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My feelings about the course (Week 1) (22/06/2020)

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My feelings about the course (Week 1) (22/06/2020)

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I'm excited to see where this course will take me in relation to expanding my social status and learning how to create websites and further developing other sorts of skills and techniques that I will overcome in this course.

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Challenging your assumptions/ different perspectives 

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Challenging your assumptions/ different perspectives 

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- Do people realise what they are getting themselves into?

- How would smoking play a role in an individuals everyday work?

- How would they handle their addiction when surrounded by loved ones? What if they have kids?

- What does it really take to quit?

- What do non-smokers think about smokers?

- What do people get and give from smoking?

- What would people do without cigarettes? Would they lean towards another drug?

- Are the manufacturers of cigarettes know what they are doing and why they are doing it?

- Would a smoker lend a child a lighten if the child wanted to smoke? Why would they and why wouldn't they? If they know what's right for them.. why wouldn't they just realise it themselves?

- What are the outcomes of smoking, short and long term?

- How are pregnant women affected by smoking.

- What is the pleasure that people get from smoking?

- Why is smoking 'addictive'?

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This promotional video will not only outline the reasons why smokers should quit, but also why they shouldn't even start in the first place if it i something they are considering.

By showing someone who is willing to try and quit (in the promotional video), the audience are given hope that if this person can do it, then they can as well.

By creating an uncomfortable environment for the viewers, they will want to distance themselves from the effects of tobacco use as the narrator continues to describe its destructive behaviour.

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There may have been several other factors that could have contributed to extending the mind map (such as secondhand smoking, the smoke from burning tobacco contains more harmful substances than inhaled smoke. This means people who are around smokers, 'secondhand smokers' might have a higher risk of smoking-related disorders).

Nevertheless, the mind map is extensive enough to my liking to cover majority of the side-effects and consequences that an everyday smoker would experience. It provides me with a vast amount of topics that I can incorporate into my promotional video, and it is capable of brainstorming more ideas for me, as I tend to focus more on the promotional video.

Overall, the mind map is created for the purpose of capturing my ideas and thoughts and allowing me to potentially visualise the different paths and routes that could be taken to achieve a successful promotional campaign that is mainly targeted at youth and adults.

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How do cigarettes affect the body? - Krishna Sudhir 

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How do cigarettes affect the body? - Krishna Sudhir 

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The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faces. The following video describes why cigarettes aren't good for us. That’s hardly news -- we’ve known about the dangers of smoking for decades.

But this short video demonstrates how exactly do cigarettes harm us, and can our bodies recover if we stop? Krishna Sudhir details what happens when we smoke -- and when we quit. The video describes how lighting a cigarette release more than 5,000 various chemicals, mostly destructive chemicals that release into your body and the atmosphere.

The video is very effective and their targeted audience are targeted at smokers. Not only do they distinguish all the possible side effects and consequences, they are very successful in delivering a well structured response as to how quitting can be significantly beneficial for an individuals overall health. By observing this video thoroughly I have a great understanding of the side effects of smoking and how quitting can be extremely beneficial for the long terms of ones health - mentally and physically.

TED-Ed 2018, How do cigarettes affect the body?, video, YouTube, 14 September, viewed 16 July 2020, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y18Vz51Nkos>.

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How do cigarettes affect the body? - Krishna Sudhir

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I have been really enjoying getting to know the students in the module and so far I'm feeling confident about my success in this course as I have been up to date of the course material.

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Smoking Causes Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema. 

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Smoking Causes Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema. 

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This video contains a very thorough analysis of how tobacco works and what some of the worst consequences are of smoking it in the short and long term.

Transcript: (Of the video- helpful to understand what the video is about).
Every time you smoke a cigarette, toxic gases pass into your lungs, then into your bloodstream, where they spread to every organ in your body. A cigarette is made using the tobacco leaf, which contains nicotine and a variety of other compounds. As the tobacco and compounds burn, they release thousands of dangerous chemicals, including over forty known to cause cancer. Cigarette smoke contains the poisonous gases carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide, as well as trace amounts of cancer-causing radioactive particles. All forms of tobacco are dangerous, including cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco, such as chewing tobacco and snuff.

Nicotine is an addictive chemical in tobacco. Smoking causes death. People who smoke typically die at an earlier age than non-smokers. In fact, 1 of every 5 deaths in the United States is linked to cigarette smoking.

If you smoke, your risk for major health problems increases dramatically, including: heart disease, heart attack, stroke, lung cancer, and death from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Smoking causes cardiovascular disease.

When nicotine flows through your adrenal glands, it stimulates the release of epinephrine, a hormone that raises your blood pressure. In addition, nicotine and carbon monoxide can damage the lining of the inner walls in your arteries. Fatty deposits, called plaque, can build up at these injury sites and become large enough to narrow the arteries and severely reduce blood flow, resulting in a condition called atherosclerosis. In coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis narrows the arteries that supply the heart, which reduces the supply of oxygen to your heart muscle, increasing your risk for a heart attack. Smoking also raises your risk for blood clots because it causes platelets in your blood to clump together. Smoking increases your risk for peripheral vascular disease, in which atherosclerotic plaques block the large arteries in your arms and legs. Smoking can also cause an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which is a swelling or weakening of your aorta where it runs through your abdomen.

Smoking damages two main parts of your lungs: your airways, also called bronchial tubes, and small air sacs called alveoli. Cigarette smoke irritates the lining of your bronchial tubes, causing them to swell and make mucus. Cigarette smoke also slows the movement of your cilia, causing some of the smoke and mucus to stay in your lungs. While you are sleeping, some of the cilia recover and start pushing more pollutants and mucus out of your lungs. When you wake up, your body attempts to expel this material by coughing repeatedly, a condition known as smoker's cough. Over time, chronic bronchitis develops as your cilia stop working, your airways become clogged with scars and mucus, and breathing becomes difficult.

Your lungs are now more vulnerable to further disease. Cigarette smoke also damages your alveoli, making it harder for oxygen and carbon dioxide to exchange with your blood. Over time, so little oxygen can reach your blood that you may develop emphysema, a condition in which you must gasp for every breath and wear an oxygen tube under your nose in order to breathe.

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are collectively called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. COPD is a gradual loss of the ability to breathe for which there is no cure.

Cigarette smoke contains at least 40 cancer-causing substances, called carcinogens, including cyanide, formaldehyde, benzene, and ammonia. In your body, healthy cells grow, make new cells, then die. Genetic material inside each cell, called DNA, directs this process. If you smoke, toxic chemicals can damage the DNA in your healthy cells. As a result, your damaged cells create new unhealthy cells, which grow out of control and may spread to other parts of your body. Cigarettes can cause cancer in other parts of your body, such as: in the blood and bone marrow, mouth, larynx, throat, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, kidney, bladder, uterus, and cervix.

Smoking can cause infertility in both men and women. If a woman is pregnant and smokes during pregnancy, she exposes her baby to the cigarette's poisonous chemicals, causing a greater risk of: low birth weight, miscarriage, preterm delivery, stillbirth, infant death, and sudden infant death syndrome. Smoking is also dangerous if a mother is breastfeeding. Nicotine passes to the baby through breast milk, and can cause restlessness, rapid heartbeat, vomiting, interrupted sleep, or diarrhea.

Other health effects of smoking include: low bone density and increased risk for hip fracture among women; gum disease, often leading to tooth loss and surgery; immune system dysfunction and delayed wound healing; and sexual impotence in men.

By observing all the information from this video. It has provided me with the best understanding of the various disease and the major side effects that smoking has. I can use this information to create a more persuasive campaign that will attract more of its targeted audience.

Nucleus Medical Media 2012, Smoking Causes Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema, video, YouTube, 21 Jul, viewed 15 July 2020, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwuwrRK-I2Y>.

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This week was definitely a step up from the prior weeks and I am happy to admit that I found myself very productive in today's class and I enjoyed the content significantly. Thus, I cannot wait for the upcoming weeks activities and assignments!

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Cars
(Tesla, Honda, BMW, Toyota, General Motors, Volkswagen, Group PSA, Daimler AG, Ferrari, Lamborghini, Hyundai, Geely, Lexus, Bugatti, Infiniti, Peugeot, Jaguar & etc).

Animals
(Dog, Penguin, Beaver, Bear, Horse, Parrot, Cat, Kangaroo, Raccoon, Panda, Red Panda, Wolf, Rhinoceros, Leopard, Rabbit, Zebra, Hedgehog, Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Mouse, Elephant, Camel, Tiger, Fox,m Lion, Hippopotamus, Otter, Mole, Owl, Porcupine & etc).

Sports
(Cricket, Hockey, Weightlifting, Fencing, Tennis, Skateboarding, Surfing, Boxing, Bowling, Curling, Badminton, Archery, Football, Figure skating, Cricket Volleyball, Soccer & etc).

Technological devices
(Laptops, Headphones, Consoles, Phones, TV's, Printers, Computers, Mouse, Digital Camera, Memory Stick, Microphone, MP3 Player, Webcam & etc).

Hobbies
(Photography, Knitting, Writing, Smoking, Gardening, Exercise, Cooking, Drawing, Sewing, Dancing, Hiking, Scrap booking, Learning, Chess, Origami, Bird watching, Crochet, Woodworking, Painting, Shopping, Calligraphy, Archery, Hunting & etc).

Charity
(Bill & Melinda Foundation, SOS Children's Villages, Grassroot soccer, Marie curie, The Ramblers, Food charities, Homeless charities, Pet charities & etc).

Emotion
(Angry, Afraid, Sick, Amused, Bored, Anxious, Confident, Miserable, Jealous, Envious, Stupid, Confused, Curious, Happy, Hot, Surprised, Loving, Cold, Suspicious & etc).

Food
(Fried chicken, Pizza, Kebab, Fish, Steak, Pasta, Rice, Soup, Broth, Tossed salad, Dressing & etc).

Infrastructure
(Airports, Bridges, Broadband, Canals, Coastal management, Critical Infrastructure, Dams, Electricity, Sky scrapers, Buildings, Houses & etc).

Talent
(Public Speaking, Writing, Self Management, Networking, Critical Thinking, Decision making, Math, Singing, Writing, Walking, Reading, Smiling, Talking, Swimming, Golfing, Breathing, Driving & etc).

Colour
(Red, Yellow, Blue, Brown, Orange, Green, Violet, Black, Carnation Pink, Yellow Orange, Blue Green, Red Violet, Red Orange, Yellow Green, Blue Violet, White, Violet Red, Dandelion, Cerulean, Apricot, Scarlet, Green Yellow, Indigo, Grey & etc).

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This week I'm feeling a little stressed because for the first 3 weeks i decided to do my promotional campaign on obesity, however, after a while I decided to do an anti-smoking campaign, which meant that I had to start everything all over again (I managed to get everything done on time regarding I have 3 other assignments for other topics). For future reference, I would probably stick to one topic and not change it, as it is time consuming.

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Graphic anti-smoking advert released in UK

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Graphic anti-smoking advert released in UK

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This is by far the best anti-smoking promotional video/campaign that I came across by. I find this very effective in delivering its message as it displays graphic content to persuade its targeted audience, as well as the excellent use of mise-en-scene throughout the 40 seconds. This would be something that my promotional video would look up to and I wold love to incorporate some of the techniques in this short campaign.

The Telegraph 2012, Graphic anti-smoking advert released in UK, video, YouTube, 28 December, viewed 16 July 2020, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIyqcST29wQ>.

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Graphic anti-smoking advert released in UK

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The creation of anti-smoking campaigns have been very successful in previous years. Some being more effective and persuasive than others but overall, the few campaigns that I have attached on this padlet, I have found very effective as they display graphic content and describe the worse effects that it can have on a individual.

I would like to create something similar, therefore, incorporating dark backgrounds and giving a sense of loneliness and a feeling of terror to the audience. This is because I find that displaying certain images or messages is very effective in persuading individuals out of bad habits because anybody can end up like the others that have had to suffer from permanent medical conditions due to short or long term smoking.

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This week I am feeling confident that i have a very detailed understanding of the assignment requirements for assignment 2 and I am up to date with all other aspects of the subject.

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At this stage of the course, I am very confident and I have developed a great understanding of the requirements of the task for assignment 2.

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This is a very informative piece of work, which primarily identifies the benefits of quitting the habit of smoking. The video makes use of illustrations to demonstrate their ideas and put them into action to capture the attention of their targeted audience.

Additionally, they use a very unique approach of demonstrating their ideas which are backed by evidence, thus it allows for the video to be significantly persuasive and useful for individuals whom are seeking for information like the ones incorporated into the video. The video has tremendously helped me gather a wider knowledge on the benefits of quitting as a smoker and how an individuals life can become better in various ways.

All the information provided in the video will be considered and certainly some ideas will be incorporated into my own promotional video campaign to create a masterpiece that is targeted especially for smokers.

AsapSCIENCE 2017, What Happens When You Stop Smoking?, video, YouTube, 3 February, viewed 15 July 2020, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3I0mJ2RfU0>.

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This weeks lecture gave me great idea about how to replicate and manipulate different camera shot throughout a promotional video to have a more provocative promotional video.

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I will be shooting my promotional video during this week with my chosen candidate, I have decided the location and the time and I just need to arrive at the place and start the project.

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This weeks lecture took me through some theories that involved HTML and CSS and I am now very confident and excited to finish off my website.

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Smoking Consequences Questionnaire: A Reevaluation of the Psychometric Properties Across Two Independent Samples of Smokers (Peer-Reviewed Article from the Unisa Library). 

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Smoking Consequences Questionnaire: A Reevaluation of the Psychometric Properties Across Two Independent Samples of Smokers (Peer-Reviewed Article from the Unisa Library). 

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Abstract of the conducted study:
Drug use outcome expectancies are a central construct to psychosocial theories of addictive disorders. In tobacco literature, the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (SCQ; Brandon & Baker, 1991) is a tool used to assess this construct. Despite its common use, the SCQ has received little psychometric evaluation. In the current report, samples from 2 studies were used to examine the assumed SCQ structure, develop a novel truncated scale, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the novel scale. In Study 1, the 4-factor SCQ structure was examined using data from 343 (32.4% female; Mage = 43.7; SD = 10.8) adult nontreatment-seeking smokers. Results from Study 1 indicated that the 4-factor SCQ structure did not adequately explain covariance between items. Instead, results provided evidence for a 5-factor structure that tapped into outcome expectancies related to (a) immediate negative consequences (IC), (b) long-term negative consequences (LTC), (c) sensory satisfaction (SS), (d) negative affect reduction, and (e) appetite-weight control (AW). In Study 2, the 5-factor structure of the SCQ was confirmed and the construct validity was evaluated in 582 (48.2% female; Mage = 36.9; SD = 13.5) treatment-seeking adult smokers. Study 2 found evidence for measurement invariance across sex and overtime of the 5-factor structure as well as substantial construct validity. Results from 2 independent samples challenge the traditional 4-factor model of the SCQ, and instead, provide evidence for a novel 5-factor SCQ structure with strong validity and reliability. Alternate scoring algorithms for the SCQ, including a 5-subscale scheme, warrant consideration to ensure optimal measurement precision and construct differentiation.

From skimming through this research article, I was able to understand the purpose of the study and whom their target audience were. This is really helpful and it has identified the targeted audience for me, which in this case is majority of youth and adults.

Garey, L, Manning, K, Jardin, C, Leventhal, AM, Stone, M, Raines, AM, … Zvolensky, MJ 2018, ‘Smoking Consequences Questionnaire: A Reevaluation of the Psychometric Properties Across Two Independent Samples of Smokers’, Psychological Assessment, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 678–692.

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Selling point:
This short film will showcase the reality of smoking, in other words, a warm welcome to death.

Treatment:
The film will start off with a black screen and slowly fade into the first shot, which is just of trees and its leaves rustling from the cold windy night. Then, the camera shot changes to a side angle of a street with a guy sitting or standing on an object. The camera cuts to a POV (Point of view) of the person as he pulls his packet of cigarettes out of his pockets. He opens the lid and grabs the first cigarette out half-way, deciding whether he should or shouldn't take it, as he hesitates. The camera cuts and we are given a mid shot from the front point of view, the guy grabs the cigarette and lights it. He takes a deep breathe (sigh), he stares into the sky thinking about his decisions as he continuous to smoke. Then the camera cuts towards the blue sky and we can see smoke from the cigarette disappearing into thin atmosphere. We then get a close up shot of the person, he seems to be getting emotional as he thinks about his decisions, from his facial expressions, we know that he regrets his decision and that he is upset.

Midway into his smoke in the dark cold street, the guy starts having flashbacks at when he would be able to spend time with his family and friends and be able to do other physical activities that wouldn't have been affected if he didn't pick up the habit of smoking. We see a new person in a close up shot as he gets up and throws his cigarette and its packet away. At the end of the video, we can see the guy walking down the empty street without looking back. He continues to fade in the background and blur as he goes further and further. A message slowly fades into the screen, asking the viewers to quit smoking, for them and for their loved ones and that there is hope. Additionally,  the message will say something in the lines of "every cigarette that is lit up, it is pulling you further away from your family, friends, and goals"

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This weeks lecture provided me with a great understand of how to create colours and design certain aspects of my website, which I will be incorporating during the upcoming last 2 weeks.

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This is the final week of the trimester, during the lecture I understood the task criteria for what is required of us, as students, to submit everything time before any deadlines. This week will be significantly busy, but worth it.

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This weeks lecture went through some small details that could help when trying to customise the website more efficiently. I am excited to incorporate these skills into my website soon!

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Chosen target audience:
Mainly targetting the youth and adults. Ages 12+. Although the targeted audiences seem ubsord and count as a large amount of the population in today's world, we have to also consider that in 2019, 19% of the human population smoked, therefore it is considered as one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced.

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Important information:

-          If the promotional video is recorded in rainy weather conditions, this allows the message to become more persuasive by creating a more dramatic environment for the viewers.

-          To create a message for an anti-smoking campaign, it would be more dramatic to record before sunset or before midnight (4pm-9pm), thus, the dark lighting creates a specific mood for its audience.

-          Throughout the whole promotional video, a dark ambient soundtrack must be brought to light, however, near the end of the video, calm/light ambient music must be incorporated to create a more dramatic effect in the audience.

Shots

Shot 1: For this first scene, we are greeted with a blank screen that fades into the first shot, which consists of tree leaves rustling from the cold windy evening (recorded as a close shot).

Shot 2: In this shot, we are greeted with the performing character. This is demonstrated via long shot of the character sitting on a bench that’s located under a tree. The character can be seen wearing gloomy cloths, resembling a feeling of sorrow and loneliness.

Shot 3: Ones again, the camera cuts closer to a mid-shot of the same angle and the character is seen as if he’s almost anxious and nervous by himself. This is usually demonstrated by physical gestures, such as fidgeting or shaking his leg as if he’s nervous. In this shot, the audience should be able to recognise the same emotion, the feeling of being anxious from not smoking. In this scene, we are greeted with dark lighting, and a dull feeling from the colour displayed in the background.

Shot 4: This is a close up shot of the main character (preferably just a torso shot from the front, to show the gestures in detail) taking his lighter out of his pocket (pants or jacket/jumper), and hesitating to smoke as he tries to put it back in his pocket.

Shot 5: Then we cut to a camera that displays the character sitting down (mid-shot), and he is seen lighting up his cigarette, and puffing it as he signs in relief. He puts his lighter on the side and continues to smoke.

Shot 6: This shot is technically connected with the last shot and it is just a close shot of the characters face, to display his emotions as he smokes. Therefore, the character shows regret in his eyes. This is demonstrated by the characters facial expressions (crossed eyebrows or heavy breathing).

Shot 7: This shot takes place straight after shot 6, and in this close up shot, the character closes his eyes and has flashbacks of his family and friends altogether hanging out happily with him when he was a non- smoker (this will be displayed as it allows the message to be more powerful by involving other loved ones). This will be demonstrated by using various techniques in premier pro.

Shot 8: The character then opens his eyes and leans over and puts his palms on his face (to display a sign of regret, anger, and distress). This shot will be recorded as a close up shot to express the characters roller coaster of emotions. Simultaneously, the background still portray dark lighting to create an awful emotion for the audience and an overall more persuasive message.

Shot 9: He stands up, throws his cigarettes, and leaves everything on the bench, and tends walk away from it with pride, and continues to walk without looking back. During this shot, we are introduced to a side angle of the bench, as the character walks away, the camera stays in the same position (from this camera angle, the audience can define it as if, the drugs can stay behind and that they should move on, just like the main character in this anti-smoking campaign).

Shot 10: As of this final scene, it is connected to the last shot (same camera angle and positioning of characters and objects), therefore, the camera starts to fade and we are met with a just a blank screen, white smokes (resembling smoke that’s from cigarettes). Then, text starts to appear on the screen, displaying a message to all smokers and encouraging them to quit.

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Attention -  My intention of creating this promotional video is to raise awareness for individuals whom are addicted to tobacco use, whether they are just getting into it or are already heavy smoker. I will be targeting the youth and adults as they tend to be the heavier smokers in contemporary society. I intend on creating a video that will demonstrate the consequences by having a narrator speak in the background with monotone voice.  The background that I will incorporate is preferably an empty street with cold colour to create a sense of loneliness, thus, creating a more persuasive video. I would like to create a dark environment/atmosphere that will make the viewers uncomfortable in a way and feel guilty of the chemicals they are putting into their body continuously. The story will unfold by having a person deciding whether he should or shouldn't smoke and he goes the bad route, smoking, the narrator will give a brief statement of some of the worse symptoms, he will decide that he stops halfway as he thinks of he's loved ones and throws the cigarette and the packet and walking down the empty street and 'moving on to better things'.

Interest - In my promotional clip, I would like to connect people in a way, showing them that everybody has to go through the process of quitting eventually, and if one person can do it, others can too. One message that I would like to get across is to inform heavy smokers, that it is not just them that are effected by smokers, but everyone whom are in his/her circle of life. By performing this video, I intend on creating a visual representation for the individuals of tobacco use, to think about their lives without smoking, what better things they are capable of achieving and creating an interest for them by making them relate to the narrator that discuss these norms. This promotional video should capture the audience attention by displaying emotion and experiences that all smokers go through, to display a message that their is always hope, if you quit.

Desire - By making use of narrator with a monotone voice and a dark atmosphere (preferably an empty environment), this will invoke an emotional feeling for the audience. By having a person sit on a bench by themselves in a dark part or a dark street to just casually smoke by themselves, this part of the video can be relatable to all smokers as it is prohibited in certain places, thus, they smoke in various places by themselves, and it gives them a sense of loneliness. This sense of loneliness however, is only temporary as we witness the smoker walk away from his original spot and throw his tobacco away. The person will only walk away as he has flashbacks of happy times with bright colour that represent joy, and the that is when he starts thinking for himself and others. By doing so, it can change peoples perspective of how they see tobacco use, because they see how happily he threw away something that he would be desperate for, this can effect the audience in a positive way, making them want to do the same action as the person in the promotional video.

Action - After the video is viewed, the audience should rethink their decisions and think about their priorities, and their families who love them and can support them through the think and thin, and that if they wanted to quit, everybody can help in a way, as addiction is not easy to overcome, especially in tobacco use. They should get a sense of emotion that would make them want to quit more than ever, because by displaying someone else just quitting on a video, it would make them feel that they are not alone. Additionally, the pictures that are flashbacks to happy times in the video, can convey a message that would evoke the audience and tell them to think about the good times that they have went through without smoking and how smoking can get in the way of almost everyday tasks.

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Here's the Reality of How Smoking Affects Your Lungs... and It's Not Pretty.

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Here's the Reality of How Smoking Affects Your Lungs... and It's Not Pretty.

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This is a very informative video that demonstrates what your lungs would look like as smoker and individuals whom have never smoked by displaying actual human lungs. By showing the real human lungs, the audience would be persuaded instantly to quit smoking, as it is very disturbing to see what the outcomes of smoking does to an individuals lungs. The video does mention how smoking is an addiction and due to that it's stating that there many individuals who are trying to quit and we just need to spark a light in them and be able to persuade them to the right path because smoking cigarettes comes with too many conveniences and the benefits of quitting will overweight it's negative effects significantly.

They also state other significantly important factors in relation to smoking, such as that it is a global problem and in today's society, there are over 16 million addicted smokers. This video is very effective in persuading their audiences (Smokers), because they display human lungs that some individuals find disturbing and by stating many different factors about cigarette use, it is very useful and they really do consider their audience and catch attention for the whole 3 minutes.

From observing this video, I now realise how big of an audience that smoking has and how smoking is a major problem in today's society in various ways and how helping smokers quit can be beneficial for everyone and the environment we live in today.

Rachael Ray Show 2017, Here's the Reality of How Smoking Affects Your Lungs... and It's Not Pretty, video, YouTube, 12 May, viewed 16 July 2020, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eI2rXveqhBI>.

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Here’s the Reality of How Smoking Affects Your Lungs… and It’s Not Pretty

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Academic Resources/ Annotated Bibliography 

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Academic Resources/ Annotated Bibliography 

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Grandpre, J, M. Alvaro, E, Burgoon, M, H. Miller, C, R. Hall, J 2009, ‘Adolescent Reactance and Anti-Smoking Campaigns: A Theoretical Approach’, Journal of Health Communication, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 349-366, viewed 10 July 2020, <https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/S15327027HC1503_6>

The following research article discusses how children between the ages of 9 and 15 are a high-risk group for tobacco use. The Centers for Disease Control has estimated that there has been a 30% increase in tobacco/ cigarette use amongst adolescents in the past decade. Therefore, by drawing on the theory of psychological reactance, various hypothesis were analysed that further tackled the impact of pro- and anti-smoking messages on a range of outcomes. From analysing this source, I am able to precisely target the audience and be capable of creating a promotional video that is persuasive to its targeted audience, which in this case are teenagers and adults.

Seigel, M 1988, ‘Mass Media Antismoking Campaigns: A Powerful Tool for Health Promotion’, ACP journals, DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-129-2-199807150-00013.

This research paper argues that tobacco advertisements and campaigns have demonstrated to be significantly influential amongst  smoking in young people, however, the powerful effect of mass media on behaviour can simultaneously be used to promote health. According to the research paper, numerous states have been successful in reducing cigarette consumption between individuals by excising their cigarette tax revenues to fund mass media anti-smoking campaigns. The research states that the most effective way to approach creating such campaigns are by demonstrating a provocative message. From this article, I have developed a better understanding of tobacco use in individuals and by thoroughly analysing this research article, I have a few ideas on how to accomplish a powerful promotional video.

Tessier, J, Freour, P, Beluogne, D, Crofton, J 1992, ‘Smoking Habits and Attitudes of Medical Students towards Smoking and Antismoking Campaigns in Nine Asian Countries’, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 298-304, viewed 10 July 2020, <https://academic.oup.com/ije/article-abstract/21/2/298/628535>

This research article demonstrates a world survey of the habits, knowledge, and attitudes of medical students regarding tobacco, therefore, a study in 15 various medical schools was conducted from  nine Asian countries. This following research article analyses their data very precisely and specific. Thus, the data is significantly crucial and just shows how male smokers are more common to smoke daily in comparison to women. The article also states the consequences of short- and long-term effects of smoking tobacco and how destructive it is towards oneself. From this article, I have developed a wider knowledge on the side effects of smoking and how devastating it can become for your health.

Chauhan, A & Sharma, R 2017, ‘Impact of Anti-Smoking Campaigns on Youth’, Procedia Computer Science, vol. 122, pp. 941–948.

This research paper evaluates the impact of state sponsored anti-smoking mass media campaign and smoking behaviour of youth through individual self-reported exposure to advertisements. The research was performed using a cross-sectional survey using Stratified Non-probability methodology, using the survey techniques of both Computer Aided Personal Interviews (CAPI) and Paper and Pencil Interviews (PAPI). The study also took place in five major institutes of, Noida, this is due to the rapid growth in its region in National Capital Region (NCR). The final results suggest that the anti-smoking mass media campaigns are successful and brings long-term benefits in lessening smoking between youth. By exposing them to the after math of smoking and invoking their vision of how they see smoking as a habit. By observing the information from this research paper, I have better understanding of whom the targeted audience are in anti-smoking campaign and just how beneficial it is for smokers to quit before its too late.

Lloyd, A, Mckendrick, J & Rutter, A 2018, ‘The role of digital and social media within mass media anti-smoking campaigns’, Tobacco Induced Diseases, vol. 16, no. s1, pp. 81–81.

The following article is raising awareness of the importance of mass media advertising anti-smoking campaigns, thus, stating the harm of smoking and benefits of quitting as soon as possible before it is too late. Pressure on budgets, however, means Television is not necessarily seen as a viable choice, as the advent of new media provides funders with an appealing alternative as a way to cut money as maintaining audiences. Furthermore, digital, and social media provides us with learning opportunities about the ‘push’ (broadcast) and ‘pull’ (direct responses) within campaigns and the balance of positive and negative messages. By further analysing this article, I have a better understanding of why anti-smoking campaigns are as effective as they are and just how much social media can play a vital role in incorporating these anti-smoking messages to a wider audience.