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The fashion of wealthy women in Russia (1890s)

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The fashion of wealthy women in Russia (1890s)

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https://www.rbth.com/arts/2017/05/10/fashion-and-the-russian-revolution-how-sackcloth-replaced-lace_760091

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A drawing of members of the Narodnaya Volya being executed after their involvement in the assassination of Emperor Alexander II

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A drawing of members of the Narodnaya Volya being executed after their involvement in the assassination of Emperor Alexander II

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https://spartacus-educational.com/RUSpw.htm

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https://www.britannica.com/place/Shlisselburg

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While abroad, Figner traveled around the world, lecturing and raising money for the revolution, and joining the Russian Socialist Revolutionary Party in 1908, and she finally returned to Russia in 1915. After the October Revolution in 1917, she worked for non-Bolshevik revolutionary causes, becoming the honorary president of the Political Red Cross and the Society of Political Exiles. She delivered many speeches to further address the need for revolution, once saying, “when thousands of people, separated, spread over many years, all drive independently towards the same idea—then it’s a madness that looks too much like common-sense.” Although she never stopped advocating, her later years were dedicated to literary work. Figner wrote and published many articles on the history of the Russian revolutionary movement, biographies of other Russian revolutionaries, and a memoir titled Memoirs of a Revolutionist, which was published in 1917, making her prominent internationally. She passed away in June 15, 1942, and her death was marked in the newspaper Pravda.

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A depiction of the scene when Emperor Alexander II was assassinated

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A depiction of the scene when Emperor Alexander II was assassinated

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https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/march-13-1881-assassination-of-tsar-alexander-ii-of-russia/

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https://spartacus-educational.com/RUSfigner.htm

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Vera Figner is a very important and influential figure in revolutionary Russia for her work as an activist for the poor and worker class and as one of the key members to inspire reform in the government. The Russian Socialist Revolutionary Party was descended from the Narodnaya Volya, and many ideas and ideologies from the latter party were directly used to create the Socialist Revolutionary Party. Vera Figner changed the way gender and womanhood was viewed, as well, both in how women should physically look and what they can do in a broader society. Her voice as a revolutionary allowed women to understand they could have a voice in the revolution, and that rebellion wasn’t solely for men. She used her privilege as a member of a high class to help the people around her, and brought juxtaposition to the notions of class and gender in Russia. Her decades imprisoned, and finally her release, allowed the people of Russia to believe in the movement to force the government to listen to them and reform laws.

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Figner was eventually arrested on February 10, 1883, and she was tried by a military tribunal to death in September, 1884. But, her death sentence was commuted to life in prison. The government believed that there would be more negative unrest if they killed a woman, especially a popular revolutionary like Figner. Figner herself said that she would rather have been executed instead of imprisoned at hard labor. She was imprisoned at the Shlisselburg Fortress, an especially harsh prison, where inmates worked doing physically intense jobs. Shlisselburg housed other revolutionaries and prisoners there and they created a tapping language to communicate with each other, because talking was forbidden. Vera was imprisoned there for 20 years, until she was exiled to Arkhangelsk in 1904. Finally, in 1906, after the 1905 Revolution, she was completely released and was allowed to go abroad.

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Narodnaya Volya and the assassination of Alexander II

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Narodnaya Volya and the assassination of Alexander II

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The Narodnaya Volya was a Russian revolutionary organization, established in 1879, that used acts of terrorism to impose political reform, similar to the Socialist Revolutionary Party. The group was started by previous members of the Zemlya i Volya, who had left when attempts to promote revolution and rebellion in the peasant class failed. This group promoted and organized the killing of Emperor Alexander II, who was assassinated by members of the group on March 13, 1881. Vera Figner held a position on the committee who assassinated Alexander and other government officials. The group was disbanded soon after the assassination, because of the anti-terrorist attitude held by many, and many members were eventually arrested and executed.

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Vera Nikolayevna Figner was born on July 7, June 25 old style, 1852, to a wealthy family in Kazan province, Russia. Her parents were prominent landowners, both of whom were born into Russian nobility. But, their wealth wasn’t necessarily impressive to other Russian nobles who owned land at mass scales. She married Alexei Filippov, which allowed her to travel, and, in 1872, they went to Zurich so she could study medicine. It is at the Zurich University where she first heard about the revolution, and before she graduated, she returned back to Russia, working as a medical aid, and helping the aid the revolution. She became an executive committee of the Narodnaya Volya, and she was highly influential in the planning of the assassinations of Emperor Alexander II, and other key political figures. Figner fled St. Petersburg, and traveled to Southern Russia, where she organized more revolutionary conquests. She was finally arrested, and sentenced to death, but her sentence was commuted to life in prison. She spent the next 20 years in imprisonment, and was exiled in 1904, before being allowed to travel abroad in 1906. She joined the Russian Socialist Revolutionary Party from abroad, and returned to Russia in 1915. In her later life, she dedicated herself to writing and literary work, writing multiple autobiographies and biographies of Russian revolutionaries. Figner was revered as one of the leaders of the Russian Revolutionary Populist movement and her activism to help the poor and disadvantaged class of Russia was very influential towards later parts of the Russian Revolution.