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. There are three common eye defects, and they are(i) myopia or near-sightedness, (ii) Hypermetropia or far-sightedness, and (iii) Presbyopia

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Myopia is the defect of the eye vision due to which a person can see the near by objects clearly but cannot see the far objects so distinctly. Causes of myopia: Myopia is caused:—due to the elongation of the eyeball. —due to decrease in the focal length of the eye lens.

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Structure of eye causing myopia can have two defects: The eye lens becomes too convex or curved. Depth of the eyeball is too much i.e. eyeball lengthened from front to back. When the length of the eyeball is too long as compared to the focusing power of the lens of the eye and cornea.

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Hyperopia, or farsightedness, is just the opposite – people with it can see clearly far away, but not close up. It is caused by insufficient curvature of the cornea relative to the length of the eyeball. This puts the focal point of the light rays behind the retina instead of one eye

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Presbyopia is an age-related condition that occurs as the lens loses its ability to change shape. This reduces the eye’s ability to adjust for different distances, especially close up, so that the weakly bundled light rays are not focused at the retina.