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For one article

Summary

The pollutants

The Sources

The Impacts

Identify if Point or Non-Point Source Pollution

Identify if Persistent or Biodegradable

Identify if Acute or Chronic

Identifiy if it is primary or secondary

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The Latest Legacy of Acid Rain: Jellied Lakes- Alejandra Carrión

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The Latest Legacy of Acid Rain: Jellied Lakes- Alejandra Carrión

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This article is about how acid rains are causing North American lakes to turn to jelly, not literally but because there is a lack of calcium, many aquatic animals died and the ones who survived had a jelly-like texture. The pollutants for this problem are basically nitrogen and sulfur oxide emissions which increase the acidity of water and as a result, rain turns acid. The source for acid rain comes mainly from agriculture and transportation. Impacts include lowering the levels of calcium in the water and many fish species died which limit the food web and as a consequence, most species die. It is a non-point source pollution because it comes from a various of sectors and places and it is persistent because even if we stop producing those gases, the ones that were already produced will still be in the rain as a cycle. I believe that acid rain is an acute problem because it didn’t happen overnight, it took some time to be considered as a problem. Acid rain is a secondary pollutant.

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Summary: Seabird guts stuffed with cigarette lighters and bottle caps, sea animals caught in fishing lines, and floating plastic bags are all evidence of plastic pollution in the ocean. According with one study, around 8 million metric tons of plastic waste are dumped into the ocean per year. The largest portion of trash discovered circulating in the oceans are microplastics, which are broken-down pieces of plastic resulting in very small pieces. These items account for around 1% of all plastic garbage that ends up in the ocean each year. It's also unclear how much of the millions of plastic waste that enters the ocean every year ends up as microplastics, since microplastics represent just part of the total amount of plastic now in the ocean. Furthermore, ocean plastics endanger a wide range of sea animals, and humans itself.  It is impossible to clean up all of the microplastics that have accumulated in the ocean over the years, yet we have to prevent this waste from entering the ocean.

The pollutants: Bottles, wrappers, straws or bags

The Sources: Microplastics come from a los of different sources such as personas hygiene, clothes, larger plastics products, etc.

The Impacts: Sea animals eat microplastics that are toxic for them, however humans fish that animals and then consume it making humans also digest microplastics.

Identify if Point or Non-Point Source Pollution: Non-Point source Pollutions since it affects ocean biodiversity.

Identify if Persistent or Biodegradable: Microplastics are persistent since they can't disintegrate completely.

Identify if Acute or Chronic: Chronic because animals eat it.

Identifiy if it is primary or secondary: It's a primary source

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Summary:
Lebanon citizens are currently dealing with health and pollution threats due to a trash crisis. People are not properly disposing their trash and indeed are polluting soil areas and contributing to the spread of diseases that affect all citizens. Protests have already began to arise amongst many of the area sectors, desperately asking the government for an immediate response to clean-up, arguing as well that it is very difficult and harmful to reside surrounded by trash. Citizens are getting harmed by the smell of trash and just by having to see it day after day. Despite protestors' efforts, it is very difficult for the current regime to start taking initiative, and it is for this reason that people will want to evolve methodologies to sustain on their own.
Pollutants
Pollutants involve: Plastic bags, containers, cardstock, wrappers, and any other pertaining to solid domestic waste that communities yield.
The Sources:
The source for trash mountains mainly comes from food and manufacture labor wastes. Food inadequately disposed of comes from supermarket chains and local retailers.  W hen this food is discarded, it ends up in landfills, and the lack of care and management for these garbage dumps contributes to the dispersal of trash.
The impacts:
Many citizens are currently suffering from respiratory complications, as well as cholera in some cases. Overall, the  city is very cluttered, and people are gradually leaving, which has an impact on the economic balance.
Identify if Point or Nonpoint Source Pollution:
Because it is obvious where the trash comes from, it is a point source of pollution. The garbage can be attributed back to dumpsites and people's residential areas where it is discarded.
Identify if Persistent or Biodegradable:
Persistent since trash mountains made up by garbage and waste are not biodegradable.
Identify if Acute or Chronic:
The waste crisis is chronic because it evolves and progresses over time. Despite the fact that it has a dramatic affect, the damage grows severely and over time.
Identify if it is primary or secondary:
Primary

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Summary: The world's most popular pesticide is killing millions of bees. Bees are necessary in order to maintain a healthy and stable system, so they are indispensable to our environment. Neonicotinoids are the most popular pesticides, and they are used for thousands of acres around the world. In particular, they are used in soy beans, which are extremely popular to bees, and lead to their ultimate death. Environmental experts have warned about the effect of this pesticide for decades, but the agricultural industry is yet to take actions.

Pollutants: Neonicotinoids (pesticides), it is an organic pollutant.

Source: agriculture and its respective workers.

Impacts: bees are dying and that creates a positive feedback loop because we are losing pollinators, which could push the environment to the tipping point.

It is a non-point source pollutant, because as they are used worldwide, there is diffusion in the use of the pesticides.

Pesticides are classified persistent organic pollutants.

This is chronic pollution because this type of pesticide has been used for decades repeatedly.

This form of pesticide is also a primary pollutant because it does not undergo any chemical changes in the environment.

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Summary:
Cocaine has been detected in shrimp by researchers in England. It was studied in a rural region and identified after obtaining samples from 15 different places around Suffolk. The cocaine emerged in freshwater shrimps as a result of micro-pollutants. Pesticides and pharmaceuticals were also discovered in the shrimp gathered, along with cocaine substances like Ketamine.
The Pollutants:
Pharmaceuticals, pesticides, cocaine, fenuron and ketamine
The Sources:
All of the pollutants get used in big quantities everyday which eventually leads to them being released into the water, some of these get flushed down toilets
The Impacts:
Drugs that are inside human eaten animals could affect the animal's health and later on get to and affect the human's health
Identify if Point or Nonpoint Source Pollution:
Nonpoint
Identify if Persistent or Biodegradable:

Persistent
Identify if Acute or Chronic:
Chronic
Identify if it is primary or secondary:
Primary

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Summary
In Regência, a town in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo, there is a couple that has an eco-tourism business. This business is about renting kayaks and giving a tour by the turtles at night. But there was a brown tide of mud and iron-ore residue oozing down the Rio Doce from a mine 300 miles away reached the outskirts of Regência on its destructive journey to the Atlantic Ocean. The mud plume is expected to disperse along the coast around six miles south of Regência, two miles north and 1.5 miles out to sea. However, the damage made by the tide is uncertain, and know the economic life of the town depends on the review that is in threat.

Pollutants
iron-ore residue oozing (Secondary Pollutants)

Sources
Agriculture

The Impacts
It will affect the economic life of the village. It will cause meaningful damage to marine life in the area.

Identify if Point or Non-Point Source Pollution
It is a non-point source pollutant because of the excessive iron-ore residue oozing.

Identify if Persistent or Biodegradable
It is persistent because the toxic substances have a negative impact on human health and the environment all over the village affecting marine life.

Identify if Acute or Chronic
It is acute because of the large amounts of pollutants are released at one time. Results are harming humans and environments

It is secondary because of the pollutants which undergo chemical changes in the environment as a result of reactions to the mining.

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Dirty lies: how the car industry hid the truth about diesel emissions

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Dirty lies: how the car industry hid the truth about diesel emissions

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isabela Murgueytio
Summary

An experiment was completed to see if diesel contaminated less than other gas lines. It was conducted on a Volkswagen jetta, the result showed that the pollution emitted from the Jetta’s tailpipe was 15 times the allowed limit. John German was the head conductor of the experiment, since he believed that this was a serious accusation to an important company like Volkswagen he kept quiet about his results. He chose the company's economic stability instead of the truth. When discovering this and running new tests, the EPA threatened the company to withhold their certification for the market, meaning they were not allowed to sell them in the US nor under US regulations anymore. It was a systematic violation, not only VW were guilty but all the cars that used diesel surpassed the limited emissions. This had consequences all around the world, mostly in the US and Europe. Some leading countries like China are demanding a new revolution for clean cars

The pollutants:

-Diesel produces carbon dioxide emissions

The Sources

- cars that use diesel as their gas

The Impacts:

It has several impacts, starting with human health. The air quality was so bad that many people in England and other parts of Europe developed lung diseases, constant headaches, and respiratory diseases. Another impact is how it affected the earth, with emissions surpassing 40 times the limit, there is such a dense amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from this diesel emissions that it heavily contributes to global warming.

Identify if Point or Nonpoint Source Pollution:

It has a point source which is cars, volcanoes, factories, cigarettes. all of this things contain components that emit carbon dioxide into the earths atmosphere.

Identify if Persistent or Biodegradable

It is persistent, there is no way to biodegrade diesel, even with burning it it harms the earth even more.

Identify if Acute or Chronic

It is chronic, though it was discovered in this century that it is permanent pollution.

Identify if it is primary or secondary:

It is a primary source because the carbon dioxide is not mixed with any other component.

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Bangalore's lake of toxic foam - Francisca Aguirre

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Bangalore's lake of toxic foam - Francisca Aguirre

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Summary:
This article addresses the current situation of Bangalore's lake, an Indian city lake that is currently been affected by toxic chemicals in the form of foam, sewage pollutants, and industrial waste, that is causing the formation of toxic and harmful snowy froth in the lake. According to citizens, the river used to be an interconnected river system that provided a source of water, however, throughout the ingrowth of the civilization in this Indian territory, the river has become polluted by harmful and toxic chemicals such as nitrates, potassium, and sulfates, directly contaminating this water source and causing harmful damages and inconvenience over the citizen’s lifestyle. It is known that the snowy froth from the pollutants in the lake, creates toxic foam overflows over the urban areas which increases the risks of inconveniences and human health issues such as skin irritation when getting in contact with the toxic foam. It is as well known that industrial waste such as oil and grease also pollutes the lake, causing fires and other urban complications. Although the local government has been on point with this polluting issue, there has not been any major solution to this concerning water pollution problem.

The Pollutants:
Sewage
Industrial waste (oils and grease)
Toxic chemicals (nitrates, potassium, sulphates)

The Sources:
Industry
Growing Civilization
Lack  of Lake Treatment

The Impacts:
As more snowy froth is created due to toxic chemicals and waste produced by industry and the growing civilization in the area, the lake pollutes at a higher scale causing overflows of froth and spills on the urban areas near the lake, causing blockades on the adjacent canals, contaminating the lake’s water source for the city, risky inconvenience on the regular circulation of vehicles, dangerous health issues, including irritations in the skin, and risky levels of city fires due to industrial waste thrown into the lake’s water.

Identify if Point or Non-Point Source Pollution:
Bangalore’s polluted lake with toxic chemicals in the form of foam can be considered as non-point source pollution since the lake pollution comes from different external factors that contaminate the water, such as toxic chemicals, waste coming from industrial processes, and sewage pollutants coming from different areas of the city’s wastes, which as a whole end up dumped in the lake.

Identify if Persistent or Biodegradable:
Bangalore’s polluted lake with toxic chemicals and industrial waste in the form of foam can be considered as persistent organic pollutants since they adversely affect human health and stay persistent trhough long periods in the environment which in the long term accumulate and causes the creation of mass toxic froth that pollutes the lake’s water and generates other environmental and human issues.

Identify if Acute or Chronic:
Bangalore’s polluted lake with toxic chemicals and industrial waste in the form of foam can be considered as chronic pollution since toxic chemicals polluting the water of the lake is a polluting issue known to be occurring repeatedly throughout time and in higher scales, causing permanent pollution caused by the powerful and harmful chemicals and industrial waste continuously thrown into the lake.

Identify if it is primary or secondary: Bangalore’s polluted lake with toxic chemicals and industrial waste in the form of foam can be considered as primary pollutants since the toxic chemicals and industrial waste such as oil and grease polluting the lake’s water are pollutants directly emitted from the sources of production, industrialization, and civilization.

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Summary: The governor of California has declared a state of emergency for one of the suburbs in Los Angeles. This was caused by a methane leak from an underground storage field. The company responsible for the leak is called Southern California gas company or also known as SoCal Gas, they aren't sure as to the nature of the leak. However, this issue has caused families to evacuate their homes until the issue is fixed.
Pollutants: The main pollutant, in this case, is methane. The main component of natural gases. It is known as being a very strong greenhouse gas that is capable of trapping solar radiation in the atmosphere. In addition, methane is part of the short-lived climate pollutants category.
Sources: The methane leak has been linked with the underground storage field in Porter Ranch on the outskirts of Los Angeles. The leak took place 500ft below the surface, within a pipe.
Impacts: The main impact caused by this issue is the reallocation of families. Since the area is extremely polluted citizens have been suffering from health issues, headaches, nausea, vomiting, and trouble breathing. With this being said, over 2,000 families have been allocated from their homes and over 6,000 have applied for help.
Identify if Point or Non-Point Source: Pollution: This is a point source of pollution since the methane leak is pollution caused through an underground pipe. The gas is spread through one single point.
Identify if Persistent or Biodegradable: While methane is a very potent greenhouse gas it belongs in the category of gases called short-lived climate pollutants. With this being said, it eventually decomposes. Therefore, it's considered biodegradable.
Identify if Acute or Chronic: This methane leak is considered an acute pollutant/pollution. From the moment the leak happened the governor demanded a state of emergency and the health effects it had on humans were short-termed. Mainly headaches which are accurate.
Identify if it is primary or secondary: Methane is considered a primary pollutant since its emitted directly from a single source. In this case from the pipe leak.

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Photochemical smog creeps back on hot, still days. NICOLAS MORAL

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Photochemical smog creeps back on hot, still days. NICOLAS MORAL

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Summary:
There is something called photochemical smog. In a very short explanation it is when smog, contamination from factories, cars, even air pollution that comes from China, meets very intense UV rays from the Sun. This causes irritation in the eyes, throat and skin it gives dizziness, headaches, fever and even difficulty to breathe.
Pollutant and Sources:
The pollutants are nitrogen oxides and  organic compounds in exhausts from factories and vehicles running on internal
combustion engines.
The Impacts:
They pose health risks for exposed people and made a monitoring procedure to warn people about locations where photochemical smog is present and could cause a risk to any citizen.

It is a nonpoint source pollution because it is contamination that can not be stopped or not at least in the near future and can happen anywhere all it takes is the combination between air pollution and UV sunlight.

They are persistent CO2 air pollutants that cause this problems.

This is chronic pollution because it has been here for years and won't really stop anytime soon.

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Summary: The flint river flowing through the middle of Michigan has been an unofficial dump for many factories and companies for many years, making it a chronic problem. It has been causing residents of Flint to be lead sick, causing them to be in harm just by washing food or taking showers. It is a persistent issue that will have impacts on many generations present and future in Flint. It is a non point source pollution since it comes from many different companies and it is a primary source.

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Chemical pollution is causing brain damage in polar bears - Victoria Valdivieso 

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Chemical pollution is causing brain damage in polar bears - Victoria Valdivieso 

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Summary

Man-made chemicals end up in the Arctic food chain where they mess with the polar bears' brains. Perfluorinated compounds disturb different signal molecules and enzymes in the brains of polar bears. Affects behaviour, hormonal balance and ability to survive in an already hostile environment. Polar bears' nervous and hormonal systems should -- ideally -- not be disturbed in any way. Scientists believe it could affect humans too. Perfluorinated chemicals are associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer among Greenland women.

The pollutants

Man-made chemicals that go to the Arctic, and Perfluorinated compounds that is in Polar Bears food.

The Sources

Through consuming infected foods or drinking sewage water. Fish, meat, milk products, and plants, such as grains, have all been found to contain PFCs. Plants appear to be able to absorb PFCs from contaminated soil.

The Impacts

The chemicals have an impact on the bears' systems that affects their brain, which controls their behavior , hormones balance, and ability to live in a dangerous conditions, polar bears are all affected and are implicated in everything from pairing to food hunting.

Identify if Point or Non-Point Source Pollution

Because man-made chemicals come from all over the world, in a variety of locations, so it is a non-point source.

Identify if Persistent or Biodegradable

Perfluorinated compounds are biodegradable to some extent, but only to a limited level since biodegradation is incomplete and mineralization may not occur.

Identify if Acute or Chronic

This situation is chronic since polar bears' brain harm is permanent and could lead to their extinction.

Identifiy if it is primary or secondary

It is classified as a secondary pollutant because it is man-made and contains a variety of substances that are harmful to polar bears.
Victoria Valdivieso

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Summary:

Agriculture and farmers have been using pesticides for a long time to protect their crops. Recent research has shown that the most used pesticides are the ones causing a lot of harm to the population of pollutants such as bees. The whole role of this insect is being affected by the neonics pesticides, but more specially Bayer’s imidacloprid. This insecticide is used in acres of farmland of different products such as: vegetables and fruit, corn, cotton and more. However, bees are mostly affected when this pesticide is used in soy beans since they are very attracted to this vegetation because of nectar and pollen. Imidacloprid insecticide is one of the most used around the world and it is  causing a negative impact on the population of bees, this is why there have been multiple studies to make a change and help the bees.

The pollutants: Neonicotinoids more specifically Bayer’s imidacloprid insecticide.

Source: farmers and their crops of different plants or products.

The impact: As bees are very important pollutants for the environment they are in constant contact with crops that have pesticides such as neonicotinoids or imidacloprid. This has a negative impact because it is reducing the population of bees, meaning that the production of honey is also decreasing and there is no correct and stable  pollination of all the plants.

Neonicotinoids are a point source pollutant because it comes from one source that are farmers  who use imidacloprid insecticide in the plantations. It can be controlled by reducing the use of this pollutant or even eliminating the use of this pollutant.

This pollutant can be considered a persistent organic pollutant since it is applied in the plantations and it stays there.

In this case the pesticides are chronic pollutants because they have been used repeatedly throughout a large period of time and in different places of the world.

Neonicotinoids are inside the category of primary pollutants because they are applied directly to the plants or nature creating harm and a negative impact on living organisms such as bees. Also, these pollutants don't pass through any chemical changes.

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Heavy metal poisoning in Scotland's beached whales. Esteban Leon 

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Heavy metal poisoning in Scotland's beached whales. Esteban Leon 

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A pod of whales got stranded in Fife (Scotland) in 2012, had high levels of toxic chemicals concentrated. Scientists discovered that these chemicals have reached mammals' brains. 31 whales were found on the coast, only 10 could be refloated and 21 - 16 females and 5 males died. Scientists said that this unique event allowed them to take a closer look into the effects of environmental pollutants on a pod of whales. Their research showed a correlation between the increased levels and the age of the mammals, they found out that toxic stress increases the longer the mammal lives. This suggests that whales are less susceptible to mercury exposure than humans, however, this does not mean that it can not affect them negatively. "It is known that cadmium can penetrate the blood-brain barrier in the newborn or developmental stages but it was not thought to do so in adults. Our findings are significant because we can demonstrate for the first time that cadmium is in the brain tissue and that its levels increase with age." (The Ecologist). The correlation between mercury concentration and age is evident when the study shows how mercury increased based on the age of the whale. Very high concentrations of mercury were found in whales older than 9 years and three of them had much higher levels of mercury than others. This amount of mercury could have neurological damage in humans.
Pollutants: mercury and cadmium.
Sources: industrial and mining waste
Impacts: whales develop high levels of mercury in their brain and cadmium in their system.
Identify if the point or non-point source pollutions: it is non-point source pollution since it affects the ocean biodiversity.
Identify if persistent or biodegradable: mercury and cadmium are persistent since it does not vanish completely.
Identify if acute or chronic: chronic because whales absorb it.
Identify if is primary or secondary: primary source.

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U.S. Senate passes ban on plastic microbeads - Luciana Valverde 

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U.S. Senate passes ban on plastic microbeads - Luciana Valverde 

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Summary: The congress has approve a bill to phase out the production and sales of this microbeads that are used in numerous products. This microbeads are damaging the environment by causing big time pollution in the lakes all over the nation and in July, 2017 the Microbead-Free Waters are going to band the production of this plastics in the sales of cosmetics and over the counter drugs in July 2019. This microbeads are entering the filtration system at wastewater treatment plants and have being found at high concentrations in the Great Lakes. The microbeads are entering the food chain as is affecting fishes and wildlife populations that live in the lakes and consume these tiny micro plastics that are around the water. Which this bipartisan bill is important to keep and protect wildlife and lakes, as well as all the environment and human life.
Pollutants: The plastic that are transformed as microbeads.
Source: Microbeads are used in abrasive exfoliants, toothpastes and facial cleaners. This products end up in waterways and lakes after being used as they rinse down the drain.
Impacts: Fishes and wildlife populations consume the microbeads that are toxic for them and then humans it the fishes and the plastic end up in humans organisms, meaning microbeads enter the food chain.
- Are non-Point Source of pollution since microbeads are used in many ways as products and affects the lakes ecosystem.
- Microbeads are persistent pollutants since they absorbed pollutants around them.
- Microbeads are chronic pollutants because animals eat it and is really difficult to extract from lakes or oceans since they are really tiny. It took a lot of time to ban the use of microbeads.
- Microbeads are a secondary pollutant since they absorbed pollutants