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Definition: Law (scientific) is the description of an observed occurrence.
Example: Newton's first Law of Motion.
Source: https://www.britannica.com/science/Newtons-laws-of-motion

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Definition: In science a law is the way a phenomenon works
Example:newtons third law of ,something is only able to absorb as much as it can take.
Source:https://www.livescience.com

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Information that is proven

Mona Lisa has no eyebrows
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Lisa

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A fact is information that the evidence proves.
Example: Oxygen is made by the plants.

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Definition; A fact is a piece of  information that has been proven with evidence.
Example: Bob Ross is a painting artist
Source:My brain,  I didn't really look it up..

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A theory is basically an explanation for things of the natural world today. And using the scientific method helps bring facts all together.
Example: An example could be Newtons theory of gravity
Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-theory-in-chemistry-605932

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A theory is  a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can incorporate laws, hypotheses and facts.
Example: Big Bang Theory.

Source: https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/darwin/evolution-today/what-is-a-theory
Source for example: https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/scientific-experiments/10-scientific-laws-theories.htm

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Theory- : a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena
source:

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A hypothesis is an assumption, an idea that is proposed for the sake of argument so that it can be tested to see if it might be true.

In the scientific method, the hypothesis is constructed before any applicable research has been done, apart from a basic background review. You ask a question, read up on what has been studied before, and then form a hypothesis.

A hypothesis is usually tentative; it's an assumption or suggestion made strictly for the objective of being tested.

A theory, in contrast, is a principle that has been formed as an attempt to explain things that have already been substantiated by data. It is used in the names of a number of principles accepted in the scientific community, such as the Big Bang Theory. Because of the rigors of experimentation and control, it is understood to be more likely to be true than a hypothesis is.

In non-scientific use, however, hypothesis and theory are often used interchangeably to mean simply an idea, speculation, or hunch, with theory being the more common choice.

Since this casual use does away with the distinctions upheld by the scientific community, hypothesis and theory are prone to being wrongly interpreted even when they are encountered in scientific contexts-or at least, contexts that allude to scientific study without making the critical distinction that scientists employ when weighing hypotheses and theories.

The most common occurrence is when theory is interpreted-and sometimes even gleefully seized upon-to mean something having less truth value than other scientific principles. (The word applies to principles so firmly established that they are almost never questioned, such as the law of gravity.)

This mistake is one of projection: since we use theory in general to mean something lightly speculated, then it's implied that scientists must be talking about the same level of uncertainty when they use theory to refer to their well-tested and reasoned principles.

The distinction has come to the forefront particularly on occasions when the content of science curricula in schools has been challenged-notably, when a school board in Georgia put stickers on textbooks stating that evolution was "a theory, not a fact, regarding the origin of living things." As Kenneth R. Miller, a cell biologist at Brown University, has said, a theory "doesn't mean a hunch or a guess. A theory is a system of explanations that ties together a whole bunch of facts. It not only explains those facts, but predicts what you ought to find from other observations and experiments."

While theories are never completely infallible, they form the basis of scientific reasoning because, as Miller said "to the best of our ability, we've tested them, and they've held up."

There are many shades of meaning to the word theory. Most of these are used without difficulty, and we understand, based on the context in which they are found, what the intended meaning is. For instance, when we speak of music theory we understand it to be in reference to the underlying principles of the composition of music, and not in reference to some speculation about those principles.

However, there are two senses of theory which are sometimes troublesome. These are the senses which are defined as "a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena" and "an unproven assumption; conjecture." The second of these is occasionally misapplied in cases where the former is meant, as when a particular scientific theory is derided as "just a theory," implying that it is no more than speculation or conjecture. One may certainly disagree with scientists regarding their theories, but it is an inaccurate interpretation of language to regard their use of the word as implying a tentative hypothesis; the scientific use of theory is quite different than the speculative use of the word.

Recent Examples on the Web By now, though, it's reached complete pop cultural saturation, so that even casuals will probably get impatient when Jason has to explain multiversal - However, on Saturday morning, the same account reported her plane landing in London, making the Stevie Nicks performance - theory to other characters. Alan Sepinwall, theory seem unlikely. Chyna Blackmon, Charlotte Observer, 4 May 2024 Rolling Stone, 7 May 2024 See all Example Sentences for theory

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'theory.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Late Latin theoria, from Greek theōria, from theōrein

1592, in the meaning defined at sense 6

The first known use of theory was in 1592

More from Merriam-Webster on theory

Merriam-Webster unabridged

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The meaning of THEORY is a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena. How to use theory in a sentence. The Difference Between Hypothesis and Theory Two Related, Yet Distinct, Meanings of Theory Synonym Discussion of Theory.

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Definition: A hypothesis is a suggested solution for an unexplained occurrence that does not fit into current accepted scientific theory.
Example: Bacterial growth may be affected by moisture levels in the air.
Source: https://www.livescience.com

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describes how an event happens
Ex. newton's laws
Source:
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-scientific-law-definition-examples-quiz.html

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Observation is a statement based off something you've heard or seen

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A suggested idea to a conflict

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inference - a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence

explample - a character has diper in her hands, spit-up on her shirt, and bottle warming on the counter. You can infer that this us character is a mother.

links : https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/inference

links : https://www.softschools.com/examples/literary_terms/inference_examples/301/#:~:text=Examples%20of%20Inference%3A,is%20late%20for%20a%20meeting.

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An observation is the action of observing someone or something to get information.
Example: After the rainstorm hit the dirt changed to mud.

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Observation is the act of observing/noticing something.
EX: An observation about the law ..? Merriam webster.

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Inference: An inference is an educated guess made to predict something.

Example: I infer that it will rain tomorrow because it has rained all week.

Source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/inference

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A scientific theory is scientifically acceptable and plausible  explanation to explain natural phenomena.
Example: The theory of Evolution

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A HYPOTHESIS IS TESTABLE