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The 1960s and 1970s were decades of real contrast in the West. While the global political situation was actually stabilized by the tensions of the Cold War (1945-91), both the United States and European countries experienced internal political turmoil, including assassinations of major political leaders, protests, and widespread movements for social change. Economies boomed across the West during the 1960s, but the citizens of these countries were not necessarily content with their widespread prosperity. Then, in the 1970s, economic growth stalled and people focused more on personal issues than political problems. Unfazed by these political and economic shifts, the United States continued as the world's greatest producer and consumer of entertainment. Musicians, movie stars, and television stars gained unusual influence in shaping popular culture.

Vietnam and Cold Wars

Relations between countries were given real stability in the 1960s and 1970s by the ongoing conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union known as the Cold War. In this conflict, nations across the globe either allied themselves and their political and economic system with the capitalist United States, where people had the opportunity to seek out economic gain for themselves, or the Communist Soviet Union, where individuals could not own property, and the profits of everyone's labor were pooled and distributed by the government, which was controlled by the Communist Party. (A third option was neutrality, though few nations chose this path.) Western Europe and the Americas sided with the United States, while Eastern Europe, China, and parts of Asia followed the lead of the Soviet Union. Though there were very tense moments between the two sides-an American U2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union in 1960, the Soviets placed missiles in Cuba in 1962, and the Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979-for the most part the Cold War was a war of words and military buildup, with both nations committing vast amounts of money to building weapons instead of using them on each other.

Bloody conflicts did break out during this period, however. A civil war in the Southeast Asian nation of Vietnam pitted the Communist northern part of the nation, backed by the Soviets and China, against the capitalist southern portion, backed by the French and later the United States. The Vietnam War (1954-75) devastated the country itself and also proved very costly for the United States and the Soviet Union, which provided money and soldiers. The war was very controversial in the United States. Many people felt that the United States shouldn't be so involved in another country's war. They staged mass protests that caused President Lyndon B. Johnson (1908-1973) not to run for re-election in 1968.

Movements for social change

The protest against the Vietnam War was one of many protest movements that characterized political life in the West during the 1960s and 1970s. Two of the biggest movements were the Civil Rights movement and the Women's Liberation movement. The Civil Rights movement, led by Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968), Malcolm X (1925-1965), and a range of other activists, was a sustained effort to end racial discrimination in the United States. The movement, which staged bus boycotts and marches to force change, was active throughout the 1960s, and many of its goals were achieved by the time King was assassinated in 1968. Inspired by the struggle to gain civil rights for African Americans, the Women's Liberation movement was a loosely organized effort to secure equal rights for women. This international movement, which was most visible in the 1970s, helped improve women's prospects in the workplace and ended many laws that discriminated against women.

The power of youth

These movements and several others, including movements for homosexual rights and environmental awareness, shared one thing: the intense involvement of people in their teens and twenties. Young people became increasingly active politically across the West in the 1960s. They demanded that their voices be heard in political matters, and they began to exert a real influence on popular culture. Nowhere was the influence of youth felt more than in the area of fashion and clothing. Beginning in the 1960s, young people began to reject the clothes offered to them by the fashion industry and to invent new clothing styles of their own. From the mods and the rockers of early 1960s London, England, to the hippie dropouts of the United States in the late 1960s, to the punks and disco dancers of the 1970s, young people defined the styles that were then taken up throughout the world. Similar kinds of youth influence were felt in the areas of music, television, and film, as rock bands, actors, and actresses were lifted to celebrity status thanks to the support of young people.

Young people were somewhat troubled by a growing phenomenon in Western cultures: the growth of consumerism, which meant that people had enough money to allow them to produce a range of goods beyond the bare necessities. Western countries in general, and the United States in particular, enjoyed immense prosperity during the 1960s. People had more disposable income (income that was not needed for food and shelter) than ever before in history, and they used that money to buy televisions, automobiles, clothes, and other consumer items. Corporations became very skilled at mass-producing items for sale around the world. Even when economies declined in the 1970s, consumerism remained a major force in the West.

Young people worried that the great wealth produced in the West could be better spent on combating issues such as poverty and crime. They didn't want to purchase just for the sake of purchasing. They wanted the things they bought and wore to reflect their values and ideals. Companies, including clothing companies, constantly sought to change their products in order to satisfy the desires of these consumers. In fashion this shifting consumer demand, rather than the creations of designers, drove what was offered. The most successful designers learned to give the people what they wanted, which during the 1960s and 1970s was variety and comfort.

Most of the major social and political changes of this period had an effect on the fashions people wore. People throughout the West were becoming more aware of the need to respect different cultural traditions and to allow for individual differences. In the 1960s this led to fads favoring the fashions of Native Americans, African Americans, and other cultures of the world. By the 1970s tastes in clothing had become even more individualized. It was said that people could wear anything they wanted-and did. Women especially were tired of having fashions dictated to them, and they chose clothes that were comfortable and liberating. This focus on individual tastes and expression helped earn the 1970s the nickname the "Me Decade."

FOR MORE INFORMATION

Bluttal, Steven, ed. Essays by Patricia Mears. Halston. London, England: Phaidon Press, 2001.

Feinstein, Stephen. The 1960s: From the Vietnam War to Flower Power. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, 2000.

Feinstein, Stephen. The 1970s: From Watergate to Disco. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, 2000.

Gross, Elaine, and Fred Rottman. Halston: An American Original. New York: HarperCollins, 1999.

Holland, Gini. The 1960s. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, 1999.

Layman, Richard, ed. American Decades: 1960-1969. Detroit, MI: Gale Research, 1995.

Layman, Richard, ed. American Decades: 1970-1979. Detroit, MI: Gale Research, 1995.

Stewart, Gail. The 1970s. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, 1999.

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The 1960s and 1970s were decades of real contrast in the West. While the global political situation was actually stabilized by the tensions of the Cold War (1945-91), both the United States and European countries experienced internal political turmoil, including assassinations of major political leaders, protests, and widespread movements for social change.

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Central Casting books Background Actors for productions set in a variety of time periods, including series set in the '70s, like Minx and Daisy Jones & the Six, and shows that jump around in time, like Quantum Leap. Here's some background on 1970s fashion so you can put together the perfect outfit for set.

Know what '70s look you're going for

When you think 1970s fashion, you're probably thinking bell bottoms and fitted shirts. That was a classic look throughout the decade, but there was a lot more to '70s style than this one look. Fashion during this time was so varied and experimental that Vogue declared, "There are no rules in the fashion game now."

When tasked with creating a look, always start with your details. They will include information like the style you need to emulate and colors to either use or avoid. Keep in mind that each production has a unique aesthetic, so even if you've put multiple '70s outfits together, don't assume those outfits will work for every role or production. Whether you're asked to wear your wardrobe or bring it to set, you should always arrive with your clothing clean and unwrinkled.

Early 1970s fashion

For women, the Hippie look of the 1960s carried over to the early '70s. Popular styles included bell bottom pants, frayed jeans, midi skirts, maxi dresses, tie-dye, peasant blouses, and ponchos. Some accessories that will help pull together your early '70s Hippie outfits are chokers, headbands, scarves, and jewelry made of wood, stones, feathers, and beads.

Women in the early '70s who didn't go for the Hippie look chose more of a dressy or dressy casual wardrobe. This look included tight t-shirts or dresses with a fitted wide lapel blazer, flared pants, sweaters, cardigans, and boots. Pastels were popular colors, especially baby blue, yellow, mauve, and peach.

Men's early 1970s fashion was largely influenced by bright colors and textures. Satin shirts, sometimes with ruffles or lace, were often pared with hip-hugging bell bottoms. Bright colored three piece and double breasted suits in corduroy, paisley, wool, and crushed velvet were popular for special and even every day occasions. More casual looks for men included bell bottom jeans, tie-dye, flannel shirts, pleated pants, and sweaters with oxford shoes, platforms, flips flops, or boots.

Mid '70s styles

By the mid-1970s, the Hippie look fell out of fashion, making way for a more casual everyday style. Fitted t-shirts rose in popularity, with elaborate designs, slogans, and sports logos.

In the middle of the decade, women began to enter the workforce at a higher rate, which led to more tailored business styles. If you're putting together this type of look, think tailored blazer, midi skirt, and a fitted blouse with high heels.

Men's suits took on a slightly more European flair, with slimmer cuts, smaller waists, and a straighter leg in the pants. While suits were still popular for all occasions, there was a bigger push for more informal styles. To pull off this look, think flannel or western shirts, sweaters, sweatshirts, jeans, khaki chinos, leather jackets, and oxford shoes.

Late 1970s looks

Disco took over fashion for everyone in the mid-late '70s. Disco styles for women included jersey wrap dresses, tube tops, sequined shirts, spandex shorts, and high slit skirts with boots or chunky heels.

John Travolta's character in Saturday Night Fever is a perfect example of Disco style for men. Three piece suits with wide lapels and flared pants were popular in powder blue, beige, and white.

Generally, women's fashion in the late '70s became more relaxed. Clothes became baggier and more revealing and often resulted in an inverted triangle silhouette. To put together wardrobe for this style, look for cowl-neck shirts, sundresses over tight t-shirts, pantsuits, strapless tops, embroidered vests and jeans, skirts, or Daisy Dukes. The color palette took a turn to more earthy tones in browns, tan, grays, and light blues.

For men, the popular Disco alternative was sportswear. This look included tracksuits, jumpsuits, cardigans, sweaters, puffer vests, and low top sneakers. It was common for t-shirts to be untucked and for collars to be popped.

Want to learn more about looks from different time periods? Check out our decade guides spanning the 1930s-2000s in our wardrobe article category.

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What to Know About 1970s Fashion - Central Casting

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Central Casting books background for productions set in a variety of time periods. Here are some basics on 1970s fashion so you can create greats looks.

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Location: Paris Fashion Week

Season: Fall/Winter 2020

Key Looks: Ashton Sanders combining shorts, boots, and a heavy duty jacket - all in stone gray - is a great vibe in slide #18

Editor's Notes: Louis Vuitton's Fall/Winter 2020 show at Paris Fashion Week naturally brings out everyone's finest monogrammed pieces from the French luxury brand. Case in point: Skepta's subtle gray puffer in slide #1, and a more full-on look in slide #26 featuring the Louis Vuitton Admiral Jacket. Elsewhere, there were plenty of brightly colored lenses; among all the monogram luggage, there's also one of Bottega Veneta's intrecciato padded bags in slide #20.

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Street Style at Louis Vuitton's FW20 Show Brings All the Monograms Out

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Location: Paris Fashion Week Season: Fall/Winter 2020 Key Looks: Ashton Sanders combining shorts, boots, and a heavy duty jacket - all in stone gray - is a great vibe in slide #18 Editor's Notes: Louis Vuitton's Fall/Winter 2020 show at Paris Fashion Week naturally brings out everyone's finest monogrammed pieces from the French luxury brand.

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Explore the evolution of the Burberry trench coat through the archive, from heritage shapes to runway designs.

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WC 2nd march COMPANY BEST SELLERS - STUDENT

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The life cycle of a t-shirt - Angel Chang

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Warning_ garment may contain slave labour _ Corporate Knights

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Angora wool, used in everything from sweaters to mittens and hats, comes from angora rabbits who have extremely soft, thick coats. A PETA Asia undercover investigator visited almost a dozen rabbit farms in China, the source of 90 percent of the world's angora, and found rabbits screaming in pain and terror as workers ripped the fur out of their skin. Following this barbaric ordeal, which the rabbits endure every three months, the animals lie motionless inside tiny, filthy cages, stunned and in shock. Some seem unable to move.

Rabbits who are sheared have their feet tightly tethered, and they are suspended in the air or stretched across boards. The sharp cutting tools inevitably wound them as they struggle desperately to escape. Because rabbits are prey animals, they become terrified very easily and fear being picked up, and they are prone to heart attacks in stressful situations. One farmer told PETA Asia's investigator that 60 percent of the rabbits die after only one to two years.

There are no penalties for abuse of animals on farms in China and no standards to regulate the treatment of the animals.

In the wild, rabbits live in elaborate underground warrens, but on a typical angora farm, they are housed alone in wire-mesh cages not much bigger than their own bodies, which causes these highly social animals to slowly go insane. The wire cages offer little protection from the elements, so the rabbits have no way to keep themselves warm after they have been plucked bald. When forced to live on wire flooring, rabbits' tender feet become raw, ulcerated, and inflamed from constantly rubbing against the wire.

Rabbits are naturally clean animals, but on angora farms they must live surrounded by their own waste. The stench of ammonia from the urine-soaked floors beneath the cages can cause their eyes to become irritated and infected. These animals never have a chance to dig, jump, or run as they would in the wild, where they can roam an area of up to one square mile a day.

Female rabbits produce more wool than do males, so on larger farms, male rabbits who are not destined to be breeders are killed at birth. They could be considered the "lucky" ones.

Angora rabbits are first sheared or plucked when they are just 8 weeks old, and they are subjected to the same terrifying ordeal every few months following that. After two to five years, rabbits who have survived this repeated abuse are hung upside down, their throats are slit, and their bodies are sold for meat.

If you don't want to support the exploitative angora trade, please always choose animal-free fashions. Following PETA Asia's investigation, dozens of retailers have banned angora, including Calvin Klein, Tommy Hilfiger, H&M, Forever 21, Eddie Bauer, L Brands, QVC, Lands' End, Express, Pac Sun, Mango, numerous UK-based retailers including Topshop, ASOS, Marks & Spencer, New Look, as well as many other European, Australian, and Asian companies.

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Angora wool, used in everything from sweaters to mittens and hats, comes from angora rabbits who have extremely soft, thick coats. A PETA Asia undercover investigator visited almost a dozen rabbit farms in China, the source of 90 percent of the world's angora, and found rabbits screaming in pain and terror as workers ripped the fur out of their skin.

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Why sustainability is now business critical | Features | Drapers