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The Battle of Shiloh was a short 2 day conflict in April 1862. At the time it was the bloodiest battle in American with 23,000 people hurt or dead. I was a huge victory for the union because it allowed them to move into the Mississippi valley. it was also a big deal because one of the souths most important leaders General Albert Johnston was killed.

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The North used railroads to transport goods and solders from one place to another. When the war began the North had over 20,000 miles of railroad tracks and the south had less than 10,000. The tracks in the north were standard sized but the tracks in the south were not. so the tracks in the north were more efficient and easier to use.

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The North had better weapons because they had a lot of the factories where the weapons and ammunition were made. The North had newer and better types of guns which made it so they had a slight advantage to the south.

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Abe Lincoln was the 16th president who served from 1861 to 1865. Abe was against slavery and wanted to end it.  Abe Lincoln was born in Kentucky and eventually moved to Illinois which is where he live when he became president. He wrote the Emancipation Proclamation and freed slaves in the north. The north eventually won the Civil war and freed all slaves because of Lincoln. He was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth in April 1865.

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The Dred Scott case was a case about Dred Scott who sued his owners because they brought him into free states and then back into slave states, and he didn't have freedom like he should have had. His case went all the way to the supreme court and lost because they said the right in the Constitution didn't apply to slaves.

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The Underground Railroad wasn't actually a railroad it was a path that slaves took to get away from their owner. Northerners who were against slavery and free slaves set this path up with safe houses for the slaves to try to get slaves to be free. Harriet Tubman was one of the former slaves who had helped so many slaves, many people that owned slaves didn't like her.

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Davy Crockett was a frontiersman, politician, and solider in the 1800's. Davy Crockett joined the Tennessee militia and also fought in the war of 1812. After being in the military he became a politician first in Tennessee than in the House of representatives. He was also a great story teller and other people told stories about him and he wrote a book about his life. He ended up fighting at the Alamo in Texas where he ended up getting killed.

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The Mexican American war was a war that happened 1846 - 1848 and was a war between the Americans and Mexicans. The war started because Mexico and the U.S. were fighting over Texas. Mexico ended up giving up and the U.S. got the territory that now includes New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, California, part of Colorado, and Texas for $15,000,000.

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Marcus Whitman was a doctor and a missionary. The Marcus and his wife were some of the first people to head west on the Oregon Trail. They were sent to set up a mission. They set up a mission near the Cayuse Indians. they worked together until a measles outbreak happened. The Indians blamed the Whitman's for the outbreak. The Indians ended up attacking and killing the Whitman's and many of the settlers near them.

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The Oregon Trail was an over 2000 mile long trail from Missouri to Oregon. The trail was used by thousands of immigrants in the 1800's. The trail was very rough and difficult to travel and it took 4-6 months to cross. People who traveled on the Oregon Trail risked getting diseases. They went on the trail for farming and mining opportunities in the west.

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The wagon was a 4 wheeled vehicle that transports objects.  Wagons were used to transport food, supplies, and people. Some people lived in wagons and moved around. The back of the wagon was covered to keep their belongings dry and safe. Wagons were pulled by mules and oxen.

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Women took over some jobs while men were at war and some even went to help in the war. Some women went to the camps to do laundry and nurse the solders. Other women pretended to be men and fought in the war.

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The Vicksburg Campaign was when the Union got control of the part of the Mississippi river that they needed, to split the South in two. During the Vicksburg campaign the Union attacked Vicksburg, which was a fortress city for the South.

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It was the first battle of the American Civil War, it took place in 1861 in Virginia. Both the North and the South thought it was going to be a quick battle so people had picnics to watch it but it was longer than they thought. Spectators ended having to evacuate so they didn't get caught up in the battle.

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The 2 sides of the Civil Wars strategies

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The 2 sides of the Civil Wars strategies

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The North's strategy had a lot of different aspects of trying to attack the South so it looked like they would easily win. Their  plan was to block of the southern seaports, control the Mississippi river to cripple the South's transportation and split them in two. The South's strategy was to defend until the north was tired of fighting, and get help from Britain.

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The Age of Reform was a time where the U.S. changed. There were 5 important reforms during that time, women's suffrage, limits on child labor, abolition, temperance, and prison reform.

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Morse code is a form of long distance communication that is made up of dots and dashes. Morse code is named after an inventor of the Telegraph Samuel Morse. Morse code can be used to send numbers and letters to people through something like the Telegraph.

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The Telegraph was invented in the 1830's and the 1840's by Samuel Morse. It was a device that sent words to other Telegraphs through Morse code. The word Telegraph is derived form the from the Greek words tele, meaning "distant" and the word graphene meaning "to write". it was came into use in the end of the 18th century.