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Anne and other people hiding in the annex were very optimistic that they would survive the war. Like Anne said, they are very fortunate to have a safe place to hide so they can care about other things. I feel bad for Anne because she is a very lively and bright person but living with all the other people that are more “mature” is bad for her. The others keep correcting and insulting her. They think that anything Anne does has a bad intention. For example, when she’s tired they think she’s lazy and whenever she has a good idea, they think she is sky and cunning.

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There have been some dim developments to the story, especially with Anne's mental health, so I wanted to point out a more positive one. I have noticed that she has been trying to act more mature when responding to adults that infuriate her (Dussel, Mrs. van Daan). Anne has been more calm and composed while still expressing her perspective, and it is great to see from her character. I was wondering if she was suppressing her emotions more to be able to do this, which would affect her mental health. However, the diary appears to be a great outlet as it is something she can vent to without being lectured.

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In Anne's May 18, 1943 diary entry, she briefly mentions that college students are being asked to sign and approve the New Order, or else they will be sent to labor camps. This made me think of the White Rose, as they were also college students. I believe the mandate happened because Hans and Sophie were caught distributing the White Rose pamphlets. So, in an attempt to dismantle the ideals spread by the White Rose, Nazis made a law specifically targeting college kids because they were the ones who had caused so much of the uprising. The events also took place around the same time. According to "The secret student resistance to Hitler" (the TED-Ed video), Hans and Sophie were caught on February 18, 1943. This would line up with Anne's diary entry being May 18, 1943, when she wrote about the laws taking place. The last line that Anne writes about this is also very reminiscent of a line from a White Rose pamphlet, "What's to become of the youth of our country if they've all got to do hard labor in Germany" (Diary of Anne Frank 111) and, "...before the last youth of our nation bleeds to death..." (The White Rose).

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Like the last Padlet, I'll write down words I feel should be defined.

103 ~ Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ~ Heavy bleeding in the upper digestive track - the esophagus.

120 ~ Pedantic ~ An insulting word used to describe someone who annoys others by correcting small errors, caring too much about minor details, or emphasizing their own expertise especially in some narrow or boring subject matter.

126 ~ Coquettish ~ The attitude or behavior of one who insincerely courts the amorous attention of others. ~ Someone who tries to gain the love of others for alternative reasons.

150 ~ Dextrose ~ A type of sugar that usually comes from corn or wheat. Dextrose is almost identical to glucose, which is the sugar found in the bloodstream. For that reason, it can be quickly used as a source of energy by the human body.

155 ~ Perturbed ~ Feeling anxiety or concern; unsettled.

159 ~ Diphtheria ~ A febrile (feverish), infectious disease caused by the bacillus Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and characterized by the formation of a false membrane in the air passages, especially the throat. | Sorry for all the big words here. I couldn't define it any better.

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In the middle of page 150, we start to see how Anne is having a worse mood. Like Izzy and Shalimar said before, it is likely because she has been stuck in a place that has not been treating her very well. By that, I mean both the environment itself and the others in it. Dussel, who I have already expressed my great distaste for, is just plain rude to most of the people in the household anyways, and it doesn't help that Anne shares a room with him. She has seemed to be on a bit better terms with her mother, but Mrs. Van D. is still being rather irritable with the whole group as well (apart from the men her age, I have seen). The Secret Annex also has not been the best, but that is to be expected in a hidden-refugee home. You can't really expect the best time, or the greatest circumstances. Still, all these things have been negatively impacting Anne's life and psychological point of view.
I honestly feel bad for Anne. She had her diary, but aside from that, she had nowhere to vent her anger and (as she puts it) despair out to.

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Anne mentioned the actions in the war that were taking place around her, such as the firebombs on the German Officers' Club, the fires on the corner of Vijzelstraat and Singel, and the air raids. These events caused her to get very little sleep, and as the war went on, the food available got worse for the members of the annex. This made me think about the other civilians whose countries were heavily involved in the war (Netherlands, Germany, Britain). Even though the Franks were in hiding and their living situation seemed to be much worse, the people who were not being targeted by Nazis were likely living very similarly. They could not go out very often with all of the attacks occurring on the streets, which would have been near their homes, meaning more restless nights for them as well. Many citizens of these war-ridden countries were also living off of the government-issued ration books, which provided them with the same or similar food to what the Franks had.

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I know Claire already posted about this, but I couldn't not say something. I'm just going to say flat out that I absolutely despise Mr. Dussel. He is so incredibly childish, greedy, and selfish. He went on in a raging spiel to a child no less about why she was so horrible and selfish and stupid. Anne is what, 13, and Mr. Dussel is in his 50s. How sad is that. He feels the need to unload all of his problems on some young girl who just wants to be able to study and get her school work done.

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We already knew Anne was really struggling with her mental health but in this section we find out that she actually has anxiety and depression. Not only that, but she's terribly nearsighted. Even before the war she was, but her family never did anything about it. Why wouldn't have her go see a doctor and get glasses? Isn't that technically child neglect? Honestly, from what we've read, Anne seems to be a bit of a black sheep. Sometimes I feel like nobody really cares for her enough to get her the help she needs.

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One of Anne's entries talked about how everyone's personal items are worn down, too small, and frayed. When I read that I immediately connected it to the members of the Secret Annex, their relationships, their emotions, and just them as people. They're wearing down and continuously getting more and more tired. Not only that, but they're changing as people, like their old skin being out in the open doesn't fit them anymore.

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When reading these few pages, I couldn't help but wonder; why is Mr. Dussel acting like such a childish spoilsport? He goes on and talks about how Anne is supposedly being "selfish" and "childish", but in reality, he's the one acting that way. He tries to take control of the area, and to think that it's just a simple desk to work at! He seems rather nice when he is first introduced, but as time goes on, we can see this personality start to come out. I infer that he was likely brought up in a very strict household that had the adults in complete rule, leaving the children with only what wasn't being used. This upbringing would have affected him to act in the same kind of way, feeling that the children are (I don't know if this is the right word, but I'll use it) "inferior" to the adults who run the household. However, this could just be his personality. I am making an inference, not a statement of fact.

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Multiple times throughout the diary, Anne talks about how she feels "selfish" for hiding while many other Jews were captured by the Nazis. I know that Anne is a really good and kind hearted person because she feels that it is wrong to be safe while many others are being captured. On 10/19/1942, Anne says, "I feel wicked for sleeping in a warm bed, while my dearest friends have been knocked down or have fallen into a gutter somewhere out in the cold night." She feels scared for other Jews and continues with, "I get frightened when I think of close friends who have been now delivered into the hands of the cruelest brutes that walk the earth. And all because they were Jews!" And on 1/13/1943, she says that she feels miserable each time she thinks about other Jews being sent to labor camps. She feels that her family and other people hiding in the annex are very selfish. "We're so selfish we talk about "after the war" and look forward to new clothes and new shoes, when we should be saving every penny to help others when the war is over." At such a young age, I feel that Anne has such a compassionate and mature insight of what is happening in the war. I feel terrible for her and I can't imagine what it would be like living through such dark times.

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While I was reading, I noticed some similar things that are happening to the people in hiding versus people during the lock-down of 2020. The first similarity is the obvious one, everyone has to stay at home and they can't go out of their house. Anne and the others can't go out of the Annex while hiding, and people in lock-down are not allowed to get out of their house. The second similarity is people getting sick of each other, I have mentioned this in my previous padlet and I will say it again, after a certain extent of having to live and be near someone 24/7, you're bound to get tired of them and fight often. In Anne's situation, that happened a lot, and in personal experience, I also got into fights with the people I lived with after a long time in lock-down. Finally, the third similarity I noticed was people pick up new things. In the Diary of Anne Frank, Anne and Margot pick up different hobbies and learn new things in order to keep themselves entertained while in hiding. When I was in lock-down, my family and I had also picked up different hobbies and learned new things, my sister learned calligraphy and I picked up the hobby of coloring and scrap booking. As you can see, there are many similarities when it comes to comparing Anne's experience in hiding with other's experience in lock-down during 2020.

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Later on in the reading, Anne starts to write about how she feels and that she is noticing her constant sadness or anxiety. There could be many reasons behind her depression, targeted comments, not being able to go outside, and the news of terrible things that are happening to people like her. I believe, that the main reason behind how she is feeling are the rude and targeted comments towards her. It has been quite noticeable that Anne is known as the "trouble maker" of the Annex. She describes the countless times she is blamed or scolded for doing a simple rebelling action while her sister, Margot, usually never gets in trouble. These "sermons" could be the reason behind how she is feeling and if she voices these concerns to others, maybe she could feel better about herself. There are not many times where Anne mentions she gets praises from others when she does something, but instead she usually talks about how mad and annoyed people are by her actions.

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Hiding has seemed to take a toll on the relationships for the members of the Secret Annex. Anne has written in her diary multiple times about the different fights that happen during their time in hiding. Here is a list of people who are fighting the most often, Mr. Dussel and Anne, Mr. and Mrs. van Daan, Mother and Mrs. van Daan, Mother and Anne, and Anne and Mrs. van Daan. I believe the main reason behind these fights is from being sick of each other. They have all been living together for more than a year and they don't get much time away from one another. Due to this, may relationships are being broken and fighting has become an often event in the Annex. Once this war ends, do you think these people will get along more often? Or do you think they have had enough of each other for the rest of their life?

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On page 114, Anne says that Mr. Voskuijl was found to have cancer. Because his cancer was at such a late stage, he could not be treated, and was told that he could not go to work anymore. Anne expresses how this was not good at all, because 1) they could not visit him and make him feel any better, and 2) he could not tell them what was happening in the warehouse. This event made me realize just how important the workers at the office are to the inhabitants of the Secret Annex. The workers are their only source of information of what is happening elsewhere in the office building. Without the workers helping them, things would be entirely different.

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While looking at the previous outside resource, I wondered if the Jews could take a new identity or "switch religion". It appears that they could not change religion as the same person, but if they acted like someone else, and basically became someone else, they were sometimes able to escape. I thought this was very interesting and worth sharing.

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Hanni Weissenberg, now Hanni Lévy, survived as a Jew in Nazi Germany.

Today, the petite and lively 94-year-old lives in Paris. Earlier this month, she returned to Berlin, her home during the war years, to attend the screening of a film about her and other Jews who survived while hiding under the noses of the Nazis.

The Invisibles, a German documentary-drama based on the accounts of four survivors, opened Friday in the U.S.

In the film, Lévy is depicted first at age 17, sitting in her Berlin apartment in 1943, with the Gestapo pounding on the door.

"That's when I knew it was now or never," Lévy tells NPR. "I knew I had to disappear. When they knocked like that, usually you had to open. But I didn't."

She managed to slip out of the apartment that day and escape.

Her parents had died of illness. Her grandmother and another Jewish family she had lived with had been deported. She was living alone and working as a forced laborer at a factory, sewing parachutes. In February 1943, the Gestapo carried out the Fabrik-Aktion or "factory action," the last major arrest of Jews to be deported to Auschwitz.

Taking only her coat and handbag, Lévy hid in her large apartment building until nightfall. Then she made her way to the home of non-Jewish friends of her parents, the only people she felt she could trust. They took her in. It would be the first of many such places of refuge.

Staying with these family friends, Lévy removed the yellow star that Nazis forced Jews to wear, dyed her hair blond and began a new life as Hannelore Winkler.

"You just had to ignore the fear in your gut and push it away, become someone else," Lévy says. "I had to try to lose myself in the masses and forget that I was scared and that I was someone who once submitted to the Nazi race laws. I had to act like a regular Berliner. And this is what saved me in the end."

Barbara Schieb, a historian with Berlin's German Resistance Memorial Center, says Jews often went completely underground in Nazi-occupied countries, sometimes helped by resistance movements. But for Jews in Germany - where potentially everyone was a Nazi and there was no organized resistance - Schieb says people had to hide in plain sight.

"They just said, 'I'm somebody else,' " says Schieb. "They invented a new Aryan-sounding identity. And for this, they needed helpers. They needed a home, something to eat, money, of course - and they needed false documents. But they were visible. You see it in the film, how they are working, meeting. And yet they are invisible. It's the false identity that is visible."

German director and producer Claus Räfle, a 30-year veteran of the film industry, says he made The Invisibles because he finds the stories of people who have to hide themselves in their own hometown amazing.

"They have to climb into different identities, and these stories are so full of tension and emotions because every day is full of risks," he tells NPR. "Every day, you can be arrested. Every day, someone can notice something strange about you. And I thought this is something that never happened before."

Räfle's movie, a drama re-created around the interviews with survivors, is interspersed with footage of Berlin during the war. It was released in Germany in 2017 and aired on German prime-time television last week.

"These are some of the last victims of Nazism who could tell their story in a very interesting and touching way," he says. "It proved it happened and that some people were helping, and that made a difference."

In addition to Lévy's story, the movie focuses on the survival of three other young Jewish Berlin residents who made it through the war years. Today, Lévy is the only one of those four still living.

One of the other survivors, Cioma Schönhaus, was an art student who became an expert forger of documents. Another, Ruth Arndt, was a young woman who worked in a German officer's house. He knew she was Jewish but kept the secret. Eugen Herman-Friede escaped suspicion by wearing the Hitler Youth uniform of the son of the family who hid him.

In the film, for which interviews were conducted 10 years ago, the four survivors talk of the constant fear, the hunger and cold they experienced. They recall a culture of denunciation so pervasive that sometimes Jews denounced other Jews in the hope of avoiding a horrible fate.

But they also talk with admiration about the people who helped them survive. "These people sheltering me had to live with just one food ration card," Lévy tells NPR. As Allied bombings of Berlin increased near the end of the war, "they often went into public bunkers with me so I wouldn't be seen in their basement. They kind of sacrificed themselves to live my life."

Stories of the thousands of Jews who went into hiding in the heart of Nazi Germany only came to light in the late 1980s, says Schieb. It took the generations born after the war to unearth and document them.

"It's tragic, but that's the way it is," says Schieb. "The first generation of this [postwar] country was not capable of doing this research. It was the next generation who pushed it. They asked, how could all this happen?"

Schieb says about 1,900 Jews survived the war while hiding in and around Berlin. Some of the stories of those who helped them are documented at the German Resistance Memorial Center in an exhibition called "Silent Heroes."

Schieb says that in 1933, about half a million Jews lived in Germany, which then had a population of 80 million. A third of the country's Jews lived in Berlin. She says about 300,000 Jews escaped before the Holocaust and 165,000 were deported. The survivors included those in mixed marriages, those who returned from the concentration camps and those who went into hiding.

Michael Müller was among those in the audience at the Berlin screening of The Invisibles. Of Lévy, he says, "She helps us account for our difficult past and learn for the future."

Marianne Enzensberger, 72, also in the audience, marveled at Lévy's generosity. "I adore this lady, that she can forgive everybody," she says. "I would never be able to do that. I can't forgive my own people for what they did."

With her was a friend, Marianne Rosenberg, whose father was Jewish and survived Auschwitz. Both women say they are worried today about the rise of the far right in Germany and Eastern Europe.

"I'm very angry about what's happening," says Enzensberger. "German people say, 'Oh, this happened so long ago,' but it was just a flash in history, a few short years ago. And some of the youngsters today, they don't know about anything."

Sophie Achenbach, 26, was stunned by The Invisibles. She says she knew about the horrors of Auschwitz but never imagined the daily injustices in the city where she lives that led up to the Holocaust.

"If you watch the movie and think about the daily lives they had - that Jews couldn't go to the doctor, that they couldn't use the public transportation, all these things," says Achenbach, "I never thought about that. And living in Berlin, this all felt very close to me. Where the movie takes place is where you walk every day."

Like most German Jewish survivors, Lévy left Germany after the war. She has lived in Paris since 1946 and says Paris is her home, the place where she has raised her happy family.

But she calls Berlin her secret garden.

"I can't forget the time I lived in Berlin," she says. "I lost my parents, and my grandmother was deported. I started another life here and lived on the margins. It's not possible to strike that from my life."

Lévy says she has no bitterness - only gratitude for the extraordinary people who helped her stay alive.

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'The Invisibles' Reveals How Some Jews Survived Nazi Germany By Hiding In Plain Sight

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"You just had to ignore the fear in your gut and push it away, become someone else," recalls one Jewish survivor, now 94. "I had to act like a regular Berliner. And this is what saved me in the end."

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Dec 2nd: pgs. 1-100
Dec 9th: pgs. 101-161
Dec 16th: pgs. 162-224
Jan 13th: pgs. 163-363
Feel free to read the foreword, introduction, afterword, editorial history, and the inhabitants of the secret annex and their real names on your own time because they aren't included in the required page due dates that we've set.

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Dec 2nd: Kalea
Dec 9th: Claire (that's for this Padlet!)
Dec 16th: Shalimar
Jan 13th: Izzy, Brandon (we'll each bring one in)
You're welcome to bring in any other resources you find for whichever due date, but that doesn't mean you're excused on yours! (Unless you want to switch with someone, that's 100% fine just let me know so I can edit this post)