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Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism for Social Development

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YESTD aims to support student exchange and educational learning activities. Educational tourism is one of the forms of tourism, and is a way to give best education to students learning and to enhance knowledge. The growing popularity of attaining knowledge and technical competencies from the world's best destinations has resulted in increase in education tourism. Tourism includes domestic as well as international travel, but international movement is important for any nation due to implications on country's balance of payments. Many countries receive huge foreign exchange from their tourists. And on the other hand, it is draining income of the other country. So, tourism has a two way impact, positive for country receiving tourists and negative for the country who's people are going out and spending. Tourism has been categorized into many categories depending on the purpose for which it occurs. Tourism may be experiential tourism, mass tourism, medical tourism, education tourism, creative tourism, social tourism and many more.

At the end of every academic year, educational institutes, schools, colleges or campus and university, YESTD hosts educational trip and learning events as nationally and internationally. Study opportunity is the best and sustainable way of tourism industry and is one of the fastest growing areas of the travel and tourism professionals and marketers. An education and capacity building is the alternative way of career enhancement and job creation or self-actualization experiences. Educational tourism then comes in a wide variety of formats, yet despite the differences all forms of educational tourism have a number of points in common. Among these are, the idea that travel is as much about self-improvement as it is about relaxation, that learning can be fun, and that learning is for people of all ages.
YESTD has been working and hosts international events for School trips and Teach Vacation Tour, Seminar Vacations, Workshop and Conference. Also, it arranges skill enhancement vacation and support to Academic, Thesis Research and Survey base in Nepal.
The movement of students for achieving educational knowledge and practical skill, particularly higher education has been on an increase. We facilitate financing facilities, immigration rules, cost of living, hostel facilities are some of the important considerations for students who want to come Nepal. If you are interested to work together with us, please feel free further contact us.

Ashit BK

Email: info@yestd.com.np / ashit.bk@yestd.com.np

Mobile: +977 9849737943 (You can reach via Viber, WhatsApp, Telegram, Wechat & BOTIM)

Tel : +977 01 443 6710

Skype : ashitbk

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Educational Tourism - Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism for Social Development

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YESTD aims to support student exchange and educational learning activities. Educational tourism is one of the forms of tourism, and is a way to give best education to students learning and to enhance knowledge. The growing popularity of attaining knowledge and technical competencies from the world's best destinations has resulted in increase in education tourism.

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Sporttoerisme: De weg naar een positiever bestemmingsimago?

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Sporttoerisme: De weg naar een positiever bestemmingsimago?

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What it is: Sports tourism is a type of tourism activity which refers to the travel experience of the tourist who either observes as a spectator or actively participates in a sporting event generally involving commercial and non-commercial activities of a competitive nature.

Why it Matters: Sports tourism is a fundamental axis, generating around 10% of the world's expenditure on tourism. It has an estimated growth rate of 17.5% between 2023-2030, moving masses intra and intercontinentally. Sports tourism can promote social, economic and environmental action, it accelerates development and can leave a long-lasting positive legacy.

Sports and Tourism are interrelated and complementary. Today, sports tourism is one of the fastest-growing sectors in tourism. More and more tourists are interested in sport activities during their trips whether sports are the main objective of travel or not. Sport events of various kinds and sizes attract tourists as participants or spectators and destinations try to add local flavours to them to distinguish themselves and provide authentic local experiences. Mega sport events such as the Olympics and World Cups can be a catalyst for tourism development if successfully leveraged in terms of destination branding, infrastructure development and other economic and social benefits.

Sports tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors in tourism. More and more tourists are interested in sport activities during their trips whether sports are the main objective of travel or not. Sport events of various kinds and sizes attract tourists as participants or spectators and destinations try to add local flavours to them to distinguish themselves and provide authentic local experiences. Mega sport events such as Olympics and World Cups can be a catalyst for tourism development if successfully leveraged in terms of destination branding, infrastructure development and other economic and social benefits.

Sports Tourism Events

UPCOMING SPORTS TOURISM EVENTS

UNWTO PUBLICATIONS ON SPORTS TOURISM

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Sports tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors in tourism. More and more tourists are interested in sport activities during their trips whether sports are the main objective of travel or not. Sport events of various kinds and sizes attract tourists as participants or spectators and destinations try to add local flavours to them to distinguish themselves and provide authentic local experiences.

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""From Kosher Oreos to the gentrification of Mexican cusine, from the charismatic cook of Basque communities in Spain and the United States to the mainstreaming of southwestern foodways, Culinary Tourism maps a lively cultural and intellectual terrain."" -- from the foreword by Barbara Kirshenblatt-GimblettCulinary Tourism is the first book to consider food as both a destination and a means for tourism.

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Some travel to take in the sights, or to raid the shops and markets, while others travel in pursuit of indulging in unique cuisine in foreign lands. Culinary tourism is a growing trend as travellers are becoming increasingly focused on defining cuisine as a true artistic expression of a country's culture.

What is culinary tourism?

Culinary tourism is simply travelling beyond your immediate neighbourhood to find great food. As mentioned by the Ontario Culinary Tourism Alliance (OCTA), culinary tourism includes any "tourism experience in which a person learns about, appreciates, consumes, or- dare we say- indulges in food and drink that reflects the local cuisine, heritage, or culture of the place". The further you travel, the wider the range of culinary experiences enjoyed. It is not about the food you eat; food tourism is not necessarily about dining luxuriously, but more about eating adventurously to seek out new culinary experiences.

Why does culinary tourism matter?

Culinary tourism is central to modern tourism and directly contributes to a country's hospitality industry and economy. It is important from the country and culture's perspective to develop their food culture in order to support the growing trend of culinary tourism. As food is a reflection of a culture's eating habits, and intern a destination's culture, history, and people. Countries or districts are often associated with particular food; Italy with pizza and pasta, Japan with ramen, India with fragrant curry, and so on. People from different cultural backgrounds eat different foods and a taste trekker embraces this fact and is eager to learn more about different cultures and their cuisine.

Driven by the growing trends of authenticity, food has become a significant aspect in a tourist's experience of a destination. No matter how busy the day may be or how tired you are, you will still find the time to sit down and have a meal. Whether travellers sit down and dine at a restaurant with company or walk along the street and savour the local street food, they are always seen taking photos and capturing the moments. When they look back on their holiday, they will remember the memorable food they had and the experiences behind it.

While travelling and on holiday, food becomes a social occasion for busy people to connect with family and friends and create a 'time oasis'. It is a time for families to enjoy a meal together, and to chat about their day. Ian Yeoman, Associate Professor at Victoria University School of Management, suggests that as consumers desire for new experiences increases, the need for 'authentic' experiences become more important. Authenticity in food is about food that is "simple, rooted in the region, natural, ethical, beautiful and human- all of the making for a food tourism destination".

While culinary tourism focuses on food products, gastro-tourism extends beyond what we eat. It includes how we eat, where and when we eat, and the reason behind eating a particular food. It allows food tourists and taste trekkers to learn about the food in detail, just like the paddock to plate concept. Food is the motivation for travel for gastro-tourists and the locations are just the stop-overs to the next foodie destination. The gastronomic experiences are often hands-on and offer behind-the-scene experiences.

Top culinary tourism trends

The 2013 American Culinary Travel Report by Mandala Research showed that the percentage of U.S. leisure travellers who travel to enjoy unique dining experiences grew from 40% to 51% between 2006 and 2013. This study was only conducted on Americans but if there was a significant increase in just the U.S., imagine the growth of culinary tourism across the world.

The role of celebrity chefs and media has no doubt influenced the increase in culinary tourism. People want to go to places and eat the food as seen on television screen and social media. Everyone posts the food they eat while on holiday on various social media platforms and entice their friends or followers to try it when they are in that country in the future. With the internet and social media being a big factor and possibly the most influential marketing method, peer-to-peer dining apps have been emerging and are gaining popularity.

Eatwith was created in 2012 and is a platform for food-lovers to gather at a host's house and dig into top-quality home-cooked food. It is the "Airbnb of dinner parties" and is essentially a dinner party of complete strangers that share one thing; their love for food. Of course, the private chefs are verified by the team at Eatwith and their cooking and hosting skills must be approved before they can host a dinner party. Similarly, Feastly allows "feasters" to discover pop-up meals advertised by home chefs with their mouth-watering menus and competitive prices. Food tourists can consider these unique ways of getting into a different culture and experiencing their cuisine with new friends.

An interesting activity that everyone should have on their bucket list is going on a cycling tour to experience that city's culinary landscape. In New Zealand itself, there are cycling tours that take cyclists through vineyards and as most of them are free-and-easy, cyclists have opportunities to visit the winery and cellar door before riding on to the next vineyard. You get to take in the beautiful scenery, have the wind in your hair, and work off all the food you have eaten on your trip. Food tourists can go beercycling in Belgium and for the real food adventurer, the 10-day Flanders Discovery Tour is packed with brewery visits, gourmet beer-cooked meals, and an extravaganza of cheeses, in different cities in Northeast Belgium. You will definitely work that beer belly off!

Travellers are more knowledgeable and are becoming more interested in different cuisines and cultures. They desire more than simple sightseeing and crave for richer and diverse experiences. Hence, the rise of activities, like food cycling tours and farm visits, catering to the international food tourism industry.

On my holiday to Cambodia, I attended a one-day cooking class on the local cuisine and it was coupled with a trip to the market, where we got to learn about the local ingredients and their history. We had our own work stations and the class was held in an outdoor rooftop kitchen! In just a few hours, I learnt to make fish amok, khmer spring rolls, and mango sticky rice. Besides simply eating on holiday, it was a great experience to learn how the locals make the dishes and the meanings behind each dish.

Local festivals that encourage culinary tourism

Across the globe, wine, beer, and food festivals turn a particular city or country into a food destination. Oktoberfest in Munich, Melbourne Wine and Food Festival, Savour in Singapore, and Maine Lobster Fest in Rockland, U.S. These are just some of the famous festivals that attract taste trekkers to make their way there just for these annual events.

To turn New Zealand into a gastro-destination, we have the Hokitika Wildfoods Festival, Toast Martinborough, Bluff Oyster Festival, Whitiange Scallop Festival, and Food and Wine Classic (F.A.W.C!). These festivals promote and showcase the country's fine wine and good food. Wellington alone as the upcoming Visa Wellington On a Plate (WOAP) and Beervana to convert this little windy city into a foodie destination for taste trekkers.

For food and wine lovers who are interested in discovering the regional red wines in detail and how to pair them with ingredients, Le Cordon Bleu New Zealand has collaborated with Wellington's very own regions- Martinborough, Gladstone, and Masterton- to create "Simply Red", a WOAP event that pairs regional red wines with French fine-dining food by the students at Le Cordon Bleu. And for the bubbly people, "Fizzingly Fantastic" is another WOAP event by Le Cordon Bleu that matches seven courses of classic French food with various types of Champagne.

Food plays a huge role in the way people travel today and besides filling a person's tummy, it satisfies your desire to try new things and provides insight into a country's culture. Food has turned cities into destinations and given us even more reasons to pack our suitcases and travel.

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Some travel to take in the sights, or to raid the shops and markets, while others travel in pursuit of indulging in unique cuisine in foreign lands. Culinary tourism is a growing trend as travellers are becoming increasingly focused on defining cuisine as a true artistic expression of a country's culture.

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Wat doen in Kuala Lumpur - Beste dingen om te doen in Kuala Lumpur in 2021 - Withlocals

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Zie de highlights en verborgen juweeltjes van Kuala Lumpur met een local aan je zijde. Lokale tours & reiservaringen van 2021 in Kuala Lumpur wachten op jou!

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This study examines whether food is a special interest or mainstream tourism product. Much of the research on special interest tourism examines the activity in isolation of the broader suite of products available in the destination mix. Such a myopic approach may produce impressive looking numbers, but may not define viable market segments. Instead, based on their research findings, the authors argue that a more holistic approach is required to examine food tourism within the context of other products in the destination to determine its value. Overall, this study suggests that consuming food may be a ubiquitous activity for most visitors to sophisticated urban destinations and may not be representative of a specialist segment.

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Food Tourism as a Viable Market Segment: It's All How You Cook the Numbers!

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This study examines whether food is a special interest or mainstream tourism product. Much of the research on special interest tourism examines the activity in isolation of the broader suite of products available in the destination mix. Such a myopic approach may produce impressive looking numbers, but may not define viable market segments.

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In samenwerking met een gerenommeerde reisorganisatie verzorgen wij geheel georganiseerde, en op maat gemaakte schoolreizen en skikampen naar onder andere Spanje, Engeland, Duitsland, België, Oostenrijk, Frankrijk en Italië voor diverse scholengemeenschappen in onze regio. Onder meer Bernardinus College en Charlemagne College maken regelmatig gebruik van onze expertise en ons aanbod. Alle bij ons geboekte reizen vallen uiteraard onder de voorwaarden van de ANVR, SGR en calamiteitenfonds en bij busreizen wordt uitsluitend gebruik gemaakt van touringcars voorzien van het Keurmerk Touringcarbedrijven.

Een schoolreis verrijkt. Leerlingen leren op een andere manier andere culturen en landen kennen. Voor veel leerlingen is het zelfs een eerste kennismaking met het buitenland. Een schoolreis verbroedert en men leert leerlingen op een andere manier kennen. Of de reis nu toeristisch van aard is of een vakinhoudelijk thema heeft, het is altijd vormend voor de leerlingen. Een mooie schoolreis is daarnaast ook nog eens reclame voor de school.

Wij weten daarbij als geen ander wat er allemaal komt kijken bij het organiseren van een schoolreis en welke extra belasting en stress dit kan opleveren voor de docenten die dit met hele goede bedoelingen en veel plezier doen. Het programma moet goed zijn. De logistiek moet geregeld worden. Administratief komt er veel bij kijken. En ook dient uiteraard het budget te worden bewaakt. Daarnaast is de werkdruk in het onderwijs erg hoog. Wij ontlasten de organiserende docenten en kunnen de volledige organisatie van de schoolreis van A tot Z uit handen nemen.

Wat is het doel van de schoolreis? Wij denken met u mee voor een goed programma! Afhankelijk van de doelstelling kan een schoolreis naar bijvoorbeeld Berlijn, Barcelona, Parijs, Londen, Praag of Rome er voor de ene school heel anders uitzien dan voor de andere school. Vandaar dat wij geen kant-en-klare programma's aanbieden. Wij denken graag met u mee om de juiste onderdelen in het programma in te bouwen die recht doen aan de doelstelling van de schoolreis. Van algemene, toeristische, programma's tot aan vakinhoudelijke programma's. Zelfs een meerdaags skikamp naar de sneeuw behoort tot de mogelijkheden.

Wij verzorgen dus niet alleen reis en verblijf maar kunnen u ook de organisatie van alle overige zaken waaronder excursies volledig uit handen nemen, waarbij we het doel van de reis natuurlijk niet uit het oog verliezen.

Wij reageren snel op uw vragen zodat (interne) vragen niet lang op het bordje blijven liggen. Kortom: wij ontzorgen u bij de organisatie van de hele schoolreis en bieden u een op maat gemaakt totaalpakket per reis aan.

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In samenwerking met een gerenommeerde reisorganisatie verzorgen wij geheel georganiseerde, en op maat gemaakte schoolreizen en skikampen naar onder andere Spanje, Engeland, Duitsland, België, Oostenrijk, Frankrijk en Italië voor diverse scholengemeenschappen in onze regio. Onder meer Bernardinus College en Charlemagne College maken regelmatig gebruik van onze expertise en ons aanbod.

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Educational Tourism » Meaning, Definition, History, Types, Benifits

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Educational tourism is an increasingly popular new trend in the global tourism industry. The concept of a wide range of educational tourism, it has been

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Music, Tourism and the Transformation of Memphis

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Music, Tourism and the Transformation of Memphis

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(2007). Music, Tourism and the Transformation of Memphis. Tourism Geographies: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 160-190.

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World Food Travel Association | Authority on Food & Beverage

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World Food Travel Association - the world’s leading authority on food tourism and beverage tourism.

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Duurzaamheid kent een belangrijke rol binnen sportevenementen en sporttoerisme. Groene innovaties zijn dan ook cruciaal om deze onderdelen van de sportsector op de been te houden, nu en in de toekomst. Tijdens dit webinar komen o.a. sprekers aan het woord over Formula-E Eindhoven, de Tour de France en het WK Skiën.

Ben jij benieuwd naar hoe dergelijke grote evenementen omgaan met duurzaamheid? Of zie jij hier zelf kansen in?
Meld je dan hier aan voor het webinar! 19 mei, energie-efficiëntie & duurzaamheid van sportevenementen & sporttoerisme:
10.00-10.10 uur: welkom & introductie (Maurici Carbó, Founder and Director of Sports Tourism Consulting)
10.10-10.30 uur: Het belang van de transitie naar duurzame sportevenementen ( Cristina Bajet - Energy consultant at Ecoserveis)
10.30-10.50 uur: Groene uitdagingen voor grote sportevenementen (Stephane Bazire - Founder Director at We Green)
10.50-12.00 uur: Deel 2. Case studies

12.10-12.10 uur: Conclusies & Vervolgstappen
Over de reeks webinars:
Samen met andere projectpartners organiseert Sport & Technology binnen het SmartSports4GoodLife-project de reeks webinars "Op weg naar een groene transitie in de sportsector". Tijdens deze reeks webinars zullen verschillende onderwerpen besproken worden met betrekking tot energie-efficiëntie en duurzaamheid:

11 mei (10.00-12.00h CET): Het verbeteren van de e nergie-efficiëntie van zwembaden en watersporten

12 mei (10.00-12.30h CET): Het optimaliseren van de energie-efficiëntie in sportfaciliteiten

19 mei (10.00-12.10h CET): Het verbeteren van de duurzaamheid in sportevenementen en sporttoerisme

Naast de webinars zelf, is het na ieder webinar ook mogelijk om in gesprek te gaan met de sprekers. Deze gesprekken zullen later ingepland worden o.b.v. persoonlijke agenda's. Dit kun je aangeven in het aanmeldformulier.
Hulp nodig bij het aanmelden? Stuur ons een berichtje viainfo@sportsandtechnology.com

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Energie-efficiëntie & duurzaamheid in sportevenementen & sporttoerisme (webinar) - Cluster Sports & Technology

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Duurzaamheid kent een belangrijke rol binnen sportevenementen en sporttoerisme. Groene innovaties zijn dan ook cruciaal om deze onderdelen van de sportsector op de been te houden, nu en in de toekomst. Tijdens dit webinar komen o.a. sprekers aan het woord over Formula-E Eindhoven, de Tour de France en het WK Skiën.

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 15% of the world’s population (1 billion people) lives with some form of disability. Accessibility for all to tourism facilities, products, and services should be a central part of any responsible and sustainable tourism policy.
Accessibility is not…

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According to the latest report by IMARC Group, titled "Culinary Tourism Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2021-2026," the global culinary tourism market reached a value of US$ XX Billion in 2020. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to grow at a CAGR of XX% during 2021-2026.

Culinary tourism, also known as food tourism, is a form of travel where travelers visit novel or tourist places to explore the local culture through traditional food and authentic dishes. It includes activities like cooking classes, food festivals, culinary trials, farm weekends and guided food trips. Culinary tourism also provides an enhanced experience of dining and tasting novel foods, thereby increasing the demand for local cuisines, and creating social and cultural awareness.
We are regularly tracking the direct effect of COVID-19 on the market, along with the indirect influence of associated industries. These observations will be integrated into the report. Request Free Sample Report (Exclusive Offer on this report): Global Culinary Tourism Market Trends: https://www.imarcgroup.com/culinary-tourism-market/requestsample Ask Analyst for Instant Discount and Download Full Report with TOC & List of Figure: Global Culinary Tourism Market 2021-2026 Analysis and Segmentation: Competitive Landscape with Key Player: https://www.imarcgroup.com/culinary-tourism-market
The global culinary tourism market is primarily driven by the expanding tourism and hospitality industries and rising disposable incomes. Additionally, food and travel bloggers are increasingly engaging in culinary tourism to create awareness regarding local cuisines, thereby contributing to the market growth. Furthermore, the growing consumer interest in traveling to exotic destinations with prevalent food culture and the implementation of favorable government policies promoting culinary tourism have bolstered the market growth. Other factors, including the availability of convenient and budget-friendly traveling and accommodation facilities, and strong social media influence, are also anticipated to propel the market growth.
Breakup by Activity Type:
The competitive landscape of the industry has also been examined along with the profiles of the key players being
Breakup by Tour Type: Breakup by Age Group: Breakup by Mode of Booking:

Abercrombie & Kent Group of Companies S.A.

Butterfield and Robinson Inc.

Classic Journeys LLC

G Adventures

Gourmet On Tour Ltd.

Greaves Travel L.L.C.

International Culinary Tours

ITC Travel Group Limited

The Ftc4Lobe Group

Topdeck Travel Limited

Tourradar.

Breakup by Region:

Culinary Trials

Cooking Classes

Restaurants

Food Festivals and Events

Others

Key Highlights of the Report:

Online Travel Agents

Traditional Agents

Direct Booking

North America (United States, Canada)

Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Others)

Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, Australia, Indonesia, Korea, Others)

Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, Others)

Middle East and Africa (United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iraq, Other)

Related Report: About Us:

Market Performance (2015-2020)

Market Outlook (2021-2026)

Porter's Five Forces Analysis

Market Drivers and Success Factors

SWOT Analysis

Value Chain

Comprehensive Mapping of the Competitive Landscape

Note: If you need specific information that is not currently within the scope of the report, we can provide it to you as a part of the customization.

IMARC Group is a leading market research company that offers management strategy and market research worldwide. We partner with clients in all sectors and regions to identify their highest-value opportunities, address their most critical challenges, and transform their businesses.

IMARC's information products include major market, scientific, economic and technological developments for business leaders in pharmaceutical, industrial, and high technology organizations. Market forecasts and industry analysis for biotechnology, advanced materials, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, travel and tourism, nanotechnology and novel processing methods are at the top of the company's expertise.

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Culinary Tourism Market, Share 2021, Trends, Size, and Forecast to 2026 - UK Parents Lounge

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According to the latest report by IMARC Group, titled "Culinary Tourism Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2021-2026," the global culinary tourism market reached a value of US$ XX Billion in 2020. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to grow at a CAGR of XX% during 2021-2026.

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A. Mohammed Abubakar is a Senior Research Assistant. He is doing his Doctorate degree (DBA) at the Business Administration Department, Eastern Mediterranean University. His research areas include e-learning, internet and social media marketing, macro and micro organization behavior.

Belal Hamed Shneikat, is PhD student at the Business Administration Department, Eastern Mediterranean University. His research areas include organizational behavior and human resources management.

Akile Yuvka was born in Kyrenia, Cyprus, on August 06, 1975. She received her B.S. degree in Information Technology and M.S. degree in Information Systems from the Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, in 1997 and 2002, respectively. She is doing her PhD. degree in Tourism Management in Eastern Mediterranean University and joined Eastern Mediterranean University as a Senior Lecturer in 2003. She is lecturing in the School of Computing and Technology. Her main research interests include computer programming and education.

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Motivational factors for educational tourism: A case study in Northern Cyprus

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A. Mohammed Abubakar is a Senior Research Assistant. He is doing his Doctorate degree (DBA) at the Business Administration Department, Eastern Mediterranean University. His research areas include e-learning, internet and social media marketing, macro and micro organization behavior. Belal Hamed Shneikat, is PhD student at the Business Administration Department, Eastern Mediterranean University.

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the University of Groningen research portal

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Cite this

Hartman, S., & Fokker, L. (2014). Sporttoerisme als aanjager van gebiedsontwikkeling: Leren van de Sportas . In K. de Bruijn, T. Vermeulen, D. Korteweg Maris, M. Rooijakkers, J. Oskam, K. van der Most, N. Heerschap, L. Mensink, & K. Breedveld (Eds.), Trendrapport toerisme, recreatie en vrije tijd 2014 (pp. 324-327). NRIT Media/CELTH/NBTC Holland Marketing .

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Hartman, S & Fokker, L 2014, Sporttoerisme als aanjager van gebiedsontwikkeling: Leren van de Sportas . in K de Bruijn, T Vermeulen, D Korteweg Maris, M Rooijakkers, J Oskam, K van der Most, N Heerschap, L Mensink & K Breedveld (eds), Trendrapport toerisme, recreatie en vrije tijd 2014. NRIT Media/CELTH/NBTC Holland Marketing , pp. 324-327.

Sporttoerisme als aanjager van gebiedsontwikkeling : Leren van de Sportas. / Hartman, S. ; Fokker, L.

Trendrapport toerisme, recreatie en vrije tijd 2014. ed. / K. de Bruijn; T. Vermeulen; D. Korteweg Maris; M. Rooijakkers; J. Oskam; K. van der Most; N. Heerschap; L. Mensink; K. Breedveld. NRIT Media/CELTH/NBTC Holland Marketing , 2014. p. 324-327.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter › Professional

TY - CHAP

T1 - Sporttoerisme als aanjager van gebiedsontwikkeling

T2 - Leren van de Sportas

AU - Hartman, S.

AU - Fokker, L.

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

M3 - Chapter

SP - 324

EP - 327

BT - Trendrapport toerisme, recreatie en vrije tijd 2014

A2 - de Bruijn, K.

A2 - Vermeulen, T.

A2 - Korteweg Maris, D.

A2 - Rooijakkers, M.

A2 - Oskam, J.

A2 - van der Most, K.

A2 - Heerschap, N.

A2 - Mensink, L.

A2 - Breedveld, K.

PB - NRIT Media/CELTH/NBTC Holland Marketing

ER -

Hartman S, Fokker L. Sporttoerisme als aanjager van gebiedsontwikkeling: Leren van de Sportas . In de Bruijn K, Vermeulen T, Korteweg Maris D, Rooijakkers M, Oskam J, van der Most K, Heerschap N, Mensink L, Breedveld K, editors, Trendrapport toerisme, recreatie en vrije tijd 2014. NRIT Media/CELTH/NBTC Holland Marketing . 2014. p. 324-327

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Sporttoerisme als aanjager van gebiedsontwikkeling: Leren van de Sportas

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Hartman, S., & Fokker, L. (2014). Sporttoerisme als aanjager van gebiedsontwikkeling: Leren van de Sportas . In K. de Bruijn, T. Vermeulen, D. Korteweg Maris, M. Rooijakkers, J. Oskam, K. van der Most, N. Heerschap, L. Mensink, & K. Breedveld (Eds.), Trendrapport toerisme, recreatie en vrije tijd 2014 (pp. 324-327).

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Abroad

When departure day arrives, you can pack your bags, relax and just go! Your ACIS Tour Manager will take it from there, entertaining and educating your students, managing logistics and guiding your group on an unforgettable journey.

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Quality Educational Travel For Students | ACIS Educational Tours

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When departure day arrives, you can pack your bags, relax and just go! Your ACIS Tour Manager will take it from there, entertaining and educating your students, managing logistics and guiding your group on an unforgettable journey.

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Sports tourism is a very diverse market. Sports events fans, as well as group and individual participation in sports are important niches. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the sports tourism market. Before COVID-19, sports-related tourism was one of the biggest growth segments in tourism. We expect many opportunities to reappear in the coming years, especially for individual participation in sports, which contributes the most to sustainable and stable revenues.

1. Product description

Sports tourism involves travel to watch, practice or compete in a sporting activity or event. It can be segmented into nine niches:

Among these, sports tourism trips is the most important niche, because it covers all sports. A sports tourism trip is defined as a holiday for the purpose of watching a major sporting event, such as the Olympic Games, or participating in an organised sporting event or activity, as part of a group or as an individual. The sports tourism trip consists of three specialist niches:

attenders of mega sports events

group participation in sports

individual sports participants

Figure 1: The niches, specialist niches and passion groups of sports tourism

This study provides an overview of sports tourism as mentioned in figure 1, but mainly focuses on sports tourism trips. Some niches, such as cycling tourism, diving tourism and physical wellness tourism, are covered in separate CBI studies.

Sports tourism represents about 10% of the global expenditure on tourism. Europe was the largest market in the global sport tourism industry in 2018, according to VynZ research, followed by North America. The global sports tourism market was valued at €1.5 billion in 2018 and was expected to grow to close to €7 billion by 2023, which is an average annual growth rate of 36%, making it the fastest growing tourism market.

However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the European outbound tourism market in general is expected to shrink by 39% in 2020, but recover almost fully in 2021. Of course, these estimates depend on the duration and impact of the pandemic.

The opportunities in outbound sports tourism trips from Europe vary by niche. Individual participation in sports offers the most opportunities for sustainable revenues, but other niches also provide opportunities. In addition to the three main segments, we will also discuss sports heritage and nostalgia.

Fans of mega sports events

Mega sports events make up a substantial part of the sports tourism market. Some of the biggest sports events, such as the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games, provide great opportunities. In terms of tourism development, these events can be catalysts of economic opportunities, when there is proper use of destination branding and infrastructure development.

Many mega sports events are highly unsustainable from a tourism perspective. Some lead to overtourism, but only for a very short period of time. Others require a lot of infrastructure that is soon abandoned afterwards. However, the actual game or event is not always the main reason for travellers visiting mega sports events. Some events which are not mega events, like Wimbledon, also attract a lot of travellers for their heritage and traditional value, while other events, like the Super Bowl, attract people for commercial and business purposes.
Figure 2: Example of a spectator event in South Africa

Source: Flickr

Group participation in sports

Within group participation in sports, two different target groups can be distinguished: recreational sports teams and semi-professional athletes.

Recreational sports teams are groups that consist of a team, or in some cases an athlete, a coach and family members. The group is usually a team in team sports, like soccer, rugby, basketball, and others. The trips may either be organised by sports clubs, charity sports events or educational institutions, like schools and universities. European sports teams usually have very limited budgets, so they tend to travel domestic or within Europe. When travelling, these sports teams usually make use of their connections to arrange accommodation and transportation. Therefore, recreational sports teams can often be framed in the category of friends, family and relatives tourism. Destination countries where travel costs are low have most opportunity to seize this market. There are also opportunities for cross-selling, as most teams will also be interested in other tourism activities, such as short trips to the main touristic attractions.

Besides sport teams, professional athletes also offer an interesting market. Since these athletes tend to travel with their staff, they normally book as a group. Therefore, even athletes in individual sports, like tennis players, can be included in group participation. Although they are small in number, professional and semi-professional athletes tend to travel a lot for training as well as for competition. They have high demands for locations, as well as for comfort. Some semi-professional athletes also bring their families on their trios. This target group is mostly interested in accommodation, transportation and sporting facilities, but may sometimes they also combine the sports trip with leisure activities and short trips. Because professional athletes travel a lot, they normally only work with a few suppliers to arrange their accommodation.

Individual sport participation

Individual sports participants include recreational participation in individual sports like marathon, triathlon and charity sport events, such as the Big Five Marathon in South Africa, which combines a marathon with a safari vacation. There are other events that have both professional and amateur athletes competing in the same event, such as the Kilimanjaro Marathon and Uganda Marathon. Small-scale events create the most positive social effects for locals and improve the image of host cities. Individual sports participants can also be classified in the free independent travellers category.

In addition to the ones above, e-sports also have very large fanbases. IN 2020 alone, e-sports are expected to create a global revenue of €1.3 billion. The fanbases for these sports consists mostly of people who also play electronic games, but on a recreational or sub-competitive level. Fans of e-sports fans vary widely in age, but mostly between the ages of 13 and 40. E-sports are a good target group for pulling in outbound tourists, as more than 70% of the visitors of these events are not local.

A large number of travellers do not see a sports event as a principal reason for traveling, but they still seek involvement in competitive or non-competitive sports while travelling. Those events are most of the time loosely structured, non-competitive and socially connected. Most people within this market are physically active at home and want to continue to be while they are travelling for business or leisure.

Examples of developing country tourism companies focusing on sports include:

Hooked Cabarete in the Dominican Republic - This company targets surfers by blogging about surfing on websites visited by the European surfing community. They primarily offer accommodation, but also provide surfing gear and courses in collaboration with other companies. For more information on opportunities in this niche, read our study on surf tourism.

Chairn Muay Thai Camp in Thailand - This company offers muay thai training as well as accommodations, but they also sell gear. Another example in the same category is Viator, where a muay thai champion gives lessons to all ages and skills.

Aquanaut Diving Club in Egypt - This company offers diving courses and underwater safaris, but also rents diving gear. For more information on opportunities in this niche, ready our study on diving tourism.

EdwinDoran - This is an international organisation based in the UK and South Africa that offers sports tours to many countries, including Malaysia and South Africa. Besides training facilities, they also offer excursions and accommodation.

Tips:

Write blogs or create vlogs to attract sports tourists. Many European sports tourists are active in online communities, such as Wikiloc, More Dirt (for mountain bikers), and Snorkelling Report (for snorkelling). In addition to websites, many apps gather large communities of sports enthusiasts, like RouteYou (for hiking and cycling, but also for canoeing and other sports).

Focus on the age group between 15 and 39. Europeans in this age category participate most in sports. Although their budgets are generally smaller, students also offer an interesting market, because they participate most in sports, in comparison with other people, and are often open-minded and curious, which makes them a great group of first customers.

Communicate with your target group in a way that appeals to them. Ideally, check your communication with your clients. Active sports participants give value to achievement, stimulation, power, and self-direction. While conformity, tradition, and security resonate more with sports fans and passive participants.

Organise a small-scale sports event in collaboration with other tourism service providers in the area. Even small events can generate substantial revenue for the local community.

Read our studies on specific types of sports tourism, such as cycling tourism, diving tourism, surfing tourism and trekking tourism, if your company specialises in one of them.

Sports heritage and nostalgia

A rather small but relevant sports tourism niche is sports heritage and nostalgia, which attracts travellers looking for stadium tours, visits to sports museums, halls of fame, historic sport places and sports themed bars. Sports are an expression of a place's heritage and help make tourist destinations unique. Some examples of this include sumo in Japan, rugby in New Zealand, and football (soccer) in Brazil. In addition to learning about traditional sports, tourists also want to learn about the local culture, which are often deeply intertwined.

Examples of companies offering sports heritage tourism include:

Football Museum in Brazil - Located in the Pacaembu Stadium in São Paulo, the tour shows visitors the origin and history of football in Brazil, and why it is so beloved.

Fanattic Sports Museum in India. This museum is a collection of rare sport artefacts related to India.

Sports tourism offers a great opportunity for generating revenue in low season, as many tournaments take place at times in which traditional tourism drops. Furthermore, a sports event is a great way of putting on the map a destination that otherwise would not be known to tourists.

Tips:

Make sure that the local community is friendly and kind to tourists. This offers a positive simulant for tourists to be fully immersed in the local sports and traditions.

Turn a sports event into a multi-day festival by organising side events, which may help to extend tip duration and spending. Remember that a large number of visitors for spectator events will not guarantee any visitors in the future. Be creative about tourism activities after the events, for example, offering tours of the stadiums and training facilities.

Add local flavours to the events and provide authentic local experiences to distinguish your destination from others. A tour of the stadiums and training complexes of the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, can also include visits to local communities.

Read our study on how to respond to COVID-19 in the tourism sector to learn what you should do if your company is affected by the pandemic.

Combine accommodations with sports events, like Sportihome, which has a search tool per sport combined with nearby places to stay.

Germany, France, and the United Kingdom offer the most opportunities in Europe, because these are the biggest markets in the EU. Denmark, Finland, and Austria offer smaller markets in size, but their residents do more sports travelling. Scroll over the map below to see the percentage of travellers who mention sports-related activities as their main reason to go on holiday, across different European countries.

Germany

Germany offers great opportunities for sports tourism as it has a large population of 83 million and a high GDP of €3.5 trillion and €41 thousand per capita. In Germany, 66% of the population practice sport at least once a week. This is confirmed by research that indicates that two-thirds of German travellers prefer to engage in sports activities while on vacation. Germans spent an average of €34 on sports, wellness and activity-related travel in 2017. In Germany, football (soccer) is the most popular sport, followed by ski jumping and biathlon. Figure 4 offers some data on the most popular sports in Germany.

France

Sports are a big part of the cultural fabric in France. It is the home of the biggest cycling event in the world, the Tour de France, and the French are the current champions of the FIFA World Cup. The population of France is approximately 67 million, the French GDP is €2,4 trillion, which offers a great number of possible tourists and a large market to enter. The possible potential on the French market is showcased in their outbound tourism market: 69% of the population goes on vacation outside of France, the highest percentage in Europe.

In France, football (soccer) is the most important sport to watch, but rugby, tennis and cycling all have large fanbases. Figure 5 provides information into the most popular sports in France.

United Kingdom

The UK has the second-largest revenue from sports events (behind only the United States). Before COVID-19, UK revenue from sports was expected to reach €627 million in 2020, with 3.2 million visitors. Football, tennis, rugby and other sports are very popular in the UK, so British travellers are likely to also experience these sports in other countries, or even plan a whole trip to play in or attend sports events. According to PXCOM, 25% of the British say they plan a vacation where they have the opportunity to attend a football game. In England alone (not the entire UK), an estimated 4.8 million people attended group exercise classes every week in 2018, and 11.5 million do it monthly, which suggests how the UK can be an interesting target market.

In the United Kingdom, football (soccer) is the most popular sport: 50.5 million attenders, followed by horse racing (5.9 million) and rugby (4.3 million). Figure 6 provides information about the most popular sports practised in the United Kingdom.

Denmark

Most people in Denmark, a whopping 74%, claim to participate in sports or other physical activity at least once a week, which is a great indicator of possible interest in doing sports while on vacation. Denmark has a small population of only 5.8 million people, but a very high GDP per capita of €54 thousand. Workers on payroll receive a mandatory holiday allowance of 12.5% of their yearly salary, which suggests that they have extra disposable.

Danes participate most in cycling (10.2%), followed by running and jogging (6.5%), swimming (5.7%) and football (soccer) (5.4%). Football (soccer) is the most popular sport in Denmark in terms of club membership: 350,000 members.

Finland

In Finland, 69% of the people exercise or play sports regularly or with some regularity, more than any other country in Europe. Finland has the lowest percentage (13%) of people that never play any sports nor exercise. With a population of 5.5 million and a GDP per capita of €45 thousand, Finland is a small but wealthy target country. Finns participate most in running and jogging (16%), followed by cycling (9.5%), gym and fitness (8.1%), swimming (6.65%) and hiking (3.4%).

Austria

A larger share of Austrians sees sports activities as a primary reason for going on a holiday than people in other European countries. In addition, 72% of the Austrians participate in sports or physical activities at least once a week. When on holiday, some may be looking to practise on their own, but many search for other challenging or unique activities like canoeing or scuba diving. Popular sports in Austria include football and tennis.

Tips:

Stay up to date on the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector on your target country.

Focus on Austria, Finland or Denmark if your aim is maximum efficiency with a limited marketing budget.

Focus on Germany, France or the United Kingdom if your aim is to penetrate the largest European sport markets. Update your knowledge by analysing statistics, for example, about the German holiday market and the British holiday market.

Digitalisation of sport events

Technology advances have made sports information and sports events better available and accessible, facilitating people planning their trips more in advance. As online platforms improve and user knowledge grows, we expect information accessibility to increase further in the coming years.

Tips:

Put tickets and other services like accommodation for sale long before a planned event, so people can learn about it early, then plan and schedule accordingly.

If you organise a regular sport event, promote it on social media and other online resources. Look into marketing companies specialised in sports tourism like Stir for inspiration on how to do this.

As the COVID-19 pandemic drags on, and live sports games cannot receive fans, it can be profitable to host a stream. Look into different streaming services like YouTube, Twitch and Livestream to see what fits best to your needs. Remember that for a stream of good quality you require reliable internet, software and hardware.

Increased demand in highly competitive sub-elite events

Sports events where individual performance matters more than competing against other participants are growing in popularity. These events include triathlons, Ironman races, mountain biking, etc. Many athletes engage in serious training programmes in preparation for their targeted events, but the difference between them and elite athletes, is that they are self-referenced instead of result orientated.

Tips:

Plan your event far in the future, so athletes and visitors have sufficient time to plan. To make an event successful, you must attract enough participants. Sites as Eventbrite and Active provide a platform for people to register.

Create spots for spectators, as participants often travel with their families and friends, which also creates extra opportunities of increasing revenue from accommodation, food and beverages services.

Concern for safety

The safety of athletes, teams and spectators remains an issue in the sports industry. Terrorism, which was a previous concern, now has been compounded with the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing security concerns around sports events.

Experience unique or famous sport places

A growing part of European travellers visit specific locations according to their sports passions, such as experiencing a unique visit to an important venue, visiting a famous sports place or event. In football (soccer), for example, fans often want to attend matches while travelling, such as the Superclásico in Buenos Aires, when local football rivals Boca Juniors and River Plate meet in one of football's most famous derbies, attracting foreign fans who want to feel the match's atmosphere.

Tips:

Use spectator events to attract visitors. Do not focus on one single event but build rather offer a series of events to have a steadier supply of visitors. For example, organise something around a famous football game, but also for another event a week later, and a third event planned two weeks later.

Offer a variety of activities related to the sport to create an entire experience, which creates an extra dimension for the tourist to be involved in the sport and tradition they have just learned about. An example from New Zealand is combining a rugby heritage tour that includes a live Haka performance.

This study has been carried out on behalf of CBI by Molgo and ETFI.

Please review our market information disclaimer.

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The European market potential for sports tourism

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Sports tourism is a very diverse market. Sports events fans, as well as group and individual participation in sports are important niches. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the sports tourism market. Before COVID-19, sports-related tourism was one of the biggest growth segments in tourism.

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Globally, it is estimated that there are over 1 billion persons with disabilities, as well as more than 2 billion people, such as spouses, children and caregivers of persons with disabilities, representing almost a third of the world's population, are directly affected by disability. While this signifies a huge potential market for travel and tourism, it still remains vastly under-served due to inaccessible travel and tourism facilities and services, as well as discriminatory policies and practices.
What is accessible tourism?
Accessible tourism enables all people to participate in and enjoy tourism experiences. More people have access needs, whether or not related to a physical condition. For example, older and less mobile people have access needs, which can become a huge obstacle when traveling or touring. Thus, accessible tourism is the ongoing endeavour to ensure tourist destinations, products and services are accessible to all people, regardless of their physical limitations, disabilities or age. This inludes publicly and privately owned tourist locations, facilities and services.

Accessible tourism involves a collaborative process among all stakeholders, Governments, international agencies, tour-operators and end-users, including persons with disabilities and their organizations (DPOs). A successful tourism product requires effective partnerships and cooperation across many sectors at the national, regional and international levels. From idea to implementation, a single destination visit normally involves many factors, including accessing information, long-distance travel of various sorts, local transportation, accommodation, shopping, and dining. The impact of accessible tourism thus goes beyond the tourist beneficiaries to the wider society, engraining accessibility into the social and economic values of society.

International action and normative frameworks

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) was adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 2006. CRPD Article 9 on Accessibility calls for State Parties to take appropriate measures to ensure that persons with disabilities have equal access to the physical environment, information, transportation and other facilities and services open or provided to the public. It also calls for the elimination of obstacles and barriers to accessibility, including all transportation and facilities. Furthermore, Article 30 on Participation in cultural life, recreation, leisure and sport also calls for State Parties to ensure that persons with disabilities enjoy the benefits of tourism.

At the 2013, historic UN High-level Meeting on Disability and Development, which included several Heads of State, the link of disability and development was discussed and the meeting called for enhanced action to mainstream disability in the global development agenda. In the outcome document of the meeting, accessibility was identified as a key area for action.

Furthermore, in his message for the 2013 World Habitat Day, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called on the international community to make towns and cities accessible to all.

In the recent 2030 Agenda for Global Action containing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 2015), Goal 11 focuses on principles to "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable". This goal captures tourism and recreation through its call for the provisions of universal design for accessible and sustainable transport systems, inclusive urbanization, and access to green and public spaces. In its 2011 Declaration, The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) predicted tourism will increase and experience sustained development, reaching 1.8 billion international tourists by 2030. Accessible cities and tourism provisions therefore ensure the full social and economic inclusion of all persons with direct benefits of promoting more sustainable travel habits among users.
What are the barriers to travel and tourism for persons with disabilities?
For persons with disabilities, travelling can be a challenge, as finding the information on accessible services, checking luggage on a plane, booking a room to fulfil access needs, often prove to be difficult, costly and time consuming.

Challenges for persons with disabilities include:
* Untrained professional staff capable of informing and advising about accessibility issues
* Inaccessible booking services and related websites
* Lack of accessible airports and transfer facilities and services
* Unavailability of adapted and accessible hotel rooms, restaurants, shops, toilets and public places
* Inaccessible streets and transport services
* Unavailable information on accessible facilities, services, equipment rentals and tourist attractions
Why is accessible tourism important?
Accessibility is a central element of any responsible and sustainable development policy. It is both a human rights imperative, as well as an exceptional business opportunity. In this context, accessible tourism does not only benefit persons with disabilities, it benefits all of society.

To ensure that accessible tourism is developed in a sustainable manner requires that tourist destinations go beyond ad hoc services to adopting the principle of universal design, ensuring that all persons, regardless of their physical or cognitive needs, are able to use and enjoy the available amenities in an equitable and sustainable manner. This approach foregoes preferential or segregated treatment of differently abled constituents to permitting uninhibited use of facilities and services by all, at any time, to equitable effect.
I am not a person with a disability - how does this affect me?
Accessibility is also an important aspect of realizing the rights of the world's ageing population. As we grow older, our chance of experiencing a permanent or temporary disability is increased. A focus on accessibility can therefore ensure that we are able to participate fully in our societies well into our older years. Accessibility also benefits pregnant women and persons who are temporarily rendered immobile.

The improvements to physical and service infrastructure that come with a focus on accessibility also encourage a more multigenerational focus in development planning. For families with small children, accessible infrastructure - particularly in transportation, city planning and building design - improves the ability of these families to participate in social and cultural activities.

The United Nations is committed to sustainable and equitable development. Certainly, making basic adjustments to a facility, providing accurate information, and understanding the needs of disabled people can result in increased visitor numbers. Improving the accessibility of tourism services increases their quality and their enjoyment for all tourists, as well as improving quality of life in the local communities.
Other resources: Other languages:
French: Tourisme et Handicaps
Spanish: Fundaciononce
Arabic: Arab Tourism Portal
German: Russland Barrierefrei

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Promoting accessible tourism for all | United Nations Enable

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Globally, it is estimated that there are over 1 billion persons with disabilities, as well as more than 2 billion people, such as spouses, children and caregivers of persons with disabilities, representing almost a third of the world's population, are directly affected by disability.

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https://tourismteacher.com/sports-tourism/

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Sports tourism explained: What, why and where - Tourism Teacher

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Sports tourism is BIG business! Read all about the sports tourism industry and the different types of sports tourists in this post.

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‪World Food Travel Association‬ - ‪‪Cited by 790‬‬ - ‪food tourism‬ - ‪wine tourism‬ - ‪culinary tourism‬ - ‪food trends‬

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Educational tourism is broadening the global concept of education that goes beyond theory, by facilitating educational trips that enhance the student with both technical and environmental knowledge.

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This writing marks the sixth consecutive year our team at the Huddle Up Group has outlined the key trends in sports tourism.

It's no surprise that with what 2020 delivered to us all, this year's trends article was more difficult to write than anything we have offered in the past. When you consider the impacts of the pandemic, social injustice issues, and toss in a wild race to the White House, it's hard to fathom that our industry will ever see another year like this one.

There is hope. The sports tourism industry has shown signs of recovery, well ahead of the other tourism verticals. The market also has once again proven its resiliency related to the business environment as a whole. As several sectors of commerce are trying to find a pathway to rebound, numerous sports organizations are forging ahead. We all know that sports are part of the fabric of our country. Finding ways to enable our young people to get back onto the field safely is paramount to their continued development and to our nation.

Given what we have all been through this year and where we need to get to in the future, we offer you the nine trends we are closely following leading into 2021 (We can't do a top 10 in a year like this, right?)

1 - Create Anew - Created events will continue to become a vital business development tactic for destinations. Building locally owned and operated events, alone or with a sports club as a partner, allow for a sports commission or CVB to infill key dates on their calendar without risk of losing them through a bid process in the future. This process also limits the dependency on the national event owners, many of whom are fighting for survival and sustainability just as tourism organizations are.

2 - Drive Time - Continuing a trend that started pre-COVID, many athletes and teams are playing closer to home today than in years past. Tournament organizers need to focus even more of their recruiting and marketing efforts on the regional drive markets within a day's drive of the host destination. This will hold true for all events, from the traditional bid-in tournaments to those locally created/operated.

3 - The I's Have It - Individual sports have already proven to be the fastest road to recovery in the sports market. Many individual sports have safety measures built in where team sports do not. Golf, tennis, racing sports, pickleball and BMX have made big strides towards recovery. We believe the individual sports will continue to thrive as the pandemic plays out in 2021.

4 - The Great Outdoors - Outdoor sports have added opportunities in the near term. Archery, golf, tennis, auto racing, cornhole and sports that are traditionally contested outdoors offer natural safety measures that indoor events don't. Add in some of the individual "silent sports" such as canoe/kayak, fishing and running, and destinations have a great opportunity to focus on potential business that is already on the rebound due to the venues (outside) where they transpire.

5 - Creative Finance - The way our industry has operated from a funding perspective has to be revisited entirely f rom both sides of the event partnership table. Many of the traditional financial tools that destinations had access to in the past have been compromised (such as bid fee funds). Similarly, the budgets of rights holders that depend on event fees and memberships for a large chunk of their revenues are in peril. Destinations and event owners will have to work within an entirely new paradigm and seek financial win-win partnerships in the future.

6 - Better Safe Than Sorry - Hosting organizations and their event partners will need to become experts at athlete and fan safety in the years to come. Even as COVID-19 starts to dissipate, the checks and balances that have been put in place to combat the pandemic will likely become industry standards in the future.

7 - Facility Futures - Today's marketplace has prompted an entirely new discussion around facility development. There is a large national trend in repurposing publicly funded and managed venues, specifically in converting golf courses, pools and tennis courts into higher-volume (and lower operating cost) uses. There are dozens of examples of golf facilities becoming flat-field complexes, pools revamped into skate parks (or filled in entirely) and tennis courts being remade into pickleball venues. We also have to be open to using sports parks for non-sports purposes given issues related to the pandemic (see drive-up concerts in sports complex parking lots). Development and future use of our sports venues have to be focused on a new definition of what drives ROI, now more than ever before.

8 - Remote Control - Working remotely is not just a trend that industry was forced to adopt due to the pandemic. It is here to stay. If anything is the "new normal," this is it. Given that the generations entering the workforce today largely prefer flexibility, remote work teams were likely going to take over the business world anyway. COVID-19 just sped up the process.

9 - Business as UNusual - The marketplace we all lived and worked in as recently as March of 2020 is no longer. The way we do business has been altered forever. We will have to conduct our business in entirely new ways and with fewer resources. However, the high expectations our organizations had prior to the pandemic will likely remain in place going forward, resources or no resources.
What does all this mean for us as we move into 2021?
As industry leaders we will have to find ways to give our work teams the tools and the ability to reach our collective goals. For many, the altered landscape that is sports tourism and events will prove to be challenging. Those who can adapt to whatever the "new normal" becomes will provide those whom we serve a foundation to build upon going forward. Those who cannot nimbly move through the minefields that today's marketplace present to us will be bypassed by those who can pivot themselves and their organizations towards the light at the end of the tunnel. This includes a steadfast commitment to making decisions with ROI in mind, using whatever tools and data the industry offers us, and to delivering a very intentional value proposition to our stakeholders.

Here is to putting 2020 in the rear-view mirror and to setting out on a new pathway for our industry - wherever that pathway takes us.

Jon Schmieder is the founder of the Huddle Up Group LLC, a sports industry consulting company. The Huddle Up Group has worked with more than 75 sports organizations and destinations on over 150 strategic projects. In 2017 the Huddle Up Group was given the Superior Service Award, the highest honor a consulting firm can earn from the National Association of Sports Commissions. Contact: jon@huddleupgroup.com or 602-369-6955. To receive the weekly "Monday Huddle Up," visit www.huddleupgroup.com.

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This writing marks the sixth consecutive year our team at the Huddle Up Group has outlined the key trends in sports tourism. It's no surprise that with what 2020 delivered to us all, this year's trends article was more difficult to write than anything we have offered in the past.

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What is Food Tourism? | World Food Travel Association

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WHAT IS FOOD TOURISM? Food tourism promotes local pride, sustainable tourism, and economic growth. Learn more about the industry here.

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Accessible cities and transactions

There are accessible attractions, restaurants and hotels in every Dutch city. For Amsterdam, download the city guide showing accessible routes and additional information. Many theme parks and amusement parks such as De Efteling, Madurodam and Walibi World are also very accessible, and the staff is always glad to help. This also applies for museums, which also often offer special tours that focus on all senses, such as smell, touch and hearing.

Are you visiting a theatre or concert hall? Then ask about the possibilities; special spacious seats or spaces and discounts are often available.

You are sure to enjoy a tour of the canals of Amsterdam, where a number of companies fit their ships with platform lifts. For a variety of outdoor activities, such as zip-lining, blokart racing and sailing, see the page on accessible travel in Holland.

Specially modified cars can be rented from Hertz or Bever. Domestic care while on holiday can be booked with Comfortzorg. For great bed breakfasts, check the website of EelkeDroomt.

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There are accessible attractions, restaurants and hotels in every Dutch city. For Amsterdam, download the city guide showing accessible routes and additional information. Many theme parks and amusement parks such as De Efteling, Madurodam and Walibi World are also very accessible, and the staff is always glad to help.

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Breda University of Applied Sciences - Databanken

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Music Festivals - China - June 2020

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US Marketing Auto to Gen Z and Millennials: Inc Impact of COVID-19 Market Report 2020 | Mintel Store

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Home / All Report Types / Consumer Reports / US Marketing Auto to Gen Z and Millennials: Inc Impact of COVID-19 Market Report 2020 Excl. Tax Providing the most comprehensive and up-to-date information and analysis of the Marketing Auto to Gen Z and Millennials: Inc Impact of COVID-19 - US market, and the behaviours, statistics, preferences and habits of the consumer.

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Breda University of Applied Sciences - Databanken

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By Megan Lane
BBC News Magazine

'Tis harvest time, the traditional season of plenty, and today the time for culinary festivals. With British cuisine no longer a national joke, food tourism is booming.

Foodies, rejoice. This weekend sees a smorgasbord of food festivals, in which the bountiful produce of Yorkshire, south Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland will be celebrated. These are but a taster for British Food Fortnight, which starts the following weekend.

For no longer is British food synonymous with fish, chips and roast dinners (except, of course, for Jacques Chirac, who has complained that only the Finns have worse cuisine).

Rick Stein champions local produce

During the 20th Century, industrialisation began to threaten artisan producers and many abandoned their traditional techniques.
But in the past two decades, there's been a resurgence in demand for quality products made by time-honoured methods. The appetite is growing for regional produce, such as Somerset cider, Caerphilly cheese and Cromer crabs. Food tourism has become big business, worth nearly £4bn a year.

In a recent survey of tourist perceptions of the UK food industry, two-thirds of Britons said that food and drink influenced their holiday choice. The West Country, Wales and Scotland occupied the top three destinations.

Since the Malt Whisky Trail was set up around Scottish distilleries several decades ago, the number of food and drink trails has multiplied. New additions include a wine trail around the South-East, sausage trails in the Midlands and the North-West, and a Lake District afternoon tea trail.

Alexia Robinson, the organiser of British Food Fortnight, says food adds to a visitor's experience of a place. "Taste is one of our senses. We usually experience a place visually, such as on a castle or cathedral tour, so why not add to that through our taste buds?"

Chocolate and caviar, by Heston Blumenthal of Bray's Fat Duck

Even once-sleepy backwaters such as Bray in Berkshire, Padstow in Cornwall and Shropshire's Ludlow have become gastronomic hotspots thanks to star chefs Heston Blumenthal, Rick Stein and Shaun Hill (who has since closed the Michelin-starred Merchant House, which in 2003 ranked among the world's top 20 eateries).
And the latest series of BBC Two's Full on Food - pitched firmly at the growing foodie market - catered for the interest in regional produce by dispatching a chef to find the tastiest local treats, be it ice cream, wild salmon or real ale.

Taste of home

For Alexia Robinson, the variety of local specialities reflects the UK's diverse geography. Many regional dishes have evolved over centuries using ingredients best suited to the conditions and lifestyles of that area.

Britain produces 700 regional cheeses - more than France

It has 600 varieties of apple

And 125 species of fish and shellfish in its waters

For British Food Fortnight, the BBC's Action Network website will detail local projects

Cheese varieties are one such example, as is the Cornish pasty, devised to provide a filling lunch for the county's lead miners. And niche habitats such as salt marshes in Wales give lamb from the area a distinctive taste.
What producers and caterers find is that the more local a food seems, the better the sales pitch. Hence detailed menus which name-check the farm which supplies the meat or the allotment where they grow their own asparagus.

For provenance sells, says Ms Robinson. "People want to know where their food comes from. I've even seen a wonderful menu entry for apple and blackberry pie, 'all blackberries picked from our local hedgerows'."

She says that holidaymakers want foods which emphasise the heritage and culture of a place. "If you stay in a Gloucestershire B&B, for example, you'll probably be served sausages made from Gloucester Old Spot pigs. In the north of England, tourists seek out potted shrimps, and apple pie is popular in Kent."

And who, at the seaside, hasn't been lured into an establishment famed for serving the best fish 'n' chips on that stretch of coast?

Food miles

Nor do we need to travel to track down regional delights.

Delicatessens now stock British goodies as well as the more usual olives and Italian meats. Farmers' markets typically draw crowds, with London's Borough Market recently voted the capital's top tourist attraction. With producers and fine food stockists going online, tasty treats from around the UK can be delivered to your door.
Food also holds a key place in the "think globally, act locally" debate. Some buyers are keen to support local businesses, or protect the environment by avoiding foods which have been transported long distances.

Environmentalists and tourism bosses alike must be heartened that two-thirds of Britons say they would consider holidaying at home, rather than jet off somewhere sunny, because of the food and drink on offer. Bon appetit indeed.

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BBC NEWS | UK | Magazine | A taste for gastro-tourism

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By Megan Lane BBC News Magazine 'Tis harvest time, the traditional season of plenty, and today the time for culinary festivals. With British cuisine no longer a national joke, food tourism is booming. Foodies, rejoice. This weekend sees a smorgasbord of food festivals, in which the bountiful produce of Yorkshire, south Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland will be celebrated.

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Food tourism is important to a wide variety of sectors, not just food, beverage, travel or hospitality. With our latest food tourism market research report, we have uncovered the following 10 major trends emerging in food tourism 2020. Read on to learn what you can be doing to leverage the power of food tourism.
1. LOVE OF GOOD FOOD IS MAINSTREAM
Once considered to be of interest to only a few, or possibly even elitist by some, today the appreciation and search for good food and drink is fully mainstream, with fully 53% of leisure travelers choosing their next destination because of food and drink. That means more than attractions, more than sightseeing, more than scenery or architecture, and more than price, good food and drink are a driving force in which destinations travelers now choose.
2. ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN JEOPARDY
While Instagram is still on a roll, consumer use of Facebook has been tapering off, especially in Europe. And consumers are wiser than ever to paid "endorsements" from celebrities or bloggers. That has adversely affected the overall percentage of travelers who get their food and travel information from social media. Where are people getting this information now? Data show that they're going back to friends and family to fill in the gaps in their pre-trip research.
3. NEW CONCERN OVER LOSING OUR FOOD CULTURES
The passion for local and authentic food and beverage products and experiences is driving a Renaissance in interest in culinary cultures. Travelers now want the backstory - the history of the recipe, how customs at the dining table evolved, how the serving utensils are made, etc. Just serving up a local and authentic meal is no longer enough.
4. SUSTAINABILITY STILL A MAJOR CONCERN
Not only are food-loving travelers concerned about food waste, they are also concerned about packaging waste from food and beverage products - things like plastic cutlery and straws. And they also care about the ethics of livestock welfare. We take our behaviors on the road with us, and we are exporting these values wherever we travel. That's a good thing.
5. FOOD TOURISM GROWING - MOSTLY IN DEVELOPING NATIONS
While interest in food and drink when traveling is consistent in developed countries, our data show the real growth is in lesser developed nations. Leading the list are China, India and Mexico.

6. GEN Z ARE THE NEW "SUPER FOODIES"
Older millennials are having children who are now approaching university age. These generation Z consumers have money to travel and are going out to explore the world, often for the first time. Our data has always showed that millennials were obsessed with food. But what happens when two millennials have a baby? They pass down their values to their child. Enter the era of the "Super Foodie" which is what our newest data is showing.
7. AUTHENTICITY IS BEING CHALLENGED
We're seeing new debates about what is "authentic"? Is there room for innovation in the authentic preparation of dishes today? Is fusion allowed? Can authenticity and culinary innovation co-exist? Just give us something tasty, we're not that fussy.
8. SPECIAL DIETS ARE ALL THE RAGE
Regardless of whether a dietary preference is based on an allergy (e.g. gluten, egg or soy), a personal preference (e.g. no offal), or on ethics (no meat or animal products), special diets are here to stay. Our research shows the vegetarian category is one of the fastest growing special diets. Suppliers need to plan for this. And a vegetarian menu does not mean salad, pasta or risotto for every meal. Get creative!
9. FOOD & DRINK ARE THE CORNERSTONE OF TOURISM
All travelers eat and drink. They can return home with memories of chain burgers and chain coffee, or a savvy destination, tour operator and other suppliers can make sure that travelers have the information they need to make solid choices - and to create impactful memories. In many ways, food and drink should be considered the cornerstone of any tourism strategy - even in areas not known for great food and drink. Food and drink affect all 5 human senses making them one of the most influential experiences.
10. PEOPLE SPEND MORE ON F&B REGARDLESS OF INCOME
Food and drink are passion products. Our research shows that people are saving money to splurge on a nice restaurant, or to purchase gourmet food and drink items when traveling. Travelers in lower income brackets show the same behavior. We'll spend money on what we like, even if it is a financial stretch. Some people just want better quality or taste, while for others, they want the bragging rights.

The world's newest and largest Market Research report ever published on food tourism. The 328-page 2020 Food Travel Monitor sheds light on answers to common challenges, and illustrates in-depth findings with helpful graphs and charts.

How much do culinary travelers spend? What are the top motivators for culinary travelers? What % of culinary travelers participate in food tours or attended a food festival? How do travelers choose their next gastronomy travel destination?

Use the 2020 Food Travel Monitor as a resource to attract more visitors to your destination, and aide your product development and marketing strategies.
Learn more and order your copy!
The World Food Travel Association was founded in 2003, and is considered the world's leading authority on food tourism. Our mission is to help preserve culinary cultures through hospitality and travel. Each year we serve an audience of nearly 200,000 trade professionals world-wide. Learn more about what we do.

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Food tourism is important to a wide variety of sectors, not just food, beverage, travel or hospitality. With our latest food tourism market research report, we have uncovered the following 10 major trends emerging in food tourism 2020. Read on to learn what you can be doing to leverage the power of food tourism.

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Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

1

2015 JAARGANG 6

Colofon Dit themarapport is een uitgave van Kenniscentrum Kusttoerisme. © 2015, Kenniscentrum Kusttoerisme Bij het samenstellen van dit rapport is de grootste zorgvuldigheid betracht. Kenniscentrum Kusttoerisme is echter niet aansprakelijk voor enige directe of indirecte schade als gevolg van de aangeboden informatie in deze publicatie. Kenniscentrum Kusttoerisme p/a HZ University of Applied Sciences Postbus 364 4380 AJ Vlissingen Telefoon: 0118 - 489 850 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.kenniscentrumtoerisme.nl Twitter: @KCKusttoerisme Fotografie: Gemeente Kapelle Van DNA Beeldbank op www.laatzeelandzien.nl: Ben Biondina Felice Buonadonna Anita Eijlers Johan van der Heijden Ineke Houmes Ben Seelt Thijs Tuurenhout Eddy Westveer Dennis Wisse Xander Koppelmans Tekst: Tara Hoetjes Bouwe Postma Kim Provoost Ester Wisse Grafische vormgeving: Kees Hoendervangers, www.dtp-plus.nl

Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

Inhoudsopgave

Inleiding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Aanpak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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1.

Zeeland als sportprovincie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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2.

Sporttoerisme als begrip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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3.

Wie is de sporttoerist? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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3.1. De sportevenemententoerist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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3.2 De sport 'legacy' toerist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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3.3 De actieve sporttoerist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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4.

Best practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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5.

Kansrijk voor Zeeland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Referentielijst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34

Inleiding

Sport is tegenwoordig een belangrijke vorm van vrijetijdsbesteding. Veel mensen beoefenen ook tijdens hun vakantie een sportieve activiteit. Voor sommige mensen is sport de primaire reden waarom ze op vakantie gaan, maar vaak is sport ook een nevenactiviteit tijdens een toeristisch verblijf. Sport en toerisme zijn daarom een populaire combinatie, waardoor de nichemarkt sporttoerisme is ontstaan. Sporttoerisme heeft de afgelopen jaren een enorme groei doorgemaakt. De wereldwijde marktomvang van het sporttoerisme werd in 2008 geschat op 600 miljard, wat gelijk staat aan ongeveer 10% van de totale internationale toeristische industrie. Vooral in landen als de Verenigde Staten, Canada, Australië en Groot-Brittannië vormt sporttoerisme een belangrijk onderdeel van het hedendaagse leven (European Tourism Futures Institute, 2014). In Nederland krijgt sporttoerisme als strategisch instrument steeds meer aandacht bij identiteitsontwikkeling, city branding en gebiedsontwikkeling. Sport, toerisme en evenementen kunnen elkaar versterken en gezamenlijk bijdragen aan een grotere aantrekkelijkheid van een gebied of regio (European Tourism Futures Institute, 2014). In deze rapportage komt naar voren dat sport ook kansen biedt voor toeristisch Zeeland. De natuurlijke omgeving van Zeeland nodigt uit tot bewegen en biedt daardoor mogelijkheden voor de beoefening van een breed scala aan sport- en beweegactiviteiten. Omdat Zeeland een populaire toeristische bestemming is, ligt een combinatie van sport en toerisme ook hier voor de hand. In deze rapportage worden de kansen om beide sectoren te combineren verkend. Sportevenementen en activiteiten, maar vooral ook de natuurlijke en gezonde leef- en beweegomgeving kunnen ingezet worden als toeristische trekpleister voor zowel sporters, toeschouwers en medereizigers die wellicht ook langer in de regio verblijven. Op het gebied van sportevenementtoerisme is al veel onderzoek gedaan, maar over sporttoeristische activiteiten die niet in competitie of evenementverband worden aangeboden, is nog weinig bekend. Daarom wordt in deze themapublicatie vooral ingezoomd op de actieve sporttoerist die deelneemt aan breedtesport activiteiten. In deze themapublicatie wordt eerst ingegaan op Zeeland als sportprovincie. Daarna wordt toegelicht wat het begrip sporttoerisme inhoudt en welke drie specifieke vormen van sporttoerisme er te onderscheiden zijn. Ook worden enkele achtergrondkenmerken van sporttoeristen beschreven. Ten slotte worden een aantal best practices genoemd en komen de kansen op het gebied van sporttoerisme in Zeeland aan bod.

Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

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2

Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

Aanpak

Voor de totstandkoming van deze publicatie is gebruik gemaakt van verschillende bronnen. Er is literatuuronderzoek gedaan om te achterhalen wat de definitie is van sporttoerisme en om het profiel van een sporttoerist te kunnen omschrijven. Ook voor de best practices is veelvuldig gebruik gemaakt van bestaande bronnen, zoals websites, wetenschappelijke journals en vakbladen. De sporten die in deze publicatie aan de orde komen zijn gebaseerd op de sporten zoals die in het beleid van Provincie Zeeland zijn opgenomen: beachsport, wielersport en watersport. Met twintig beoefenaars van bovenstaande sporten zijn interviews afgenomen. Deze interviews zijn afgenomen door studenten die de derdejaars minor 'Lifestyles at the Coast' aan de HZ University of Applied Sciences volgden. Het interview gold voor deze studenten als eindproef voor de cursus kwalitatief onderzoek. De samenstelling van de topiclijst en de analyse van de interviews is uitgevoerd door Kenniscentrum Kusttoerisme. Door deze rapportage heen zullen door middel van profielschetsen de uitkomsten van deze interviews aan bod komen.

'De kranige kitesurfer' "Uiteindelijk doen we het toch allemaal voor de flow maar natuurlijk speelt de adrenaline ook een rol. Als ik met windkracht tien door het water ga is dat voor mij de mooiste situatie. Je zit op een randje en zoekt grenzen op en dan wordt het pas echt leuk. Zeeland is een goede watersportprovincie. Toch kunnen we als provincie nog wel professionaliseren. Bedrijven gaan steeds meer samenwerkingsverbanden zoeken. Er zijn in het verleden al wel wat samenwerkingen opgestart maar die zijn nu toch ook uiteen gesplitst. Er zouden volledige arrangementen aangeboden moeten worden en niet als onderdeel. In deze sport ben je natuurlijk wel weersafhankelijk dus dat maakt het wel lastig. Het zal in ieder geval wel bijdragen aan de toeristische sector. Hiernaast mogen er meer combinaties gelegd worden met verblijfsaccommodaties. De verblijfsaccommodaties zijn nu erg gericht op families. Je ziet steeds meer huisjes en bungalows. Ik ben op zoek naar een low budget camping of hostel die aansluit bij de doelgroep surfers; laag budget, andere surfers ontmoeten en vooral heel simpel!"

Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

3

1 Zeeland als sportprovincie

Zeeland kent een grote variatie aan wateren, een bijzondere onderwaterwereld, stranden, stroming in het water, wind, eilanden, enzovoort. De natuurlijke omgeving van Zeeland kan een positieve werking hebben op onze gezondheid. Vandaar dat Zeeland bezig is zich te profileren als gezonde regio. Binnen de gezonde regio komen aspecten als gezonde voeding, bezinning, medisch toerisme en lifestyle aan de orde. Actief zijn en sportbeoefening passen hier goed binnen. Vanuit de LAND IN ZEE! gedachte focust Provincie Zeeland haar sportbeleid rondom een aantal kernsporten die beoefend kunnen worden op het snijvlak van land en water zodat voor de gast de LAND IN ZEE! beleving vergroot wordt. Binnen het sportbeleid wordt gestreefd naar evenementen en activiteiten gericht op het profiel van Zeeland als actieve buitensportregio voor watersport, wielersport en beachsport (Provincie Zeeland, 2013).

Watersport Wie aan Zeeland denkt, denkt al gauw aan water. Water is één van de dragende krachten van de ruimtelijke kwaliteit die Zeeland te bieden heeft. Tegenwoordig willen we onze vrije tijd graag invullen in een gezonde omgeving en willen we gezond ouder worden. Hierbij speelt bewegen in, op en langs het water een grote rol. Zeeland biedt met haar vele wateren de mogelijkheid om voor de watersportsector een topklimaat te bevorderen. Hierbij gaat het om talentontwikkeling, vergroten van sportbeleving en erkenning als belangrijke watersportregio. Veel beoefende watersporten in Zeeland zijn zeilen, (wind/kite/golf) surfen, waterskiën/ wakeboarden, open water zwemmen en duiken.

'De kickzoekende golfsurfer' "Voor mij, als beginnend surfer, is het hier in Zeeland ideaal. Er zijn hier lange, mooie stranden waar je de basis prima kunt leren. Wanneer je aan het surfen bent, ben je continue aan het zoeken naar die kick voor jezelf. Maar naast die kick geeft het ook een gevoel van ontspanning. Niet lichamelijk maar vooral geestelijk. Eventjes ben je volledig met iets anders bezig dan je alledaagse dingen en ben je puur aan het genieten. Ik overnacht altijd bij mijn ouders maar voor sporttoeristen zijn er voldoende mogelijkheden om te overnachten. Er zijn veel campingplaatsen voor een goedkoop tarief. Je kunt hier prima vakantie vieren en dat combineren met surfen. Het enige nadeel is de mobiliteit als je niet in het bezit bent van een auto".

4

Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

Wielersport In het verleden hebben verschillende wielerevenementen plaatsgevonden in Zeeland die ervoor gezorgd hebben dat Zeeland als fietsprovincie goed op de kaart is gezet. Zo was 2010 'het jaar van de fiets' waarbij de Tour de France, de Giro en Ride for the Roses, Zeeland gepasseerd hebben. In 2015 zal de Tour de France Zeeland wederom aandoen met een etappefinish op Neeltje Jans. Het dynamische Zeeuwse landschap waarin water en land elkaar afwisselen en de wind vaak een sportieve en unieke factor is, maakt Zeeland een aantrekkelijke wielerprovincie. Wind is voor wielrenners als het ware 'de Zeeuwse berg'. Zeeland biedt niet alleen mogelijkheden voor wielrenners maar ook voor de recreatieve fietser en de mountainbiker. Op het gebied van recreatief fietsen heeft Zeeland een hoog voorzieningenniveau vergeleken met andere provincies. Zo beschikt Zeeland over een uitgebreid fietsknooppuntennetwerk en vele fietsfaciliteiten.

'De modderige mountainbiker' "Mijn positieve ervaring van mountainbiken door Zeeland is de natuur, het spelen met de wind en het spelen met je fiets door de modder. Ook het omgaan met elkaar, het sociale, dat vind ik leuk aan mountainbiken. Je kunt een lekker praatje maken en je pept elkaar op. Zeeland is uitermate mooi voor mij. Het is vlak maar ik kan ook in de duinen fietsen, niet door het zand natuurlijk. Zeeland heeft mooie aangelegde fietsroutes, zelfs tot aan de grens van België. Het aanbod voor de mountainbiker is soms wel wat magertjes. De enige weg is eigenlijk de duinen in. Als je met de boot van Walcheren naar de overkant gaat, dan kan je wel klimmen, maar nog niet echt op onverharde wegen. Het mountainbikeaanbod is maar een fractie van heel Zeeland. Zo zijn er ook voldoende mogelijkheden op koersgebied maar ook op watersport. [...] De rust, ruimte en natuur, dan krijg je een vakantiegevoel. Ook al is het maar voor een dag".

Beachsport Het is vanzelfsprekend dat Zeeland over veel strand beschikt. In totaal is de Zeeuwse kustlijn zo'n 650 kilometer lang en biedt voldoende faciliteiten op en rondom het strand. Zeeland heeft stranden voor verschillende doelgroepen; zo zijn er familiestranden, natuurstranden maar ook watersportstranden waar ook beachsporters volop hun gang kunnen gaan. Het begrip beachsport is overgewaaid vanuit landen als de VS en Brazilië en wordt in Nederland ook steeds populairder. Denk hierbij bijvoorbeeld aan beachvolleybal, strandzeilen of blowkarten en beachtennis.

Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

5

Het Grevelingenmeer, Domburg en de Brouwersdam zijn aantrekkelijke watersport/ beachsport bestemmingen. Provincie Zeeland heeft een aantal leisure hotspots toegewezen waarvan de Brouwersdam er één is. Het uitgangspunt is dat het gebied rondom de Brouwersdam een trendsettend, sportief, strand- en watersportcentrum moet worden (Kenniscentrum Kusttoerisme, 2014). Gegevens over de economische impact en marktomvang van de drie verschillende kernsporten in Zeeland is niet voorhanden. Naar de marktomvang van watersport is op landelijk niveau wel onderzoek uitgevoerd. Uit onderstaande tabel blijkt dat jaarlijks ruim 23,8 miljoen watersportactiviteiten worden ondernomen in Nederland (NBTC-NIPO Research, 2013). Watersportvorm Participatie Frequentie Volume Aantal % Gemiddeld aantal Aantal watersport keer per jaar activiteiten per jaar Duiken

146.000 1

12,2

1.781.000

Kanoën

435.000 3

3,6

1.567.000

Roeien

250.000 2

9,8

2.447.000

(kite-, golf- of windsurfen)

129.000

6,3

814.000

Waterskiën/wakeboarden

106.000 1

4,7

500.000

Surfen

Varen/zeilen

2.075.000 15

waarvan met een kajuitboot

706.000 5

met een sloep met een open boot

679.000 5

8,0 10,1

16.632.000 7.126.000

5,4

3.668.000

Varen 546.000

4

4,6

2.511.000

Zeilen 341.000

3

5,4

1.844.000

7,7

1.553.000

9,2

23.811.000

met een speedboot/jetski

Totaal watersport

1

202.000 2 2.580.000 20%

Bron: NBTC-NIPO Research

Mensen die hun vakantie doorbrengen op hun eigen boot of een gehuurde boot geven aanzienlijk meer uit per dag dan toeristen die hun vakantie doorbrengen in hun eigen of gehuurde andere vakantie accommodatie. Mensen met een eigen boot geven gemiddeld 17 euro per dag uit, dit is 4 tot 9 euro meer dan mensen met een tweede woning of eigen stacaravan. Toeristen die een boot huren, geven gemiddeld 75 euro uit per dag ten opzichte van 53 euro voor mensen die in een hotel verblijven. Mensen die in een bungalow of op een camping verblijven besteden nog minder (Kenniscentrum Kusttoerisme, 2012).

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Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

Wanneer specifiek gekeken wordt naar de frequentie van de watersportactiviteiten, is duiken de meest voorkomende activiteit (NBTC-NIPO Research, 2013). Wat Zeeland uniek maakt ten opzichte van andere Nederlandse en Noord Europese watersportbestemmingen zijn de mogelijkheden om te duiken. Zo staat de Oosterschelde bekend om unieke plant- en diersoorten maar ook het Veerse Meer en het Grevelingenmeer zijn goede duiklocaties. Jaarlijks ontvangt Zeeland vele sportduikers. Dit zijn Nederlandse gasten maar ook duikers uit België, Duitsland en Frankrijk. Samen maken zij zo'n 800.000 duiken per jaar in Zeeland. De Nederlandse duiker neemt ongeveer de helft hiervan voor zijn rekening, de Belgische duiker een derde deel. De duiksport is voor Zeeland van economisch belang. De meeste duikers zijn hoog opgeleid en hebben een bovengemiddeld inkomen. Ze komen als liefhebber van de duiksport naar Zeeland en vormen hierdoor een zogenaamde 'special interest group'. Deze groep geeft vaak meer geld uit dan de gemiddelde toerist tijdens een bezoek aan Zeeland. Gemiddeld besteden duikers tussen de 65 en 107 euro per dag aan toerisme in Zeeland en geven ze daarnaast nog eens 25 tot 30 euro per dag uit aan duiksport. Bij de gemiddelde toerist ligt dit bedrag aanzienlijk lager, namelijk tussen de 27 en 65 euro per dag (Kenniscentrum Kusttoerisme, 2011).

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2 Sporttoerisme als begrip

Sporttoerisme is een breed en veelomvattend begrip. Om uitspraken te kunnen doen over welke kansen sporttoerisme biedt voor Zeeland is het prettig helder te hebben wat we als sporttoerisme beschouwen. Over wat sporttoerisme precies inhoudt bestaan uiteenlopende opvattingen. Allereerst wordt hieronder de meest gangbare definitie van sporttoerisme weergegeven.

Sporttoerisme is het reizen voor niet-commerciële doeleinden waarbij tijdens de reis of het verblijf deelgenomen wordt aan een sportieve activiteit of om toeschouwer te zijn bij een sportieve activiteit (Harrison-Hill & Chalip, 2005).

Verschillende andere auteurs hebben getracht het begrip sporttoerisme te specificeren, bijvoorbeeld door toe te voegen dat iemand alleen aangemerkt kan worden als sporttoerist als hij/zij minimaal 24 uur (met één overnachting) in de betreffende omgeving verblijft of dat hij/zij reist om zijn/haar sport in competitieverband uit te oefenen. Ook zijn er auteurs die onder sport toeristen alleen die toeristen verstaan, die het beoefenen van of kijken naar sport als hoofdmotief hebben voor hun reis. Belangrijke elementen in de definitie van sporttoerisme zijn dus de duur van het verblijf, de benadering van het begrip sport en het motief waarom iemand reist.

'De hardlopende duinen bedwinger' "Afgelopen jaar ben ik op vakantie geweest in Zeeland waarbij ik om de dag over het strand en de duinen heb gerend. As ik hier kom voor een sportevenement reis ik meestal de volgende dag terug, het is op één dag namelijk prima aan te rijden voor mij. Ik weet wel dat campings soms vol zitten met atleten. Dat hoor en zie je wel. Veel met campers of met caravans, dat ze toch even een weekendje naar Zeeland komen om te sporten. De sportevenementen in Zeeland zijn niet zo massaal en dat trekt me heel erg. Ik denk dat Zeeuwen die kleinschaligheid ook waarderen."

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Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

Duur van het verblijf Inzicht in de verblijfsduur levert niet alleen een nadere precisering van de definitie van sporttoerisme op, maar het maakt ook verschil in het economische belang. Sporttoeristen besteden meer geld als ze langer verblijven in de regio. De belangrijkste kosten bestaan dan uit huisvesting en voeding. Met een langer verblijf neemt de kans toe dat ze ook meer geld besteden aan toeristische activiteiten (Gibson, Willming & Holdnak, 2003). Vanwege dit economische voordeel is het voor het sporttoeristische beleid van Zeeland voorstelbaar vooral te focussen op de langer blijvende toerist, wat niet wegneemt dat sporttoeristische activiteiten en faciliteiten ook daytrippers kunnen trekken. Hierin gaan we dus mee met de meer gespecificeerde definitie waarbij een sporttoerist omschreven wordt als iemand die minimaal met één overnachting in de betreffende omgeving verblijft.

Benadering van het begrip sport Vanuit sporttoerisme bekeken, vormen sport in competitieverband en in recreatieve context een duo met een soms onduidelijke statuur. De meer enge benadering van de term 'sport', waarbij sport wordt gekenmerkt door aan regels en competitie gerelateerde vaardigheid, expertise en spel (Hinch & Higham, 2001), kan een geschikte strategie voor Zeeland en sporttoerisme uitsluiten. Het probleem met het bekijken van de term vanuit dit oogpunt is dat de nadruk ligt op sport in competitieverband en niet op de recreatieve sporter. In het licht van het voorgaande kunnen de sportieve activiteiten van de surfende toerist op de Zeeuwse wateren wel als fysieke, recreatieve inspanning gezien worden, maar niet tot het domein van het sporttoerisme behoren. Deze surfers nemen immers deel als recreant, maar niet als competitieve sporter.

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Voor Zeeland zou het zonde zijn alleen te focussen op competitieve sporters. Sporters met een recreatieve 'mindset' zijn net zo zeer van belang, zeker omdat zij tijdens het sporten andere motieven hebben dan alleen een competitief doel (Gibson, 2007). In deze publicatie wordt deze bredere kijk op sport gehanteerd en wordt iemand die op recreatieve basis een sport beoefent of deelneemt aan een beweegactiviteit, ook als sporttoerist gezien.

Motivatie voor verblijf Omdat cijfers over sporttoerisme vaak gaan over mensen van wie het hoofdmotief voor de reis sport is en niet over mensen voor wie het sportieve gedeelte van de reis onderdeel is van het geheel, kunnen marktkansen voor sporttoerisme onderschat worden. Skivakanties, golfvakanties of bezoeken aan sportevenementen zijn activiteiten die duidelijk aan sport gerelateerd zijn en dus volledig toegeschreven kunnen worden aan de sportsector. Deze vormen van sporttoerisme kunnen activiteit- of bestemmingsgericht zijn, of een combinatie hiervan. Een bestemming kan bepaalde faciliteiten hebben waardoor het voor sporttoeristen een aantrekkelijk gebied is. Zo zijn er voor wintersport bergen nodig, die vervolgens weer gebruikt worden in de zomermaanden door wielrenners en bergbeklimmers. Ook zijn er bestemmingen waarbij het om de activiteit gaat, zoals evenementen. De plekken waar deze georganiseerd worden zouden anders niet bezocht worden door de toeristen. Bij bijvoorbeeld wintersportvakanties is er sprake van een combinatie waarbij zowel bestemming als activiteit een rol spelen (European Tourism Futures Institute, 2014).

'De waterminnende wakeboarder' "Ik ben eigenlijk fan van alle watersporten. Ik probeer er altijd een weekendje Zeeland van te maken. Eén van mijn vrienden heeft een camper, dan gaan we vroeg in de ochtend weg om boodschappen te doen. Vervolgens rijden we naar Domburg toe, ontbijten we en trekken we ons surfpak aan en in de middag gaan we door naar de wakeboardbaan. Als het windstil is ga ik wakeboarden en als er grote golven zijn ga ik golfsurfen en anders windsurfen. Wat ik jammer vind is dat de watersportevenementen veelal bekend zijn bij de mensen die de sport beoefenen. Ik weet bijvoorbeeld wel dat er surfwedstrijden in Vlissingen gehouden worden, maar heel veel andere mensen niet. Zeeland promoot deels zichzelf door de ruimte en alle mooie dingen waar ze over beschikken, maar ze kunnen een veel groter watersportpubliek bereiken."

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Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

Als er rekening gehouden wordt met sport als secundair of incidenteel motief kunnen gezins- of strandvakanties waarin ook af en toe een fietstocht wordt gemaakt, of deelgenomen wordt aan een surfles ook onder sporttoerisme geschaard worden. Volgens Gammon & Robinson (1997) spreken we dan van toeristische sport in plaats van sporttoerisme. Deze ruimere definiëring lijkt meer kansen te bieden voor Zeeland, aangezien veel toeristen in Zeeland incidenteel aan een sport- of beweegactiviteit willen deelnemen, en wordt daarom geprefereerd. Dit maakt het in kaart brengen van de omvang van het sporttoerisme echter wel lastiger. Wanneer we bovenstaande in overweging nemen komen we tot de volgende definitie van de sporttoerist in Zeeland, die we in de rest van deze publicatie blijven hanteren.

Een sporttoerist is een individu en/of groep die actief of passief deelneemt aan een recreatieve en/of competitieve sport- of beweegactiviteit en/of evenement, tijdens een reis of verblijf van minimaal 24 uur in een omgeving buiten de gebruikelijke omgeving.

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3 Wie is de sporttoerist?

Verder inzoomend op het motief van sporttoeristen kunnen er drie categorieën sporttoeristen onderscheiden worden, waarbij het goed voor te stellen is dat er een combinatie of overlap van deze categorieën optreedt. -

Evenementtoerisme; de toerist woont een sportevenement als toeschouwer bij of neemt zelf deel aan een sportevenement.

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Sport 'legacy' toerisme (nostalgisch sporttoerisme), waarbij de toerist sport gerelateerde musea en beroemde sportlocaties bezoekt.

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Actief sporttoerisme; de toerist neemt zelf deel aan een breedtesport activiteit (Hover, Straatmeijer en Breedveld, 2014). Breedtesport wordt hierbij gezien als sport- en beweegactiviteiten die op recreatieve wijze door een breed publiek beoefend worden (Colijn & Kok, 2007). Ook prestatieve sport maakt hier deel van uit, maar veel mensen sporten tegenwoordig ook zonder per sé de ambitie te hebben om door te groeien naar een hoger niveau en zonder dat zij daarvoor zouden kunnen worden geselecteerd. Daarnaast zijn bij veel van hen gezondheid, fitheid, ontspanning en gezelligheid de motieven om aan sport te doen, waarbij het verbeteren van de prestatie niet of van secundair belang is (van Bottenburg, 2003).

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Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

Veel onderzoek naar sporttoeristen is uitgevoerd onder de passieve sportevenementtoeristen, ofwel het publiek bij sportevenementen. Ook is er behoorlijk wat bekend over de deelnemers aan sportevenementen. De actieve sporttoerist is echter veelal buiten beschouwing gelaten. Ook beleidsmakers en marketeers richten zich vaak op bezoekers en deelnemers van een sportevenement. Voor Zeeland verdient ook de actieve sporttoerist meer aandacht, omdat Zeeland aantrekkelijk is voor de breedtesporter en het aantal topsportevenementen als trekker van 'kijkende' sporttoeristen beperkt is. Omdat Zeeland echter toch wel een aantal interessante sportevenementen kent en de drie vormen van sporttoerisme elkaar kunnen versterken, gaan we hieronder eerst kort in op het profiel van de passieve en actieve evenementbezoeker en dat van de sport legacy toerist. Vervolgens wordt dieper ingegaan op het profiel van de actieve sporttoerist. Het is belangrijk om te weten wie de actieve sporttoerist is, om zo beter in te kunnen spelen op de wensen en behoeften van deze bezoekers.

'De weer en wind tartende windsurfer' "De waterkwaliteit is fijn, grote ruimtes, het is niet druk op het water en je kunt dichtbij parkeren. Het is prettig als er strandtenten aanwezig zijn, dit zorgt ook weer voor aankleding. Wat wel leuk zou zijn is als er meer overnachtingsmogelijkheden zouden komen, nabij het water."

3.1 De sportevenementtoerist De sportevenementtoerist reist om een persoonlijke ervaring op te doen die gerelateerd is aan een sportevenement. Hij/zij is een individu dat tijdelijk buiten de eigen gemeenschap gaat om deel te nemen aan fysieke activiteiten, om te kijken naar fysieke activiteiten of om een bezoek te brengen aan attracties/ evenementen die geassocieerd worden met fysieke activiteiten (Gibson, 1998, in: Funk, Toohey & Bruun, 2007). De afgelopen jaren is veel onderzoek gedaan naar effecten van sportevenementen, met name op economisch vlak. In toenemende mate is er ook steeds meer aandacht voor sociale effecten. Er zijn methoden ontwikkeld die de economische impact kunnen meten, namelijk de richtlijnen van 'WESP' (Werkgroep Evaluatie Sportevenementen). Onderzoek laat zien dat de economische impact van een sportevenement kan variëren van 200.000 euro tot 28 miljoen euro (Hover, Straatmeijer en Breedveld, 2014). Over de sociale impact van sportevenementen zijn weinig betrouwbare gegevens beschikbaar.

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Het bezoeken van een sportevenement is in Nederland populair. Hieronder worden een aantal feiten weergegeven over de omvang van het sportevenementtoerisme in Nederland.

* Vier op de tien volwassen Nederlanders bezoeken jaarlijks een sportevenement (hetzij als deelnemer of als toeschouwer). * 5,2 miljoen personen brengen een bezoek aan een sportevenement. * Dit staat gelijk aan 77 miljoen bezoeken (bezoeken aan competitiewedstrijden, waaronder 700.000 wedstrijden in het amateurvoetbal, zijn inbegrepen). * Deze bezoeken zijn goed voor 1 miljard uitgaven per jaar (Hover, Straatmeijer en Breedveld, 2014).

Ook in Zeeland is veel aandacht voor het sportevenementtoerisme. De provincie wil dat Zeeuwse sporters de kans krijgen om tijdens een sportevenement een mooie presentatie of prestatie neer te kunnen zetten. Daarbij moeten de sportevenementen die in de regio worden georganiseerd niet alleen ten goede komen aan de sporters zelf, maar ook aan degenen die niet deelnemen. Dit geldt zowel voor de eigen inwoners als mensen van buiten de provincie. Dit kan bijvoorbeeld door de organisatie van side-events, waarbij toeschouwers en sporters naast het hoofdevenement ook deel kunnen nemen aan andere evenementen/activiteiten (Provincie Zeeland, 2013).

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Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

'De diehard' "Ik heb deelgenomen aan verschillende hardloopevenementen in Zeeland. De laatste was de Kustmarathon. We sliepen in een chalet in de buurt en hebben er eigenlijk een familieweekendje van gemaakt. Vrijdagavond hebben we gekeken bij de ladiesrun waar mijn moeder en zusje aan deelnamen, zaterdag moest ik zelf lopen en zondag hebben we gesupporterd voor familie die de wandelmarathon hebben gelopen. Zeeland is een mooie provincie om hard te lopen. De afwisseling van de hoogte en de ondergrond waar je op loopt is erg fijn."

Sportevenementen in Zeeland zijn een belangrijk onderdeel van het toeristisch product. In totaal zijn in 2013 in Zeeland 1,4 miljoen vakanties doorgebracht door Nederlanders. Het bezoeken van een sportevenement heeft tijdens 14.000 van deze vakanties plaatsgevonden. De gemiddelde verblijfsduur van deze vakanties is 3,7 dagen waarbij er gemiddeld 138 euro per persoon per vakantie wordt uitgegeven (NBTC NIPO Research, 2014). Uit interviews met sportbeoefenaars blijkt dat er veel wordt ingezet op sportevenementen. Populair zijn vooral de hardloop- en wielerevenementen. Zeeland biedt een mooi decor voor

Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

15

buitensportevenementen en vooral de kleinschaligheid wordt door deelnemers gewaardeerd. Tijdens de deelname aan het evenement draait het niet alleen om de prestaties, maar vooral om het meedoen en de saamhorigheid die hier aan verbonden zijn. Enkele respondenten die deelnemen of een bezoek brengen aan een evenement in Zeeland, overnachten in de regio. Dit is veelal bij familie of kennissen. Vaak wordt het bezoek aan Zeeland dan gecombineerd met andere toeristische activiteiten. Reizen die specifiek worden gemaakt om internationale topsportevenementen in Zeeland bij te wonen zijn minder van toepassing, omdat dit soort evenementen maar incidenteel plaatsvinden in Zeeland. Over het algemeen trekt een topsportevenement als een etappe van de Tour de France (Neeltje Jans, 15 juli 2015) in verhouding met een klein aantal atleten een groot aantal bezoekers, terwijl een breedtesportevenement in verhouding juist een groot aantal atleten trekt en een beperkt aantal toeschouwers. Het laatste is meestal van toepassing op Zeeland, bijvoorbeeld de Kustmarathon.

Kustmarathon Zeeland Het meest bekende, jaarlijks terugkerende sportevenement in Zeeland is de Kustmarathon Zeeland. In 2013 is er rondom deze marathon een economische impactmeting uitgevoerd. Het doel van dit onderzoek was om de economische impact te bepalen van de Kustmarathon Zeeland in de gemeenten Veere, Schouwen- Duiveland en Noord-Beveland. Uit het bezoekersprofiel komt naar voren dat: * 24 procent van de bezoekers afkomstig is uit bovenstaande gemeenten en 76 procent van buiten de regio. 34,8 procent van de respondenten zijn additionele bezoekers. Dit houdt in dat zij hebben aangegeven niet in de regio te zijn wanneer het evenement niet plaats had gevonden. Ze zijn dus speciaal voor het evenement naar de regio gekomen en worden daarom additioneel genoemd. * het evenement in drie dagen 20.000 bezoekers heeft getrokken. De respondent bezocht het evenement gemiddeld 1,73 dagen, dit betekent 11.560 unieke bezoekers. * het gemiddelde gezelschap bestaat uit 2,3 personen * 20,8 procent van de bezoekers overnacht in de regio, waarbij de gemiddelde verblijfsduur 3,1 nachten is. * de gemiddelde besteding aan overnachtingen ligt op 37,85 euro (Hagoort & Klerx, 2013).

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3.2 De sport 'legacy' toerist Als tweede typering van de sporttoerist kan de sport legacy toerist genoemd worden. De locaties waar grote sportevenementen zijn gehouden trekken ook bezoekers nadat het evenement is afgelopen. Deze sporttoeristen komen dan voor het erfgoed, de zogenoemde 'legacy' van sportevenementen. Een combinatie van de gebouwen, de prestaties die atleten op die plek hebben geleverd en de musea en andere bezienswaardigheden die herinneren aan het evenement zijn zaken die de legacy toerist aantrekken. Overigens wordt legacy ook vaak gebruikt als argument voor de toegevoegde, positieve effecten van een evenement op de stad (bekendheid), haar bewoners (trots, nieuwe of gerenoveerde faciliteiten) en economie (toename bestedingen, werkgelegenheid) (Gibson & Gammon, 2002). Het olympisch stadion, 'het vogelnest' in Beijing is bijvoorbeeld nog steeds een grote toeristische trekpleister en de legendarische berg de Alp d'Huez in Frankrijk trekt jaarlijks veel wielrenners die in navolging van verschillende wielericonen deze berg op de fiets willen bedwingen. In Zeeland zijn en worden met name op het gebied van wielersport een aantal grote evenementen georganiseerd. In de toekomst bieden bijvoorbeeld de herinneringen aan roemruchte Zeeuwse wielericonen als Jan Raas en Cees Priem, in combinatie met de plek van de finishplaats van een Tour de France etappe, aantrekkelijke aanknopingspunten voor het inspelen op de behoefte van de sport legacy toerist. Ook kunnen de fraaie beelden op televisie die tijdens een dergelijk evenement uitgezonden worden, dienen als marker voor zogenaamde 'future travel decisions'.

'De combinerende kilometervreter' "Ik combineer een fietstocht vaak met andere activiteiten met het gezin. Ik heb voor Zeeland gekozen omdat er familie woont maar vooral ook door de vele wielerwedstrijden die er worden georganiseerd. Het is fijn dat het er nog niet heel erg druk is vergeleken met het midden van Nederland. De evenementen zijn ontzettend goed georganiseerd in Zeeland. Ik verheug me op de Tour de France die in 2015 op Neeltje Jans gaat finishen. Dit kan een deur openen voor mensen die naar Zeeland willen komen, goede marketing! Ik heb twee kilometer van de start al een huisje geboekt. Ik kies bewust niet voor een hotel. Zij geven vaak niet de mogelijkheid om je fiets veilig te stallen. In Limburg zijn er bijvoorbeeld hotels die echt zijn ingericht op de fietser. Daar kunnen ze in Zeeland nog een voorbeeld aan nemen."

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3.3 De actieve sporttoerist Het gaat bij de actieve sporttoerist om de deelnemende sporttoerist en niet om de toeschouwer. Denk aan wintersporters, bergbeklimmers of - op Zeeland gericht - mensen die naar een plek aan de Zeeuwse kust reizen met bijvoorbeeld als doel surfen of wielrennen. Dat kan vanuit het perspectief van de competitieve sport, bijvoorbeeld een sportclub die op trainingskamp is. Het kan ook gaan om de recreatieve sporter die als primair, secundair dan wel incidenteel motief heeft een sportieve activiteit te ondernemen, als onderdeel van een langer verblijf aan de Zeeuwse kust (Robinson en Gammon, 2004). Veel gasten ondernemen tijdens hun bezoek aan Zeeland een sportactiviteit. Hierbij kan gedacht worden aan fietsen, wandelen of watersporten. Wanneer gekeken wordt naar de top 10 uitstapjes in Zeeland staat op nummer één een fiets tocht voor plezier en op nummer twee een wandeling voor plezier (NBTC NIPO Research, 2014).

'De liever voor de wind fietser' "We gaan altijd op pad met de caravan. We hadden heel Nederland al gehad behalve Zeeland. Wij hadden altijd het idee dat Zeeland kaal en winderig is. Na een bezoek aan Zeeland viel het ons meteen op dat het toch niet zo vlak is als we gedacht hadden. We verbleven een maand op de camping in Middelburg en hebben iedere dag gefietst. Via knooppuntenroutes kun je dit goed volgen. Zeeland zag er heel anders uit dan gedacht met allemaal leuke kleine plaatsjes. Het is denk ik wel een bestemming waar het goed weer moet zijn. Zeeland moet de gast ook iets kunnen bieden als het slechter weer is. Verblijfondernemers zouden toeristen soort abonnementen kunnen aanbieden waarmee ze andere (indoor)sporten kunnen beoefenen, bijvoorbeeld tennis."

Cijfers over de actieve sporttoerist zijn lastig te achterhalen, onder andere omdat de definiëring per meting verschilt. Volgens Gibson e.a. (1998) bestaat 10 tot 30 procent van de hele sport toeristische markt uit actieve sporttoeristen. Bij Duitsers en Nederlanders zijn sportgerelateerde reizen verantwoordelijk voor meer dan 50% van de buitenlandse reizen. Bij Fransen is dit 23% (Hinch & Higman, 2001). Uit onderzoek is ook wat informatie voorhanden over achtergrondkenmerken van de actieve sporttoerist. De gemiddelde actieve sporttoerist wordt gezien als fysiek actief, HBO of universitair opgeleid, relatief welvarend en met een leeftijd tussen de 18 en 44 jaar (Hinch & Higham, 2001). In plaats van te kijken naar absolute leeftijd, kan ook een indeling gemaakt worden op basis van het levenscyclus-perspectief. Zo onderscheiden Gibson e.a. (1998) binnen het sporttoerisme bijvoorbeeld de beginnende volwassenheid

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Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

(17-39 jaar), de middelbare volwassenheid (40-59 jaar) en de late volwassenheid (60-91 jaar). Zij geven aan dat actieve sporttoeristen zich vooral bevinden in de groep van beginnende volwassenheid, maar dat ook een aanzienlijke groep mannen en vrouwen uit de middelbare en late volwassenheid kiezen voor een sport gerelateerde vakantie. Mannen zijn eerder geneigd een sportieve vakantie te boeken dan vrouwen, waardoor de groep actieve sporttoeristen voor een groot deel uit mannen bestaat. Wanneer verder gekeken wordt naar geslacht wordt duidelijk dat hierin de sporttoeristische voorkeuren van mannen en vrouwen soms verschillen. Zo hebben vrouwen die deelnemen aan toeristische sportactiviteiten vaker dan mannen behoefte aan sociale contacten, ontspanning en het leren kennen van andere culturen tijdens en rondom de activiteit. Het type activiteit waarvoor iemand reist hangt deels samen met de sociaal-economische status van de sporttoerist. Sommige sporten, zoals golf en polo blijven voorbehouden aan een wat meer elitair publiek terwijl andere sporten zoals hardlopen en voetbal meer gedemocratiseerd zijn (Hinch & Higham, 2001). Leefstijl, attitude, opinie en persoonlijkheid geven ook inzicht in het gedrag en de wensen en behoeften van de sporttoerist. De markt voor de actieve sporttoerist kan worden onderverdeeld in de verschillen tussen "sport-for-all-participants" en degenen die een meer competitieve behoefte hebben. De motieven van recreanten om deel te nemen aan een breedtesportevenement of

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activiteit zijn het verkrijgen van een gevoel van vreugde en enthousiasme, controle over de situatie, beweging, culturele ervaring, het verlies van het gevoel van tijd en ruimte, genieten van de inspanning, gezondheid en sociale contacten (Dreyer & Kruger, 1995; Standeven & De Knop, 1999). De motieven van prestatiegerichte deelnemers kunnen zijn: zichzelf willen verbeteren, een doel hebben om voor te trainen en verbondenheid met de sport (Green & Chalip, 1998). Actieve participatie aan een sporttoeristische activiteit kan ook worden beschouwd als een expressie van identiteit. Deelnemers zijn betrokken bij een subcultuur en waarderen hierdoor het evenement of de activiteit. Veel actieve sporttoeristen geven voorgang aan het delen en bevestigen van hun identiteit, vrijheid, spontaniteit en creativiteit. Zij hechten minder waarde aan hun competitieve prestaties (Green & Chalip, 1998; Thomson, 2000). Deze psychografische kenmerken komen overeen met de kenmerken van lifestyle sporters zoals surfers, skaters, snowboarders en duikers (Wheaton, 2004). Tot slot is bekend dat de gemiddelde sporttoerist bereid is forse afstanden af te leggen voor de beoefening van een sportieve activiteit en dat herhaalbezoek veel voorkomt bij de actieve sporttoerist (Gibson e.a., 1998). Uit de interviews met sporttoeristen die Zeeland bezoeken, blijkt dat zij vaak het totaalaanbod missen in Zeeland. Aanbieders van verblijfsaccommodatie, vervoer en vermaak bieden afzonderlijk hun product aan. Ondernemers zouden er goed aan doen meer samenwerkingskansen te benutten om een compleet product aan te bieden. Hierdoor kunnen de gasten ook meer besteden.

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Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

4 Best practices

In de voorgaande hoofdstukken kwam naar voren dat een beleid, gericht op de actieve breedtesporttoerist (en niet alleen op de evenementtoerist) kansen biedt voor Zeeland. Hieronder volgen enkele concrete voorbeelden waarin de actieve (breedte)sporttoerist centraal staat. Deze voorbeelden kunnen mogelijk dienen ter inspiratie voor Zeeland. De voorbeelden bevatten zowel ideeën over samenwerking, als over een gebiedsbenadering en het type activiteiten.

Alpen en Ardennen Wintersportbestemmingen zijn bestemmingen waar sportbeoefening, bestemming en overnachting samenkomen. Deze gebieden zien het als hun core business om sporttoeristen aan te trekken en beschikken over alle faciliteiten die bepalend zijn voor een sportvakantie. Zo heb je er bergen, de sneeuw (zekerheid), horeca, gezelligheid van het dorp, reputatie en de herinneringen en verhalen van mensen. Vaak werken ondernemers in de gebieden samen of is het mogelijk via een reisorganisatie een compleet verzorgde trip te boeken waarbij de reis, de overnachtingen, de skipas en eventueel ook maaltijden zijn inbegrepen. Ook kennen de meeste wintersportgebieden een gezamenlijke, digitale portal, waar de sporttoerist alle benodigde informatie kan vinden. Ditzelfde geldt voor de Ardennen. Ook daar kunnen compleet verzorgde en op maat gemaakte outdoor vakanties geboekt worden.

Camperduin In Noord-Holland (Camperduin tot Petten) wordt een nieuw duinlandschap gecreëerd met een strandbreedte van 200-300 meter. Het project heeft als hoofddoel het versterken van de kust en het verlagen van het doorbraakrisico voor de komende jaren. Daarnaast wil men de kwaliteit van recreatieve voorzieningen verhogen. Vanuit de verschillende ondernemers zijn er initiatieven bedacht en uitgewerkt om te komen tot een recreatieve functie van het gebied Camperduin.

'De veelzijdige strandfanaat' "Ik speel zelf beachsoccer en organiseer ook evenementen in deze sport. Lekker sporten in de buitenlucht met een windje en uitzicht op het strand, dat is toch heerlijk. Ik vind dat het strand te weinig wordt benut als sportlocatie. Ik zou het leuk vinden als de volgende generaties kunnen kennismaken met verschillende beachsporten. We kunnen bijvoorbeeld ook kanoën, kajakken, badmintonnen of tennissen op het strand."

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In 2013 is op verschillende gebieden samenwerking ontstaan tussen een strandpaviljoen, strand hotel, groepsaccommodatie, organisatiebedrijf van groepsuitjes, surfschool, appartementen complex, (geprivatiseerd) parkeerterrein en een snackbar. Door deze samenwerking krijgt het gebied verschillende functies waarbij ook sport een belangrijk onderdeel is. Eén van de samenwerkingsinitiatieven is de ontwikkeling van een sportpaviljoen. Hiermee wordt voorzien in de behoefte van zowel de lokale en regionale bevolking alsook voor de actieve dagrecreant en verblijfsrecreant van alle leeftijden. Het sportpaviljoen is een startpunt voor het beoefenen van een water- of beachsport. Ook kunnen er materialen opgeslagen worden. Daarnaast zijn er instructieruimtes, douches en ondersteunende horeca. Een van de sportactiviteiten die vanuit het sportpaviljoen aangeboden wordt, is een middag zeilfietsen. De zeilfiets is een driewielige fiets waarbij de wind wordt gebruikt als extra 'groene motor' (Gemeente Bergen, 2014).

Provincie Overijssel 'Bewegen in het Groen' Sportservice Overijssel heeft uitvoering gegeven aan het project 'Bewegen in het Groen'. De doelstelling van het project was om enerzijds de provincie aantrekkelijk te maken voor recreatie en toerisme en anderzijds sportaccommodaties van sportverenigingen beter te benutten. De verbinding tussen de sport, natuur en de sector toerisme & recreatie staat hierbij centraal; samenwerking tussen de relevante partners kan de mogelijkheid bieden om bezoekers van Overijssel aan te zetten tot bewegen in het groen.

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Een aantal pilots zijn ontwikkeld in samenwerking met Sportservice Overijssel en de sportverenigingen in de provincie om een beeld te krijgen van welke samenwerkingen kunnen leiden tot de voorgestelde doelen. Uiteindelijk bleek uit de evaluaties met de sportverenigingen dat vier van de zes pilots succesvol waren. Vooral de groepsgerichte arrangementen die met het aanbod dicht bij de kernactiviteit van de sportvereniging bleven, bleken het meest aan te slaan. De pilot van kanovereniging Hardenberg is één van de succesvolle pilots. In samenwerking met onder andere een natuuractiviteitencentrum en een outdoorbedrijf heeft de kanovereniging een arrangement ontwikkeld waarbij een kanotocht over de Vecht gemaakt wordt. Het arrangement richt zich voornamelijk op gezinnen die op omliggende campings verblijven. Een van de belangrijkste resultaten van de pilots is dat de meerwaarde van 'Bewegen in het Groen' lag bij de samenwerking tussen de verschillende partners die in de arrangementen participeerden. De nieuwe samenwerkingsnetwerken die zijn ontstaan tussen de sport, sport & recreatie en natuur bieden in het vervolg perspectief voor het versterken van de positie van de provincie Overijssel als sportprovincie. Bovendien heeft het nieuw aanbod opgeleverd voor de huidige en toekomstige sporttoerist in Overijssel ( Sportservice Overijssel, 2013).

'De zandhappende balkunstenaar' "Ik doe ieder jaar mee met het beachvolley evenement in Zoutelande. Gewoon lekker in een ongedwongen sfeer een potje spelen. 'Hoe meer zielen, hoe meer vreugde' gaat hier zeker op. De locatie is top, onder aan de duinen zodat we in de pauze lekker de zee in kunnen duiken. Hiernaast wil ik nog meegeven dat Zeeland ook een unieke locatie is voor fietsers en dan niet alleen recreatieve fietsers maar ook mountainbikers. Een lekker zwaar parcours over de duinen en door het bos is altijd leuk. Een lekkere frisse zeelucht voor de randstadbewoners zal niet verkeerd zijn denk ik."

Vrijetijdslandschappen Vrijetijdslandschappen zijn gebieden die in het teken staan van vrijetijdsbesteding. In een vrijetijdslandschap komen facetten zoals sport, recreatie, leisure, cultuur, design, technologie, multimedia en belevingen bij elkaar. Het zijn hiermee bestemmingen die meerdere doeleinden vervullen. Een vrijetijdslandschap kan gezien worden als een sportgebied maar ook als een stadspark voor de lokale bevolking, terrein voor evenementen, bestemming voor toeristen en kan als input dienen voor citymarketing en regiobranding. Er zijn een aantal Europese bestemmingen die zich profileren als sportbestemming en een ontwikkeling doormaken tot 'vrijetijdslandschap'.

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Bij een vrijetijdslandschap zijn meerdere stakeholders betrokken waardoor het een complex geheel kan worden. Iedere partij heeft immers zijn eigen belang en verantwoordelijkheid. Er zijn verschillende voorbeelden te noemen van steden die vrijetijdslandschappen hebben ontwikkeld. Eén hiervan is 'Ta'Qali Park' in Malta. Het park wordt gebruikt voor vrijetijdsbesteding, toerisme en (sport) evenementen voor bewoners van omliggende dorpen en steden en internationale toeristen. In Malta wordt vooral in het naseizoen actief ingezet op sporttoerisme. Er worden evenementen georganiseerd die passen bij de regio. Ook worden arrangementen aangeboden op gebied van golf, fietsen en rotsklimmen. Hotels spelen in op de vraag naar zeilen, windsurfen en duiken (European Tourism Futures Institute, 2014).

Surfdorp F.A.S.T. Scheveningen F.A.S.T. (Free Architecture Surf Terrain) is een surfdorp gesitueerd op een stilgevallen bouwlocatie aan de boulevard van Scheveningen (Fast The Hague, 2014). Het tijdelijke project is een initiatief van 'DOEN Evenementen' met als doel het invullen van deze bouwlocatie en het creëren van voorzieningen voor surfers. In 2009 is het project gestart met de bouw van een drietal containers: een restaurant, een kantoor en een verblijfsaccommodatie. Anno 2014 is de locatie uitgebouwd tot een waar 'dorp'. De verschillende containers op deze locatie bieden ruimte aan diverse doeleinden. Zo zijn er een beach-hostel, kampeer- en camperplaatsen, een bar, een restaurant, kunstprojecten, een surfwinkel en reparatiewerkplaats, een surfschool en boardopslag.

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Het zogenoemde surfdorp staat voor 'ontwikkeling tijdens uitvoering' en heeft geen vast eindbeleid, waardoor er ruimte is om creatief om te gaan met uitbreiding van het dorp. Het project is ontstaan uit diverse samenwerkingen en biedt dan ook de gelegenheid voor geïnteresseerde ondernemers om zich te vestigen in het surfdorp. Naast de vele faciliteiten rondom surfen biedt de locatie de mogelijkheid tot overnachten in het beach-hostel (50 bedden) of op het aangrenzende kampeerterrein. Diverse (weekend) arrangementen kunnen worden geboekt op aanvraag via de website.

Ameland Ameland, één van de Nederlandse Waddeneilanden, richt zich in haar beleid op de sportieve dag- en verblijfstoerist. De toeristische visie 'Gastvrij, Actief en Gezond', wordt ingevuld door het aanbieden van wandel- en fietsmogelijkheden maar vooral ook door de inzet op sportevenementen. De Stichting Sportpromotie Ameland is in het leven geroepen als organisator en initiator van sportevenementen op Ameland. Zij organiseren onder andere een mountainbike evenement, een cross triatlon, de wandeltocht 'tussen slik en zand' en een adventure run. Andere sportevenementen op het eiland zijn het rondje Ameland, een wandeltocht van bijna 50 kilometer rondom het eiland en de vuurtorenrun, een hardloopwedstrijd op de trappen van de vuurtoren. De VVV Ameland is een belangrijke samenwerkingspartner op het gebied van

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sportevenementen in Ameland. Bij de VVV kunnen sporters bijvoorbeeld terecht voor het ophalen van hun startnummer, maar ook voor complete arrangementen rondom het sportevenement waar ook verblijf, vervoer en maaltijden onderdeel van uit maken (Stichting Sportpromotie Ameland, 2014).

Limburg Het Zuid Limburgse heuvellandschap is populair onder de wielrenners. Zo populair dat bij het aanleggen van de wegen rekening wordt gehouden met wielrenners. Bij de ongeveer vijftig toertochten die jaarlijks worden gereden stappen zo'n 60 duizend deelnemers op de fiets. De organisatie Fietsrijk Limburg speelt goed in op deze vraag. Dit is een collectief van ondernemers uit verschillende sectoren die betrokken zijn bij het verzorgen van een positieve fietservaring in Limburg. Zowel logiesaccommodaties als evenementenorganisaties en tweewielerorganisaties zijn onderdeel van Fietsrijk Limburg. Gasten hebben de mogelijkheid om gebruik te maken van speciale arrangementen die zijn samengesteld voor wielrenners en fietsers. Logiesaccommodaties moeten aan bepaalde criteria voldoen. Zo kunnen gasten de accommodatie voor één nacht boeken, kunnen ze gebruik maken van een afgesloten fietsenstalling en zijn er speciale fietsfaciliteiten aanwezig (Fietsrijklimburg, 2014).

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Adventure passport Wales profileert zich als een avontuurlijke vakantiebestemming. Verschillende outdoor organisaties/ sportaanbieders hebben hun krachten gebundeld en een Adventure Passport ontwikkeld. Dit paspoort geeft bezoekers toegang tot verschillende (avontuurlijke) sportactiviteiten in Wales. Na het bezoeken van een attractie ontvangen bezoekers een stempel in het paspoort. Wanneer een bepaald aantal stempels is verzameld, is er gratis toegang tot een surf- en watersportpark dat in 2015 geopend wordt (NRIT Media, 2014).

Coasteering Coasteering is een activiteit waarbij de deelnemers zich verplaatsen langs een (rotsachtige) kust, waar getijdenwisselingen zorgen voor meer of minder water en waarbij geen hulpmiddelen zoals vlotten of boten gebruikt worden. Net als bij canyoning dragen de deelnemers wetsuits en beschermende kleding en soms een klim gordel. Door afwisselend te zwemmen (in rustig water, maar ook in water met hoge golven/ stroming), te klimmen, klauteren, abseilen, wandelen/ rennen en te springen van rotsen in het water legt de deelnemer een traject af. Coasteering maakt soms ook deel uit van een adventure race langs de kust (Coasteering, 2014).

Swimtrek Swimtrek is een reisorganisatie die avontuurlijke zwemvakanties organiseert. Tijdens deze vakanties wordt gezwommen in open water (zee of meren) en verplaatsen de deelnemers zich al zwemmend naar de volgende overnachtingslocatie. Ze zwemmen bijvoorbeeld van eiland naar eiland, of een stuk langs de kust, waarbij hun bagage door een volgboot of over land vervoerd wordt. De openwaterzwemmer kan bij swimtrek kiezen uit verschillende locaties, tijdspannes (1 tot 8 dagen, met mogelijkheid tot verlenging) en af te leggen afstanden. Ook kun je kiezen voor reizen met of zonder coaching. Wanneer je te moe bent om de volledige afstand tussen twee locaties af te leggen, kun je ook (een stukje) meevaren met de volgboot. Swimtrek biedt ook een reis aan voor gezelschappen en/of gezinnen waarbij niet iedereen een zwemmer is. De niet-zwemmers en zwemmers kunnen dan ook gebruik maken van een breed activiteiten aanbod zoals zeilen, windsurfen, duiken, mountainbiken en begeleide fietstochten. Ook kunnen ze gebruik maken van een indoor fitness, de spa en een kinderclub (Swimtrek, 2014).

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5. Kansrijk voor Zeeland

In deze themapublicatie is een verkenning uitgevoerd naar de combinatie van sport en toerisme in Zeeland. Op basis van theorie en praktijkvoorbeelden is gezocht naar handvatten, voor zowel overheden als ondernemers, om Zeeland verder te kunnen ontwikkelen tot sporttoeristische bestemming. Er is dieper ingegaan op het begrip sporttoerisme en welke drie specifieke vormen van sporttoerisme te onderscheiden zijn. Vervolgens zijn de achtergrondkenmerken van een sporttoerist beschreven en zijn tot slot een aantal praktijkvoorbeelden aan bod gekomen. In dit hoofdstuk wordt een aantal kansen beschreven waarin sport en toerisme elkaar kunnen versterken. Om sporttoerisme in de provincie te stimuleren, is het noodzakelijk dat Zeeland aandacht besteedt aan de volgende aanbevelingen.

Bundel je krachten Wanneer aandacht besteed wordt aan sporttoerisme, is het van belang rekening te houden met verschillende typen sporttoeristen. In deze publicatie is onderscheid gemaakt tussen de evenementtoerist (de passieve en actieve bezoekers van sportevenementen), de actieve sporttoerist (de toerist die op recreatieve basis tijdens zijn vakantie sport- en/of beweegactiviteiten beoefend) en de sport legacy toerist (de toerist die vooral reist om sport gerelateerde musea en beroemde sportlocaties te bezoeken). Allereerst biedt deze typering de mogelijkheid om voor iedere kernsport die in Zeeland centraal staat (watersport, beachsport en fietsen) het (toeristisch) sport aanbod verder vorm te geven. Binnen de drie kernsporten wordt nu vooral een focus gelegd op de sportevenementbezoeker en de prestatieve/competitieve sporter. Het blijkt dat de recreatieve, actieve sporttoerist evenzeer, of zelfs nog wel van groter belang kan zijn voor Zeeland. De natuurlijke omgeving van Zeeland daagt uit tot bewegen en een gezonde leefstijl. Wie een dagje of weekendje naar zee gaat, maakt vrijwel altijd een strandwandeling. In de zomer wordt er volop in en op het water gespeeld en bewogen, zonder dat daar een prestatief doel achter zit. Mensen worden zich steeds bewuster van een gezondere leefstijl (Voedingscentrum, 2011). Dit komt bijvoorbeeld tot uiting in een gezond eetpatroon maar ook in voldoende lichaamsbeweging. Niet alleen in de woonomgeving wordt hier aandacht aan besteed maar ook steeds meer tijdens vrijetijdsbesteding (NRIT, 2015). Met het oog op belangrijke wielersportevenementen in Zeeland kan ook de sport legacy toerist een interessante doelgroep zijn. Veel fietsers vinden het aantrekkelijk om in de voetsporen van de deelnemers aan de Tour de France een tocht te maken over de stormvloedkering. Uiteraard is er overlap tussen de verschillende typen sporttoeristen. Zo kan een toeschouwer van de kustmarathon die zelf in datzelfde weekend ook een fietstocht maakt in Zeeland, zowel als passieve sportevenement toerist als ook als recreatieve actieve sporttoerist worden gezien.

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Ook een fietser die tijdens zijn fietstocht Neeltje Jans aan doet om zich even een echte Tour de France deelnemer te voelen, is zowel een legacy als een actieve sporttoerist. Om een goed product voor de sporttoerist te kunnen aanbieden, is het goed om te kijken hoe de verschillende vormen van sporttoerisme elkaar kunnen versterken en aanvullen. Sportevenementen hebben over het algemeen een grote aantrekkingskracht op publiek, media en het bedrijfsleven. Hoewel de positieve effecten van evenementen niet onomstotelijk vast staan en ze vaak ook maar van korte duur zijn, kunnen evenementen wel nieuwe toeristen aantrekken en bijdragen aan een positief imago van de regio en de sport. Met name wanneer ingezet wordt op laagdrempelige 'side' activiteiten en arrangementen, kunnen sporttoeristen verleid worden langer in Zeeland te verblijven.

Sporttoerisme is teamsport! Een sterke combinatie van sport en toerisme in Zeeland vraagt om nauwe samenwerking tussen verschillende sectoren, ondernemers en overheden. Deze samenwerking kan op drie verschillende niveaus plaatsvinden; strategisch, organisatorisch en uitvoerend. 1. Hoewel de terugtrekkende overheid een feit is, kunnen lokale en provinciale overheden in hun beleid wel duidelijke kaders schetsen door sportbeleid en toeristisch beleid nadrukkelijk

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aan elkaar te koppelen en daarin ook keuzes te maken. Momenteel is het onderwerp sporttoerisme bij de provincie en de Zeeuwse gemeenten een relatief onontgonnen gebied. Door de discussie over de combinatie tussen sport en toerisme aan te jagen, nadrukkelijker te agenderen en faciliteren, kunnen de provincie en de gemeenten innovatieve ondernemers stimuleren met dit onderwerp aan de slag te gaan. Ook het behoud/ onderhoud van de natuurlijke (sport)omgeving is een (gedeelde) taak van de overheid. 2. Voor de sporttoerist die Zeeland bezoekt, moeten de mogelijkheden rondom sportactiviteiten goed en gemakkelijk vindbaar zijn. Het aanbod zou dus als ware gebundeld moeten worden en uitgegeven worden vanuit één organisatie. Gesprekken met sporttoeristen die voor deze verkenning zijn geïnterviewd en eerder onderzoek onder watersporters, wijzen bijvoorbeeld uit dat zij een gecombineerd aanbod/ arrangementen in Zeeland missen. Een organisatie als VVV Zeeland zou verschillende diensten en producten als menu-onderdelen voor de sporttoerist kunnen aanbieden, waarmee de gast zelf zijn/haar sporttoeristische arrangement kan samenstellen. Ook liggen er kansen om sport(toeristische) producten onderdeel te laten uitmaken van de Zeelandpas. Belangrijk hierbij is dat de behoeften van de sporttoerist in kaart worden gebracht zodat een juist product aangeboden kan worden.

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3. Er kunnen verschillende sportactiviteiten ontwikkeld worden voor de gast. Het idee 'island hopping' of verplaatsen langs de kust, waarbij onderweg op verschillende plekken wordt overnacht, zouden ook in Zeeland kunnen werken. Voorwaarde voor dit soort activiteiten is ook weer de samenwerking tussen ondernemers, organisaties en overheden. Aanbieders van verschillende sportactiviteiten/verhuurders van sportmaterialen, verblijfsaccommodatie ondernemers en touroperators zullen hiervoor de handen ineen moeten slaan. Er zijn verschillende verbanden te leggen tussen sectoren sport en toerisme. Maar ook andere sectoren zoals natuur, horeca én zorg kunnen een rol spelen in een samenwerkingsverband. Vanuit het oogpunt van de ontwikkeling 'Zeeland als gezonde regio' is het vanzelfsprekend dat de sectoren zorg, toerisme en sport samenwerken, met als doel een omgeving te creëren die uitnodigt tot actief en gezond gedrag en waarin gasten een optimale vakantiebeleving hebben.

Zonder geschikt landschap geen sporttoerist Uit de praktijkvoorbeelden die in deze rapportage zijn beschreven, blijkt dat het landschap een bepalende rol heeft binnen het sporttoerisme. Bij de inrichting van het gebied is het goed om rekening te houden met de verschillende gebruikers, waaronder ook de sporttoerist. Het Zeeuwse landschap nodigt van nature al uit tot bewegen en met de toevoeging van kleine aanpassingen/ voorzieningen kan deze kracht nog verder uitgebouwd worden. Hierbij kan gedacht worden aan kleine veranderingen in de infrastructuur, bijvoorbeeld een korte 'omlegging' van een fietspad, waardoor deze niet alleen aantrekkelijk is voor de fietsforens, maar ook voor de sportieve fietser; extra informatievoorziening, bijvoorbeeld bordjes met daarop de afstand die is afgelegd of tips om prettig te sporten en; faciliteiten, zoals bijvoorbeeld douches op parkeerplaatsen aan de kust.

'De vernieuwende strandtennisser' "Ik volg op dit moment een zware opleiding. In het weekend kom ik graag naar Zeeland om te beachtennissen. Als ik de N57 oprij heb ik echt een vakantiegevoel. Beachtennis is een relatief kleine sport, maar wel een sport die, zeker in de zomer, toe is aan uitbreiding en zeker ook populair is. Je ziet echt mensen uit de Randstad en uit Brabant, toch nog wel naar Zeeland trekken. Ik zie het nog niet voor me dat deze sport gecombineerd kan worden met een verblijf in Zeeland. Daar is de sport nog te klein voor. Je zou het dan moeten combineren met andere sportactiviteiten."

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Het is wenselijk dat bij de ontwikkeling van sporttoeristisch beleid en/of activiteiten ook rekening gehouden wordt met eventuele onbedoelde negatieve effecten. De sporttoerist draagt een bijzondere verantwoordelijkheid voor het respectvol omgaan met andere sporttoeristen en het kustlandschap. Zo bestaat er discussie over wandel- en fietspaden en de verschillende gebruikers hiervan met verschillende voorkeuren. Dit geldt ook voor duikers, surfers en vissers die afhankelijk zijn van hetzelfde water. Ook is het mogelijk dat stilte zoekende sporttoeristen het landschap ongewild beschadigen wanneer zij zich buiten de gebaande paden begeven. Het verder uitdragen van het verantwoordelijkheidsgevoel onder sporttoeristen kan onder andere gecreëerd worden door in de informatie voorziening ook rekening te houden met de thema's duurzaamheid en verantwoordelijkheid. Zuinig zijn op de kust en haar koesteren zorgt er namelijk voor dat ook de toekomstige generaties kunnen genieten van een actief en gezond verblijf aan de kust.

Verspreid je kansen In het beleid van Provincie Zeeland is uitdrukkelijk gekozen voor een focus op drie kernsporten; beachsport, watersport en wielersport. Deze sluiten aan bij de sportieve - en culturele geschiedenis van Zeeland en bij de LAND IN ZEE! gedachten. Geadviseerd wordt om de drie kernsporten meer vorm te geven. Tijdens het onderzoek is naar voren gekomen dat de drie kernsporten in mindere mate afgebakend zijn en een aantal, voor Zeeland belangrijke activiteiten, niet benoemd worden. Zo wordt weinig aandacht besteed aan het wandelen in onze provincie, terwijl een grote groep toeristen deze breedtesport activiteit veelvuldig onderneemt. Zeeland kent vele recreatieve wandelnetwerken die passen bij het natuurlijke

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landschap. Door hier meer de focus op te leggen wordt ingespeeld op de behoeften van de actieve sporttoerist. Daarnaast zou een grotere focus op de duiksport kansrijk zijn. Deze sport sluit aan bij de LAND IN ZEE! gedachte en trekt gasten van over de landsgrenzen naar Zeeland, vaak met een hoog bestedingspatroon. Meestal zijn dit sporters voor wie competitiesport en/ of evenementen minder van belang zijn. Wanneer de provincie zich meer gaat richten op de actieve sporttoerist, is de duiksport zeker een onderdeel dat aandacht behoeft.

Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming kansrijk maar vraagt ook meer inzicht Deze rapportage is slechts een verkenning geweest van de kansen die sporttoerisme voor Zeeland zou kunnen bieden. Kansen liggen er zeker, maar om hier optimaal van te kunnen profiteren is meer inzicht nodig. De customer journey (de ervaring van de bezoeker voor, tijdens en na het bezoek aan de kust) van de verschillende typen sporttoeristen zal bijvoorbeeld nader onderzocht moeten worden om beter op hun behoeften te kunnen inspelen. Hiervoor zouden pilot projecten uitgevoerd kunnen worden waarbij innovatieve ondernemers zich specifiek richten op arrangementen voor een bepaald type sporttoerist. Ook is nader onderzoek gewenst ten aanzien van de kernsporten en welke relatie er is tussen deze sporten en het imago van Zeeland. In het kader van de gezonde regio zijn vraagstukken zoals of en hoe precies de natuurlijke omgeving aanzet tot actief en gezond gedrag en welke bijzondere rol de kust en de zee daarin spelen, eveneens interessant voor vervolgonderzoek. Ook vragen rondom het landschapsperspectief, bijvoorbeeld de afhankelijkheid van sporten van de natuurlijke omgeving (om een sport als kitesurfen te beoefenen is bijvoorbeeld (ondiep) water en wind uit de juiste richting en van een bepaalde sterkte nodig) en de invloed van sportbeoefening op het landschap (bijvoorbeeld verstoren van de natuur door wandelaars in de duinen) verdienen nadere aandacht.

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Referentielijst

* Bottenburg, M. van. (2003). Top- en breedtesport: een Siamese tweeling?. K. Breedveld (red.), Rapportage sport, 285-314 * Colijn, J. & Kok, R. ( 2007). Sportmarketing. Pearson Education, Amsterdam * Dreyer, A. & Kruger, A. (1995). Sporttourismus. München: Oldenbourg * European Tourism Futures Institue (2014). Sporttoerisme, Sportas Amsterdam * Funk, D.C., Toohey, K. and Bruun, T. (2007). ''International sport event participation: prior sport involvement; destination image; and travel motives'', European Sport Management Quarterly, Vol. 7 No. 3, pp. 227-48 * Gammon, S. and Robinson, T. 1997. Sport Tourism: A Conceptual Framework, Journal of Sport Tourism, Vol. 4, No. 3 * Gemeente Bergen, Visie ondernemers Camperduin, 2014 * Gibson, H. J. (2007). Moving beyond the "what is and who" of sport tourism to understanding "why". Journal of Sport & Tourism, 9(3), 247-265 * Gibson e.a., (1998). Sport Tourism: A Critical Analysis of Research, Sport Management Review, 1998, 1, 45-76 * Gibson, H.J., Willming, C. & Holdnak, A. (2003). Small-scale Event Sport Tourism: Fans as Tourists. In Tourism Management, 24, 2, 181-90 * Green, B. C., & Chalip, L. (1998). Sport tourism as the celebration of subculture. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(2), 275-291 * Hagoort, F. en Klerx, T. (2013). Rapportage Economische impactmeting Marathon Zeeland, Trequarista-NHTV, Breda * Harrison-Hill, T. & Chalip, L. (2005). Marketing Sport Tourism: Creating Synergy between Sport and Destination, Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics, 8:2, 302-320 * Hinch, T. D., & Higham, J. E. (2001). Sport tourism: A framework for research. International Journal of Tourism Research, 3(1), 45-58 * Hover, P., Straatmeijer, J., en Breedveld, K.( 2014). Sportevenementen in Nederland. Utrecht, Mulier Instituut * Kenniscentrum Kusttoerisme (2012). Themapublicatie: Daarom Watersport * Kenniscentrum Kusttoerisme (2011). Themapublicatie: Dutch Divers' Delta * Kenniscentrum Kusttoerisme (2014). Themapublicatie: Zeeland Hotspot voor watersport * NBTC-NIPO Research (2013). Hét Watersportonderzoek * NBTC-NIPO Research (2014). ContinuVakantieOnderzoek * NRIT (2015). Tien vakantie trends volgens Cherry Picker. Kennisbank NRIT. Geraadpleegd op 02-02-2015 op http://www.nritmedia.nl/kennisbank/34018/

34

Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

* Provincie Zeeland (2013). Kernsportplan Provincie Zeeland * Robinson, T., & Gammon, S. (2004). A question of primary and secondary motives: revisiting and applying the sport tourism framework. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 9(3), 221-233 * Sportservice Overijssel (2013), Rapportage Bewegen in het Groen * Standeven J, De Knop P. (1999). Sport Tourism. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. * Thomson, (2000). Physical activity through sport and leisure: Traditional versus non-competitive activities. Journal of Physical Education New Zealand, 33 (1), 34-39 * Voedingscentrum (2011). Meer mensen willen gezonder eten. Geraadpleegd op 02-02-2015 op http://www.voedingscentrum.nl/nl/nieuws/meer-consumenten-willen-gezonder-eten.aspx * Wheaton, B. (2004). Understanding Lifestyle Sports. Routledge, New York Geraadpleegde websites * www.coasteering.com, geraadpleegd op 19 november 2014 * www.fastthehague.com, geraadpleegd op 3 december 2014 * www.fietsrijklimburg.nl, geraadpleegd op 3 december 2014 * www.kitzbueheler-alpen.com/nl/, geraadpleegd op 19 november 2014 * www.nritmedia.nl/nieuw/kennisbank/33660/Leisure_paspoort_voor_avontuurlijke_ sporten/, geraadpleegd op 2 december 2014 * www.sportpromotie-ameland.nl/, geraadpleegd op 3 december 2014 * www.swimtrek.com/, geraadpleegd op 19 november 2014

Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming

35

Sport is tegenwoordig een belangrijke vorm van vrijetijdsbesteding. Veel mensen beoefenen ook tijdens hun vakantie een sportieve activiteit. Voor sommige mensen is sport het primaire doel waarom ze op vakantie gaan, maar vaak is het ook een secundaire of nevenactiviteit. Sport en toerisme zijn daarom een populaire combinatie, waardoor de nichemarkt sporttoerisme is ontstaan. Sport biedt kansen voor toeristisch Zeeland. De natuurlijke omgeving van Zeeland nodigt uit tot bewegen en biedt daardoor mogelijkheden voor de beoefening van een breed scala aan sport en beweegactiviteiten. Omdat Zeeland een populaire toeristische bestemming is, ligt een combinatie van sport en toerisme ook hier voor de hand. In deze themapublicatie wordt eerst ingegaan op Zeeland als sportprovincie. Daarna wordt toegelicht wat het begrip sporttoerisme inhoudt en welke drie specifieke vormen van sporttoerisme er te onderscheiden zijn. Ook worden enkele achtergrondkenmerken van sporttoeristen beschreven. Ten slotte worden er een aantal best practices genoemd en komen de kansen op het gebied van sporttoerisme in Zeeland aan bod.

Kenniscentrum Kusttoerisme NHTV

HZ University of Applied Sciences

internationaal hoger onderwijs Breda Postbus 364 Postbus 3917

4380 AJ Vlissingen

4800 DX Breda

T (0118) 489 850

E [email protected]

E [email protected]

www.kenniscentrumtoerisme.nl www.kenniscentrumtoerisme.nl

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Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming JAARGANG 6 - PDF Free Download

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Zeeland als sporttoeristische bestemming 1 2015 JAARGANG 6 Colofon Dit themarapport is een uitgave van Kenniscentrum Kusttoerisme. © 2015, Kenniscentrum Kusttoerisme Bij het samenstellen van dit rapport is de grootste zorgvuldigheid betracht. Kenniscentrum Kusttoerisme is echter niet aansprakelijk voor enige directe of indirecte schade als gevolg van de aangeboden informatie in deze publicatie.

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Sports, travel, and tourism go hand-in-hand. Whether it's professional sportspeople and officials attending tournaments and events or fans thronging a country to witness a global sports showcase, sports tourism is now an established niche in the travel industry.

The United Nations World Tourism Organization describes the over 500 billion pound industry as one of the fastest growing sectors in tourism and travel.

And it's not only the Olympics, Indian Premier League, FIFA World Cup, or other similar major events that are driving global travel, but also high school sports, team travel, and amateur competitions. But which are some of the heavy-hitters of sports tourism? Here we look at five international events that should be on our bucket list.

The Olympics

With all the travel logistics, you usually take for granted being ratcheted up to an Olympic level, attending the Olympics can be both a thrill and a challenge. Even before the games begin, host cities usually put on a massive display for sponsors and exhibitors to display their products. These displays usually happen close to the main Olympic stadium, with mascots running around, live events from international stars, and interactive games and exhibits.

Olympics teams often travel with massive entourages of officials, supporting staff, and administrators. The show organisers and broadcasting teams also travel with teams and equipment. Such a massive influx of people requires transport, venues, hotels, food, and other resources that can boost the local hospitality, travel, and logistics sectors. Most host cities are exceptional travel destinations in their own right, and a lot of sports fans get a feel for the host city and country while they are there.

FIFA World Cup

The FIFA World Cup comes around once every four years, but to most football fans, the action is always over far too soon. The tournament is the same every time, with 32 national football teams heading to a host country to compete in the beautiful game's greatest spectacle. Like most other global sports events on this list, the FIFA World Cup brings together a mixed dish of people and cultures that would, otherwise, rarely mix.

The festival atmosphere also always manages to drag other industries into the mix. Fans are always on the lookout for the best free football betting tips before they head to their favourite online sports betting sites. A variety of sponsors from every part of the world, including an official beer partner, are also keen to be part of the action.

Indian Premier League

Cricket is undeniably India's most popular sport. With each edition of the Indian Premier League, the influx of travellers to the host cities surges significantly. With an average attendance of over 50 000 fans per match, the IPL only comes second to the NFL. The rise in travel is also fuelled by attractions like the Taj Mahal, as a lot of tourists combine their holidays with the IPL league. While most matches are hosted in cities like Bangalore and Chennai, Pondicherry and Mysore also record a corresponding boost in hotel occupancy rates.

Golf Tournaments

An old golf industry saying jokes that all games are local. While the saying is mostly true-most golfers play within an hour of their homes-golf travel is a significant part of the industry. However, in 2018, the National Golf Foundation reported that over 8.2 million golfers played while they were travelling for leisure or business. Plenty more aspire to enjoy that special golf adventure every couple of years. Whether it's a solo journey, family vacations, buddies' trips, or couples getaways, golfers seem to enjoy travel and overnight stays. The golf travel industry earns from accommodation, playing fees, food and beverage, as well as entertainment expenses.

MMA/UFC

Whenever the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and other Mixed Martial Arts tournaments are held, a city gets international exposure and attracts visitors who'd have otherwise not have travelled to it. UFC tournaments are typically expected to lure over ten thousand fans and spectators. When fights are held in cities like Las Vegas, even some gambling activity comes to a standstill. Hundreds of hotel rooms are occupied by competitors alone. Sponsors, technical teams, and families also add extras to the bonanza for restaurants, hotels, retailers, and casinos.

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Sports Tourism: 5 Events That Spur Global Travel

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Sports, travel, and tourism go hand-in-hand. Whether it's professional sportspeople and officials attending tournaments and events or fans thronging a country to witness a global sports showcase, sports tourism is now an established niche in the travel industry. The United Nations World Tourism Organization describes the over 500 billion pound industry as one of the fastest growing sectors in tourism and travel.

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Introduction to the special issue: Music and Tourism - Brett Lashua, Karl Spracklen, Phil Long, 2014

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‘Is there anything else, other than music that has the power to transform the utterly mundane, like a pedestrian crossing in north London, into an international tourist hotspot?’

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Ons onderzoeksrapport Golf Sporttoerisme Markt biedt gedetailleerde statistieken in termen van schattingen van de marktomvang en voorspellingen voor de wereld en de belangrijkste landen. Het rapport biedt nauwkeurig onderzoek, verkoopgegevens met analyses met betrekking tot producten en bedrijven. Het rapport legt de nadruk op trends en inzichten die van invloed zijn op de industrie, waaronder overheidsbeleid en technologische innovatie. Het rapport behandelt ook het concurrentielandschap en geeft een holistisch beeld van de markt.

Vraag een voorbeeldexemplaar van het rapport aan - www.precisionreports.co/enquiry/request-sample/19326745

Het rapport Golf Sporttoerisme-markt leverde een concurrentievooruitzicht op met betrekking tot wereldwijde marktupdates, toekomstige groei, zakelijke vooruitzichten, aanstaande ontwikkelingen en toekomstige investeringen. Bovendien erkent het rapport de topbedrijven samen met hun marketingstrategie, bedrijfsprofiel, nieuwste ontwikkelingen, bedrijfsdistributie, productportfolio's, marktstrategieën, capaciteit en kostenstructuur. Bovendien wordt in het rapport een concurrentieanalyse gegeven in termen van verschillende parameters, zoals directe concurrentie, indirecte concurrentie, sterke en zwakke punten van grote concurrenten, prijs, omzet, brutowinst, interviewrecord, bedrijfsdistributie, toegangsbarrières en kansenvensters. de consument helpen om de concurrenten beter te leren kennen.

Het rapport presenteert ook het landschap van de marktconcurrentie en een bijbehorende gedetailleerde analyse van de belangrijkste leveranciers / fabrikanten in de markt. De belangrijkste fabrikanten die in dit rapport worden behandeld:
Golfasian
Golfbreaks
PerryGolf
SGH Golf
Your Golf Travel

Om te begrijpen hoe de impact van Covid-19 in dit rapport wordt behandeld - www.precisionreports.co/enquiry/request-covid19/19326745

Reikwijdte van het Golf Sporttoerisme-marktrapport:
* De wereldwijde Golf Sporttoerisme-markt is gesegmenteerd op bedrijf, regio (land), op type en op toepassing. Spelers, belanghebbenden en andere deelnemers aan de wereldwijde Golf Sporttoerisme-markt zullen de overhand kunnen krijgen door het rapport als een krachtig hulpmiddel te gebruiken. De segmentanalyse is gericht op verkoop, omzet en prognose per regio (land), per type en per toepassing voor de periode 2016-2027.
* Deze marktstudie bestrijkt de wereldwijde en regionale markt met een diepgaande analyse van de algehele groeivooruitzichten in de markt. Bovendien werpt het licht op het uitgebreide concurrentielandschap van de wereldmarkt. Het rapport biedt verder een dashboardoverzicht van toonaangevende bedrijven, inclusief hun succesvolle marketingstrategieën, marktbijdrage en recente ontwikkelingen in zowel historische als huidige contexten.

Informeer voordat u dit rapport aanschaft - www.precisionreports.co/enquiry/pre-order-enquiry/19326745

Op basis van typen wordt de Golf Sporttoerisme-markt voornamelijk opgesplitst in:
Evenement Sport Toerisme

Nostalgia Sport Toerisme

Actief Sporttoerisme

Op basis van toepassingen omvat de Golf Sporttoerisme-markt:
Huiselijk

Internationale

Ontvang een voorbeeldkopie van het Golf Sporttoerisme-marktrapport - www.precisionreports.co/enquiry/request-sample/19326745

Geografisch zijn de gedetailleerde analyse van consumptie, omzet, marktaandeel en groeipercentage, historisch en voorspelling van de volgende regio's:
Noord Amerika
* Verenigde Staten
* Canada
Europa
* Duitsland
* Frankrijk
* VK
* Italië
* Rusland
Aziatisch-Pacifisch
* China
* Japan
* Zuid-Korea
* Zuid-Oost Azië
* India
* Australië
* Taiwan
* Indonesië
* Thailand
* Maleisië
Latijns Amerika
* Mexico
* Brazilië
* Argentinië
* Colombia
Midden-Oosten en Afrika
* Kalkoen
* Saoedi-Arabië
* VAE

Koop dit rapport (Prijs 3900 USD (Three Thousand Nine Hundred USD) voor een licentie voor één gebruiker) - www.precisionreports.co/purchase/19326745

Veel Gestelde Vragen

Wat is de reikwijdte van het rapport?
Deze marktstudie bestrijkt de wereldwijde en regionale markt met een diepgaande analyse van de algehele groeivooruitzichten in de markt. Bovendien werpt het licht op het uitgebreide concurrentielandschap van de wereldmarkt. Het rapport biedt verder een dashboardoverzicht van toonaangevende bedrijven, inclusief hun succesvolle marketingstrategieën, marktbijdrage en recente ontwikkelingen in zowel historische als huidige contexten.

Wat zijn de belangrijkste segmenten in de markt?
* Op producttype
* Op eindgebruiker/applicaties
* Door technologie
* Per regio

Welke marktdynamiek heeft invloed op het bedrijf?
Het rapport biedt een gedetailleerde evaluatie van de markt door informatie over verschillende aspecten te benadrukken, waaronder drijfveren, beperkingen, kansen en bedreigingen. Deze informatie kan belanghebbenden helpen om de juiste beslissingen te nemen voordat ze beleggen.

Hoofdpunten van TOC:
1 Golf Sporttoerisme-markt - rapportoverzicht
2 Golf Sporttoerisme-markt - wereldwijde marktproductie
3 Golf Sporttoerisme-markt - Wereldwijde Golf Sporttoerisme-verkoop
4 Golf Sporttoerisme-markt - concurrentie door fabrikanten

Deiled TOC van Global Golf Sporttoerisme Markt @ www.precisionreports.co/TOC/19326745

Our Other Reports:
- Gadolinium Sputtering Target Market = www.wboc.com/story/45304384/gadolinium-sputtering-target-market-size-2021-in-depth-manufacturers-analysis-industry-on-going-trends-share-estimation-global-growth-developments-and-future-investments-regional-and-future-forecast-2027
- Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride Market = www.newschannelnebraska.com/story/45301689/oxytetracycline-hydrochloride-market-growth-2021-trend-analysis-regional-economic-status-major-countries-with-development-revenues-and-upcoming-technological-innovations-2027
- Aluminium Bronze Market = www.wicz.com/story/45313719/aluminium-bronze-market-trends-2021-global-industry-share-size-industry-analysis-market-growth-analysis-segments-emerging-technologies-opportunity-and-forecast-2021-to-2027
- Lipids Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Market = www.wboc.com/story/45313873/lipids-active-pharmaceutical-ingredient-market-share-size-2021-consumption-analysis-by-applications-future-demand-top-leading-players-competitive-situation-and-emerging-trends-and-forecast-to-2027
- Electronic Health Tracking System Market = www.newschannelnebraska.com/story/45309826/electronic-health-tracking-system-market-trends-2021-global-industry-share-size-industry-analysis-market-growth-analysis-segments-emerging-technologies-opportunity-and-forecast-2021-to-2027

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Golf Sporttoerisme Marktomvang 2021 en voorspelling tot 2027 Door trendevaluatie, wereldwijde groei, consumentenvraag, consumptie, recente ontwikkelingen, strategieën, marktimpact door dominante spelers zijn- Golfasian, Golfbreaks, PerryGolf, SGH Golf

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Ons onderzoeksrapport Golf Sporttoerisme Markt biedt gedetailleerde statistieken in termen van schattingen van de marktomvang en voorspellingen voor de wereld en de belangrijkste landen. Het rapport biedt nauwkeurig onderzoek, verkoopgegevens met analyses met betrekking tot producten en bedrijven. Het rapport legt de nadruk op trends en inzichten die van invloed zijn op de industrie, waaronder overheidsbeleid en technologische innovatie.

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Copyright

License

Published in Journal of Tourism Futures. Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode

1. Introduction

In the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic, opportunities for transformation are being imagined for many aspects of our lives - from the ways we work and shop, to how we relax and socialise. Tourism has been at the forefront of many of these discussions. While crises in tourism are not new, the global reach and complete shutdown of tourist travel caused by this pandemic is unparallelled in a global industry that has experienced almost constant growth for nearly seven decades ( Benjamin et al., 2020; Higgins-Desbiolles, 2020). The pandemic has revealed a series of failures in the global tourism system, including the vulnerabilities of workers, tourism businesses, sectors and global supply chains ( Cave and Dredge, 2020; Hall et al., 2020a), the tourism impacts on environmental well-being and social licence to operate in many tourism-dependent communities (e.g. Brouder, 2020; Cave and Dredge, 2020) and the over-reliance on tourism, or particular market segments, in some local economies ( Benjamin et al., 2020; Higgins-Desbiolles, 2020; Rastegar et al., 2021). While some tourism businesses and destinations are keen to return to "business as usual" as soon as possible, for other stakeholders and commentators, the global pandemic provides a "transformational moment opening up possibilities for resetting tourism" on a more resilient and regenerative path ( Higgins-Desbiolles, 2020, p. 612; see also Hall et al., 2020a; Jamal and Higham, 2021; Prayag, 2020; Prideaux et al., 2020; Rastegar et al., 2021).

In New Zealand, COVID-19 has brought into focus the values that matter to businesses, regions and the country's "team of five million" - a term referring to the size of New Zealand's population ( Roy, 2020a). The initial lockdown restrictions and continuing closure of New Zealand's borders to international tourists has acted as something of a tourism "circuit breaker" ( Rastegar et al., 2021) and resulted in a re-evaluation of the role of tourism in New Zealand society. There is recognition that some regions - and perhaps the country as a whole - is over reliant on inbound tourism, illustrated by the devastation experienced in some of the most tourism-dependent communities ( Jamieson, 2020), and tourism's social licence to operate has been severely compromised by concerns about overcrowding and environmental damage in some of our most loved and iconic locations ( Macdonald, 2021). These realisations have resulted in widespread discussion of how values important to New Zealanders can be protected and enhanced in substantive and meaningful ways in a reimagined and more resilient New Zealand tourism system (e.g. Becken, 2020; Carr, 2020; Cave and Dredge, 2020; Department of Conservation, 2021; Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment, 2021; Tourism Futures Taskforce, 2020).

As a food exporter, New Zealand's primary sectors have remained relatively robust during the pandemic, although all sectors face challenges with delays in supply chains, and the horticultural sector and wine industry, in particular, are grappling with labour shortages due to a lack of migrant workers and international travellers on working holiday visas ( Flaws, 2020; Wall, 2020). During the country's lockdown, many of the workers and industries deemed "essential" to the country were involved in the food system - growing, processing, transporting and selling food and drink. Media coverage of the economic importance of the primary sector to New Zealand during this time also resulted in greater public recognition and appreciation of the country's food producers ( Ministry of Primary Industries, 2020; Sivignon, 2020).

While some parts of the New Zealand food system were relatively unaffected by the lockdown, the hospitality and restaurant sector faced severe restrictions in trading until the country returned to Alert Level 1 ( RNZ, 2020). Food and drink producers who relied on these distribution channels also faced uncertain futures. For example, market gardeners servicing fruit and vegetable shops, or wineries selling to restaurants and cafes, were more impacted than producers operating at a scale suitable for supermarket distribution ( Gilbertson, 2020). Over-dependence on international tourism in some New Zealand regions left these communities and their residents more susceptible to economic hardship, including food insecurity. In Queenstown, many hospitality and tourism workers needed food parcels in the absence of income ( McMenzie-McLean, 2020), and the capacity of food banks throughout the country was stretched ( Anderson, 2020).

This paper addresses an issue at the intersection of these two sectors - food and tourism - which are both critical to New Zealand's economy and identity, and asks: what role will, or could, food and drink play in a more resilient tourism future for the country? Drawing on recent academic research, media commentary and insights from ongoing research with food and drink producers throughout the country, the following discussion briefly outlines the characteristics and growing popularity of food tourism globally. With this context established, the paper explores the proposition that there is a growing potential for food tourism experiences, particularly for the domestic market, in post-COVID-19 New Zealand. It is the argument here that a changing perception of "local food" as a tourist experience has been influenced by a number of factors, including the experiences of lockdown, a growing awareness of sustainability and ethical concerns around food production practices witnessed globally, and perhaps, a growing maturity and confidence in what makes New Zealand's food culture unique. The paper concludes with an overview of three food tourism trends that illustrate a potential change in the role of food and drink culture in New Zealand's post-pandemic tourism future.

2. Literature review

Food is a critical component of tourism, encountered in myriad contexts and on many occasions in a tourist's experience. These encounters may occur during a structured and staged food experience in a restaurant, or in less structured, or more mundane, settings while exploring a farmers market or popping into a supermarket for supplies ( Björk and Kauppinen-Räisänen, 2019). It is true that all tourists have to eat, but not all tourists are "food tourists". Hall and Sharples (2003, p. 10) define food tourism as "visitation to primary and secondary food producers, food festivals, restaurants and specific locations for which food tasting and/or experiencing the attributes of specialist food production region are the primary motivating factor for travel." Food tourism can be passive, such as watching a famous chef prepare a meal, or take the active form of pick-your-own fruit or vegetables. It may focus on a cultural experience of local foodways and techniques (often referred to as "culinary tourism") or integrate more broadly the role of food within the culture, lifestyle and environment of a community, so that one may "taste place" ( Hill and Fountain, 2021). These holistic cultural experiences may be referred to as "gastronomy tourism" ( Björk and Kauppinen-Räisänen, 2014). Yet food tourism experiences can be simply about the food - "the physical embodied and sensual experience itself" ( Ellis et al., 2018, p. 253; see also Neill et al., 2016) - and the people with whom it is shared. In this way, for some people, enjoying an ice cream in the park with family might constitute a memorable food experience worthy of the description of "food tourism".

Participation and interest in food tourism is growing globally ( Fountain et al., 2020). For food tourists - whether they be international or domestic visitors, on an extended stay in a region or on a shorter excursion - food experiences offer the chance to test and taste new products and learn more about food provenance and historic and contempory production practices ( Björk and Kauppinen-Räisänen, 2019). For food producers, food tourism offers opportunities to diversify income streams and broaden distribution strategies. Engagement with food tourism may involve supplying food and drink to hospitality providers - such as hotels and restaurants - or engaging directly with consumers, through farm gate sales, site visits or more extensive food tourism experiences. There is generally a belief that direct-to-consumer sales offer greater returns to the food or drink producer due to the shorter supply chain (e.g. Andersson et al., 2017; Lee et al., 2015). The food tourism experience also provides the opportunity to "add value" to the food or drink product so that the purchase of food and drink becomes a memento of the experience ( Björk and Kauppinen-Räisänen, 2019).

Policy makers and tourism industry stakeholders also recognise the potential of food tourism as an anchor of regional development ( Fountain et al., 2020). Food offerings can add diversity to a local economy and a point of difference to regional identity and destination image ( Everett and Aitchison, 2008; Sidali et al., 2015; Sims, 2009). Food tourism may provide opportunities to strengthen and sustain local food networks ( Everett and Slocum, 2013; Lee et al., 2015; Sims, 2009) and potentially offers reciprocal benefits for both tourism and farming sectors ( Boyne et al., 2003), although differing priorities and needs of tourism stakeholders and food producers can result in inequitable outcomes ( Andersson et al., 2017; Everett and Slocum, 2013; Fusté-Forné and Berno, 2016; Hall, 2020; Lee et al., 2015).

3. The role of food in New Zealand's tourism future

3.1 The role of food during COVID-19 in New Zealand

The New Zealand Government's response to the outbreak of COVID-19 in late February 2020 was to "Go hard and go early" with the aim of eliminating the virus ( Baker and Wilson, 2020; Radio New Zealand, 2020). Within a month of the country's first reported case, New Zealand was in lockdown at the strictest restrictions of Alert Level 4. At Alert Level 4, everyone was required to stay at home to break the chain of transmission of the virus, leaving their "bubble" (usually household) only if they were essential workers, to make trips for essential food and medical supplies, or to exercise in the local neighbourhood. This lockdown was stricter than that of many of the country's closest trading partners, with restaurants, cafes and bars closed even for takeaway, contactless service. Somewhat controversially, the only food retail outlets deemed essential were supermarkets, so that fruit and vegetable shops and butcheries and bakeries were unable to open. With this surge in demand, supermarkets struggled to keep shelves stocked with food ( Hall et al., 2020b).

The global pandemic and lockdown had significant impacts on New Zealand consumers' food behaviour. There was evidence of panic buying in the early days of the COVID-19 lockdown in New Zealand due to consumer demand and at least the perceptions of limited availability through the supply chain ( Hall et al., 2020b); however, food and alcohol sales generally returned to normal levels within a relatively short period of time (see also Gerritsen et al., 2020). For most people, the biggest changes were to the regimented grocery shopping arrangements and alterations to eating habits as home cooking replaced takeaways and restaurant meals. For many others, however, the inability to hunt and fish, gather kai (Māori for "food") or work in community gardens was also a significant disruption ( Gerritsen et al., 2020). For hunters, the lockdown corresponded with the annual roar, that is, the breeding season for wild deer, when stags are at their most vocal, and therefore easiest to track for hunting purposes, and missing this was a great disappointment for many ( Sparks, 2020).

With the majority of brick and mortar stores closed, there was a marked increase in online shopping; a trend most evident amongst the 50 plus age group, who took their grocery shopping online ( Gerritsen et al., 2020). While online shopping on domestic sites increased, purchases made with international online retailers fell during the lockdown. This was in part due to uncertainty about the reliability of international shipping and postal services, but also reflected the desire to support to small businesses in the local community. The "buy local" campaign in New Zealand, supported by the hashtag: #backyourbackyard, occurred on a scale not seen since the 1990s ( Kilgallon, 2020). At one level, this is evidence of a degree of patriotism as the "team of five million" rallied to get the nation back on its feet economically ( Kilgallon, 2020; Sibley et al., 2020). There was a sense also of wanting to support the small businesses - including food and wine producers - who were unable to operate during lockdown, or who lost their usual distribution channels such as restaurants and hotels. Beyond this, however, a new-found appreciation of what was being produced locally seemed to emerge, with the most public display of this trend being the huge success of a "New Zealand Made Products" Facebook page (now "Chooice"). This site covered jewellery, art and sculpture, but also a lot of food based products, including those grown, cooked, baked and brewed ( Taunton, 2020). Over the space of a few weeks, the site had more than 300,000 members, with many sellers overwhelmed by the demand for their products. As evidence of this growth in small enterprises, Foon (2021) reports that 5,000 new businesses registered with the Companies Office in 2020.

While not wanting to downplay the huge stress and uncertainty lockdown brought to many New Zealanders ( Gerritsen et al., 2020), at the same time, there was also a sense that this hiatus from normal life provided an opportunity for some to live more simply and slowly ( Benjamin et al., 2020; Could food and drink save the tourism industry, 2020). Whether spending time on hobbies, cooking meals from scratch, baking or preserving, people sought to make their home and their loved ones feel safe at an uncertain time. The role of food in this process is not surprising; home cooking has been described as offering an "authentic antidote to mass production and industrialization" ( Ramshaw, 2016, p 54). Following grandma's special recipe also contains an element of nostalgic connection to family, to culinary roots and to personal and cultural identity ( Timothy, 2016); something highly valued at a time of social distancing and the absence of loved ones. This trend may be best exemplified by the huge increase in the number of people baking bread, thereby providing sustenance, filling in time and bringing calm and comfort ( Easterbrook-Smith, 2020).

At 11:59 p.m. Monday 8 June 2020, New Zealand entered Alert Level 1, and daily life returned to some semblance of "normal" ( RNZ, 2020), although international borders remained closed, and escalations of alert levels have occurred, particularly in Auckland, as community outbreaks of COVID-19 emerge. While life remains uncertain and insecure for many, this "new normal" includes a lingering sense of a post lockdown zeitgeist for some New Zealanders, who, while relieved that lockdown was over, acknowledged elements that they would miss and changes they would like to make to their lives based on their experience ( Roy, 2020b). The following quotations are representative of such acknowledgement:

After Covid-19, I hope to continue spending greater time on activities that are so much more meaningful to me now, given our gradually less-limited freedom. While I was already a nature-lover and foodie, my passion for these areas of life has grown exponentially.

Working from home can bring so many bonuses - flexibility, pleasant working environment, no early morning alarms, no stressful commuting, enjoying daily lunchtime walks, better home-prepared meals, better quality sleeping and less anxiety. Why would I want to go back into the office?

Many New Zealanders it seems are increasing our veggie patches and our ability to take care of ourselves in the event of another emergency like this one. The world cannot carry on in the exhausting way we have been and that includes exhausting our finite resources and upsetting the Earth's ability to deliver on the renewable ones like clean air and water ( Roy, 2020b).

It is noticeable in the above quotations that food - growing it, preparing it and eating it - played an important role in people's experience of lockdown. But as the final quotation suggests, beyond this, there is a growing and profound awareness of the need to exist on this planet in a way that is more sustainable; an awareness perhaps sharpened by COVID-19.

3.2 Prioritising sustainable food systems

Long before the appearance of COVID-19, there was growing awareness of the need for more sustainable food production and culinary systems, and discussions of the role tourism and hospitality could play in supporting these efforts (e.g. Hall and Gössling, 2013; Hall, 2020). Researchers and commentators had also been highlighting concerns about the impact of globalised and homogeneous food systems, arguing that consumers had become disconnected from nature and their food supply, resulting in toxic farming practices, inequities in the food supply chain and a form of tourism and industrial agriculture disconnected from, and exploitative of, nature ( Ateljevic, 2020; Bertella, 2020; Hall et al., 2020a).

It seems that lockdown may have intensified recognition of the importance of living in harmony with the natural world in a number of ways. In New Zealand, one of the few activities available to people during lockdown was the daily exercise in the local environment. The opportunity to stop, observe and enjoy our natural environments led to a new appreciation of our place within it ( Could food and drink save the tourism industry, 2020; Espiner et al., 2021; Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, 2020a, b). The absence of traffic also meant birdlife returned to once busy city streets and neighbourhoods ( Doyle, 2020). Similar factors - additional time, staying close to home - resulted in many New Zealanders reconnecting with nature in their own garden settings ( Benjamin et al., 2020) and an increasing number of New Zealanders looked to grow their own food, creating the most local of local food systems. As evidence of this, lockdown saw a huge interest in home vegetable gardens, with online seed retailers and garden centres undated with people wanting seeds and seedlings to grow; a trend that began with the announcement of lockdown and continued after lockdown lifted ( Wilkes, 2020).

"Buying local" or "growing your own" is seen as a way of consuming more sustainably ( Schoolman, 2020), and knowing where and how one's food is grown can allay ethical, environmental and health concerns associated with global food systems; a need that can also be met through food tourism ( Bessière, 1998; Björk and Kauppinen-Räisänen, 2019; Everett and Aitchison, 2008). From a producer's perspective, engagement with tourists also allows a sharing of stories as producers outline their visions and production processes with consumers, providing an opportunity to educate and build brand loyalty based on provenance ( Bessière, 1998; Fusté-Forné and Berno, 2016; Sidali et al., 2015; Sims, 2009).

3.3 A New Zealand food culture?

Food tourism also offers a town or region a point of difference in "strengthening a region's identity, sustaining cultural heritage, contesting fears of global food homogenization and facilitating the regeneration of an area's sociocultural fabric" ( Everett and Aitchison, 2008, p. 150; see also Bessière, 1998; Sidali et al., 2015; Sims, 2009). This assumes there is a regional food identity to share. A third and final issue providing context for the growth of food tourism in New Zealand relates to the emergence of an identifiable food culture in New Zealand. For too long, New Zealanders have suffered from something of a "cultural cringe" ( Pickles, 2011) when it comes to many aspects of the country's culture, including food. While Italy is known for pasta and pizza, and Japan for sushi, yakitori and sashimi, the quintessential New Zealand cuisine has been less obvious, particularly that of colonial and post-colonial settlers ( Bell and Neill, 2014). Traditional Māori culture has a complex food system framed around the concept of mahinga kai - literally meaning "to work the food". This concepts highlights that people are connected to the land through food and other resources found there to sustain life, and the tradition of the hāngī (a method of steaming food in an earthen oven) is often highlighted in tourism marketing (e.g. Tourism New Zealand, 2021a). Beyond this, undertake a Google search of "New Zealand dishes" and one is likely to find reference to roast lamb, fish and chips, meat pies and cheese rolls (e.g. NZPocketGuide, 2020); hardly fine cuisine ( Bell and Neill, 2014; Neill et al., 2016). In fact, what is often presented is a list of ingredients, including many types of seafood (crayfish, paua and kina), wine, cheese and manuka honey but also jaffas and pineapple lumps (types of lollies), hokey pokey ice cream and a local soft drink (e.g. McFadden, 2015; NZPocketGuide, 2020). A similar selection is found on the Tourism New Zealand website listed as "New Zealand's favourite food and drinks" ( Tourism New Zealand, 2021b). Angela Clifford, CEO of EatNZ, explains this tendency to focus on ingredients as a hangover of New Zealand's colonial history:

A paddock in the ocean. For the longest time, that's how we saw ourselves. A rugged-yet-bountiful colonial outpost tasked with sending the finest ingredients back to feed the mother country and then the world... Our food story is still trapped in that culture of ingredients ( Clifford, 2020).

That "culture of ingredients" has begun to change as New Zealanders gain more confidence on the world stage, so that as well as providing a list of the country's favourite foods, Tourism New Zealand is able to report:

While quality food and beverage production has long been the lynchpin of New Zealand's prosperity and a leading export earner, it's the fusion of unique, quality produce and ethnic influences that have allowed the Kiwi food identity to evolve.... New Zealand's worldwide reputation for award-winning produce and specialist chefs draws tourists to the source and food tourism within New Zealand is developing at a rapid rate ( Tourism New Zealand, 2021c).

Rather than one dish, however, it is recognition that the quality of the food and cuisine produced in New Zealand is tied to "people in place" ( Clifford, 2020). This may help explain why food stories in New Zealand are often closely tied to specific people and locations, with Fleur's Place in Moeraki a case in point ( Delicious.Team, 2019)

4. A reimagined tourism future for New Zealand: the potential of food and drink tourism

The closure of international borders has drawn greater attention to the unsung role of domestic tourism to the New Zealand tourism system. One of the most ubiquitous sights in the latter half of 2020 was campervans full of Kiwi couples and families hitting the roads; taking seriously the exhortations to "Do Something New, New Zealand" ( Green, 2020). Many tourism commentators and those in the industry have rightly identified that regions and businesses need to pivot to the domestic market for the coming months and possibly years. While significant amounts have been written about the opportunities this will bring for New Zealand residents to see some of the country's iconic attractions free of the crowds of visitors, recent research exploring what New Zealanders are seeking in domestic tourism experiences has highlighted some key trends ( One Picture, 2020). First, for some New Zealanders, supporting smaller communities has taken priority, while others are looking to continue the exploration of their local region begun during lockdown. Domestic travellers are also keen to find "non-touristy" experiences as they (re)discover New Zealand, lingering for deeper experiences the country, but without paying the Earth. New Zealanders have renewed interest in really getting to know the country - to explore the history of different regions - based on a realisation that they do not know as much about New Zealand history as they should. This might also be a perfect time to discover food and drink experiences, offering significant opportunities for regions to entice domestic visitors and, later, returning international tourists.

The previous discussion has reflected on some trends that have emerged, or been intensified, in New Zealand by the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath. This has focused on the role of food and our natural environment in the lockdown experience, an emerging desire for sustainable and localised food systems, and a new, or renewed, confidence about New Zealand's unique food culture(s). Taking into account these consumer trends, and calls for a "reset" to the tourism system ( Prayag, 2020), the following section suggests three potential directions for food tourism in post-pandemic New Zealand which have been called "Getting back to basics", "valuing local and locals" and "food for well-being".

4.1 Trend 1: getting back to basics

This first trend could be called "a simple life", and in a tourism context, may manifest itself in higher demand for cooking school experiences, gardening workshops or pick-your-own food opportunities. Its origins are twofold. First, the global pandemic has brought with it financial insecurity at both a personal and societal level. At times of economic uncertainty and slowdown, consumers may pare back unnecessary expenditure. While people still want to enjoy leisure and holiday activities, there might be a trend to stay nearer home and seek value-based holidays, focused on free activities and seeking out bargains ( Flatters and Willmott, 2009; Yeoman, 2020). In the case of COVID-19, concerns about further waves of community outbreaks of the virus in other countries also means travelling internationally remains risky as there is a likelihood of getting trapped if borders close or travel restrictions are put in place, meaning staying close to home is appealing.

Getting back to basics is not just about saving money. As outlined above, many people have enjoyed simple elements of the lockdown experience; whether cooking "from scratch" or stripping back the veneer of commercialism to make one's own fun with what's available in the local environment ( Roy, 2020b). Getting back to basics also means slowing down, and appreciating each other, and our environments ( Espiner et al., 2021). It is about remembering the things - and people - that matter. Reconnecting to families through VFR travel will be a priority for many ( Hall et al., 2020a; Yeoman, 2020), while a nostalgic desire, intensified by our lockdown experience, may see parents and grandparents seeking to share with children particular places and experiences reflecting this simple way of life or to re-learn skills lost in the busyness of life.

Pick-your-own fruit and vegetables offer both a way to save money, and an opportunity to spend time with family and friends in a "simple" activity. While berry fruit has long been a staple of the "pick-your-own" experiences, there are opportunities to pick other crops ( Seven Sharp, 2021). There have always been opportunities for tourists to "fish-your-own", generally through charter fishing trips; however, a new opportunity allows experienced and inexperienced fishers to catch a fish for lunch. This tourism venture called "Hook Wanaka" ( https://hookwanaka.nz/) advertises the opportunity to experience fishing "from lake to plate", whereby one gets to catch a Chinoock Salmon, and then relax as chefs prepare it for your meal. What is notable about this attraction is the recognition of different needs of domestic visitors compared to international visitors. While a guided fishing lesson is available, at $35.50 per person, the attraction also offers the "Reel Deal", at $7 per person, described as "the authentic, low-key, DIY, as-kiwi-as-it-gets fishing experience". The image of a man fishing with his grandson captures this nostalgic, family oriented, simple experience.

Taking these experiences further, tourists may be more likely seek out opportunities to learn traditional skills while on holiday, through cooking or gardening workshops. For example The Food Farm ( http://www.thefoodfarm.nz/) runs a series of grow your own food workshops for all skill levels, from someone just starting out on a home garden and wanting to feed their families, to those thinking of expanding to a commercial operation. These workshops are seasonal; in winter, the Food Farm runs workshops on how to prune, in summer, how to harvest and preserve; in autumn, how to make compost. While not currently targeted at the tourist market, there is no reason why a series of these types of workshops, clustered in a region, might not be utilised to attract tourists with this learning goal in mind.

4.2 Trend 2: valuing local... and locals

A second trend expected to continue is a renewed focus on exploring food as an expression of local places, cultures and identity. As noted above, the local and small scale has taken on a new-found importance globally (eg. Brouder, 2020; Higgins-Desbiolles, 2020; Tomassini and Cavagnaro, 2020). In New Zealand, the response of the "team of five million" to COVID-19 has resulted in a renewed appreciation of the local, manifested in shopping for food and drink products and experiences, reinforcing an emerging pride in the country's unique food culture ( Clifford, 2020).

Consuming local food and drink is an important means to get to know what makes places unique ( Bessière, 1998; Everett and Aitchison, 2008; Sims, 2009). Food and drink has long been an important avenue to highlight the authenticity of a place - think Toast Martinborough, the Bluff Oyster Festival and the Hokitika Wildfood Festival. The role of food tourism in regional destination strategies in New Zealand has become increasingly prominent in the last decade ( Fountain et al., 2020; MPI Economic Intelligence Unit, 2018), and it is expected that this trend will continue, strengthened by the experience of the pandemic ( Could food and drink save the tourism industry, 2020). Initial indications would suggest that this regional focus on food has increased, with new festivals and regional food strategies emerging since the pandemic emerged. For example, South Canterbury established a 10-days long food festival in 2020 known as SCOFF (South Canterbury Outstanding Food Festival). The festival was launched to reactivate the local hospitality sector after lockdown while acknowledging the importance of the agricultural and food production sector to the region ( Mohanlall, 2020). Similar initiatives are underway in regions throughout the country, including the "Ripe Food and Wine Festival in Wanaka ( Waterworth, 2021) and a "Savour the South" initiative in Southland ( Great South, 2021).

While some suggest that these buy local campaigns may be shortlived ( Killgallon, 2020; Hall et al., 2020b), and financial reality may see a return to old habits, this trend is not limited to a pandemic response. It reflects a broader pre-existing movement towards the slow, the small and the local, with food being central to this trend ( Ateljevic, 2020). There is evidence that eight months on from the initial lockdown, New Zealand consumers continue to support locally made food and wine products. A survey of 500 New Zealanders conducted in December of 2020/21 found that more than half of the respondents reported that as a result of COVID-19 they were purchasing more food and drink made locally (53.2%) and a third (33.8%) reported that they were seeking out food and wine producers on holiday ( Fountain, 2021).

4.3 Trend 3: food for well-being

As noted above, the COVID-19 lockdown gave many New Zealanders a greater appreciation of their environment, and the importance of the primary sector and a robust local food system. Food tourism could offer an opportunity to change our understanding and response to nature and to enhance the well-being of the people and the places that sustain them. The time seems ripe to address this through food tourism practices.

The food tourism experiences likely to meet this need will be those that enable consumers to connect to the food system and to understand better the journey their food takes from "paddock to plate". One new business offering such experiences is Forage and Feast, established in Central Otago early in 2021 ( https://www.forageandfeast.nz/). The inspiration for the venture came from the operator's "memories of foraging for apples and making apple pie with her grandmother" ( Fox, 2021) The immersive food tours inform and educate consumers about the skills, effort and love that goes into producing ( Fox, 2021) locally-grown food. On each tour, the participants get to forage, to harvest and to fish themselves and meet the growers behind the produce - "getting out in the country and getting [their] hands dirty". The ingredients gathered are then cooked by local chefs and served to the group to share and enjoy around a big table. In essence, food is about people and sharing; offering food and drink to guests has long been a central tenet of hospitality and eating a meal together is first and foremost a social occasion ( Hall, 2020; Williamson and Hassanli, 2020).

Focussing on food and well-being means thinking beyond the well-being of the tourists and consumers to consider food producers and the communities and workers who grow, produce and serve our food. The vision for the New Zealand tourism industry outlined by the Tourism Futures Taskforce (2020) is "nourishing people and place: enlivening communities and culture" and situating "community, connection and culture at the heart of tourism" (p. 71). The use of the term "nourishing" conjures up a vision of a tourism system that is sustaining and sustainable for people and the places they live and work; the term is also resonant of our relationship with food. While New Zealand is in the fortunate position to be a net-producer of food, this global pandemic has highlighted the fact that over-dependence on international tourism is to some extent responsible for food security vulnerability at this time (e.g. Davila and Wilke, 2020). Even with New Zealand's relatively resilient national food supply chain, over-dependence on international tourism in some New Zealand regions left these communities and their residents susceptible to much greater economic hardship, including food insecurity.

As assessment of the role of food in tourism has focused primarily on how food products and practices can be commodified; that is, packaged and sold as a product to "attract visitors, brand destinations, and satisfy the tourist" ( Hall, 2020, p. 284). This focus has largely ignored the value chain relationships between food producers and tourist stakeholders, including hosts and tourists. While tourism providers and food producers may share a goal of creating a regional reputation for local food products, and of sharing food experiences with tourists, their needs and priorities differ considerably from each other ( Everett and Slocum, 2013; Fusté-Forné and Berno, 2016) and from the tourists they serve. In fact, meeting the needs of tourists at times undermines the resilience of the supply chain, and Hall (2020) and others have called for greater attention to the "broader impacts of what [tourists] eat throughout the entire food system; how best to leverage economic and social benefits throughout the system" (p. 286; see also Ambelu et al., 2018; Hall and Gossling, 2013:). There are calls also for a reconsideration of animal-derived food in relation to food tourism (e.g. Bertella, 2020). While it is beyond the scope of the current paper to explore these issues in any detail, all tourists need to be made aware of the true costs of production of the food they consume on holiday and be prepared to pay what it is worth.

5. Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic has created opportunities to rethink what we value and to reimagine the tourism future for New Zealand and the world. As outlined in the previous section food, and the food value chain, has featured significantly in the pandemic experience of many New Zealanders. Looking forward, there is evidence that food tourism may become more pronounced in New Zealand's tourism future as a result of these experiences, and broader global trends around sustainability and shortened food supply chains.

Food experiences provide a pathway to connect - to people, to heritage and to places. Food tourism may facilitate our reconnections with friends and families throughout New Zealand, and the world and provide interesting diversions on our road trips as we uncover hidden gems and get to know the country's special places. Food provides a context to learn - new skills, new flavours, and new cultural understandings - and to pass on those skills to younger generations. Food foraging, and picking and catching our own food, can provide money saving opportunities at a time of financial insecurity but may also offer nostalgic experiences to share with children and grandchildren whilst reconnecting to the source of our food and the people and places producing it. Sharing a meal, or a drink, provides the context to socialise and connect to family, friends and local communities, and all of this can be done in a way that is inclusive. Eating a crayfish in a high end restaurant, or foraging for food to be cooked by a renounced chef is food tourism, but so too is eating a fish and chip meal on the beach with one's family or foraging for food on the roadside ( Fountain, 2020; Hall, 2020). A shift to a regenerative form of tourism, and an emphasis on well-being, equity and sustainability, would mean recognising that the best food experiences in the world do not need to be expensive. As the country becomes increasingly confident in showcasing a unique and innovative food culture, domestic tourists will be the first to explore new food experiences, but it is anticipated that as borders reopen, these experiences will appeal to returning international visitors also. While there will still be opportunities for luxury food experiences at exclusive resorts, if the global pandemic has taught us anything, it is that those things that mean the most to us cannot be measured by monetary value alone.

References

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Lincoln University's Centre of Excellence - Sustainable Tourism for Regions, Landscapes and Communities; and Resilience to Nature's Challenges National Science Challenge through the NZ Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment, as part of the Resilience in Practice Model and Rural Science Programmes.

Corresponding author

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The future of food tourism in a post-COVID-19 world: insights from New Zealand

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Copyright Published in Journal of Tourism Futures. Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors.

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Are There Opportunities for Developing Thematic Education Tourism in Bali Aga During COVID-19 Pandemic? (Based on Tourist's Learning Motivation).

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Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has made it difficult for many tourist villages to bring in tourists. However, this condition did not occur in the village of Bali Aga village, which still received tourist visits amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Various motivations encourage tourists to travel to Bali Aga village during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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With the lifting on many COVID-19 restrictions in Europe, people are finally able to share a meal with friends and family, indulging one of life's most pleasurable activities: eating food.

During the height of lockdowns, with some of our favourite restaurants and food services unavailable, many of us turned to social media to learn how to make our favourite dishes from home. In support of the United Nations World Tourism Organisation's #TravelTomorrow campaign, chefs from around the world, including UNWTO Ambassadors for Gastronomy Tourism, shared their local recipes, giving us a taste of what to expect when we travel again, and highlighting the unique potential of gastronomy tourism.

As governments seek to revitalise their hard-hit tourism industry, gastronomy will have a key role to play enriching the tourism offer and stimulating economic development in destinations all around the world. The UNWTO's annual World Forum on Gastronomy Tourism brings together experts from across tourism and gastronomy with the aim of promoting the exchange of experiences between experts in tourism and gastronomy, to identify good practices and to promote gastronomy tourism as a factor of development of countries. As a result of the global pandemic, the 6th edition of the forum is postponed until 2021. The city of Bruges in Flanders, one of Europe's gastronomic centres, will remain the host destination.

The UNWTO is also looking for disruptive ideas and innovators who are leading the transformation of the sector. Through its Global Gastronomy Tourism Startup Competition, organised yearly, in partnership with the Basque Culinary Center, the competition seeks to identify and celebrate contribution in the field of gastronomy to the advancement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The 2020 winners will be announced at the end of year.

Gastronomy tourism has emerged as an important protector of cultural heritage, helping create economic opportunities, including the creation of jobs, most notably in rural destinations.

However, as it stands, we are using our lands, soils, oceans and forests in largely unsustainable ways. We need to be more careful about how we use our natural resources as producers and we need to be pickier about how we choose our food as consumers.

In the post-COVID-19 world, it is ever more essential that our way of consuming food become more sustainable. Every year, on 18 June, we celebrate Sustainable Gastronomy Day. But just it is and why do we have day for it?

Sustainable gastronomy is cooking that takes into account where ingredients are from, how the food is grown and how it gets to our plates.

We mark the day because eating local foods that have been produced sustainably makes a difference to people's livelihoods, to the environment and to economies. By 2050, the world will have over 9 billion mouths to feed. Yet, 1/3 of all food produced is lost or wasted.

Caring about our local foods and markets means that we can help to preserve our culinary roots: the traditional crops, recipes and cultures from which these cuisines originate.

By being open to locally grown foods and eating what is in season, we can help shift the buying patterns of local businesses, like restaurants and hotels, and support the area's fishers and farmers.

There is more to gastronomy than just food. It reflects the culture, heritage, traditions and sense of community of different peoples. It is a way of promoting understanding among different cultures, and of bringing people and traditions closer together.
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Gastronomy key to supporting hard-hit tourism industry

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With the lifting on many COVID-19 restrictions in Europe, people are finally able to share a meal with friends and family, indulging one of life's most pleasurable activities: eating food. During the height of lockdowns, with some of our favourite restaurants and food services unavailable, many of us turned to social media to learn how to make our favourite dishes from home.

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How to Keep Up with the Next Generation of Food Tourism

Let us take you back to a time where tourists could wander off the beaten path and onto the rugged cobblestones of a road-less-travelled neighbourhood, exploring the bustling local markets through a delight of aromas and friendly unfamiliar faces during an authentic food and walking tour. Tasting sauces with strangers, breaking bread with locals and learning about cultures through the eyes (and tastebuds) of travelling gastronomes.

Now fast-forward to our current times of the pandemic, where the only thing we are breaking with strangers are personal boundaries and the foodies with wanderlust are now craving a cooking and cultural experience to be satisfied through digital means. It is no secret that the travel industry and its bread and butter, culinary tourism, has been greatly impacted by the extreme decline in international travel and shift in demand. As COVID-19 has transformed the gastronomic tourism industry globally, businesses are either pivoting, looking to pivot, or launching new offerings; and technology is featuring across these changes in different ways. From adapting food tourism experiences in line social distancing requirements to the anticipation of government support, there are a few ways the culinary tourism market can sow seeds in the consumer landscape of the future.

From the inside, out

As the cultural trend for destination brand identity is re-evaluated by businesses internationally, it is important for stakeholders in the gastronomic tourism industry to address technological transformation as a key pillar and extend their existing models to reflect this shift. New research shows that the impact of moving food tourism to digital space also calls for us to examine the current situation and explore research and practical consequences in the post-COVID future. As tourism has proven to be resilient through past events, it is predicted this is a key reflection of the future and there is also anticipation for government support to the sector; assisting in the rebuild and aligned with technology's new role in the industry.

Navigating the change in direction

As we overcome the current and future restrictions through technology, there is a new spotlight on domestic tourism as a buffer against the fall in international culinary travel. Due to the limitations on travel, it is important for the gastronomic tourism industry to explore new domestic opportunities in line with social distancing requirements, safety and hygiene protocols, local access and adapting to social capacities to appeal to the responsible consumer behaviour. Domestic demand is rebounding faster than international demand and businesses are providing gastronomes with fulfillment through local food tourism, right in our own backyards. By offering a more local experience and targeted approach in line with the neighbouring market, it is building the foundation of a new pillar in offerings now and into the future.

With gastronomic tourism facing the challenge of remaining attractive to current and potential customers, technology is also providing opportunities in areas which address the need for tourists to access cultural information and create new home-based experiences. The pandemic has flourished the growth of innovative concepts in technology relating to culinary travel. Online cooking sessions and tutorials, live guided tastings, virtual reality tours, remote social eating and drinking are current and viable applications that have succeeded in supporting and temporarily replacing the traditional gastronomy tourism experience. Travelling Spoon is the perfect example of a food business who have pivoted successfully using technology, with a shift from primarily international experiences to now offer cooking classes with locals both in-person and online. The use of creativity with technology combined will allow businesses within the food tourism industry to continue appealing to gastronomes and keep the travelling flame alight, satisfying the current and evolving demands.
In conclusion
For food tourism, the limitations faced during the pandemic has been a journey of adaption and exploration of new opportunities in technology. From stakeholders addressing new strategies in line with tech to including offerings which appeal to the local market, these key methods of preparation are proving to be the most effective way forward. As we research and prepare for what the industry will look like post-COVID, it is more important now than ever to understand the history and future of gastronomic tourism to grow with the demand and stamp your potential on the technology passport of global food travel's future.

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How to Keep Up with the Next Generation of Food Tourism

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Let us take you back to a time where tourists could wander off the beaten path and onto the rugged cobblestones of a road-less-travelled neighbourhood, exploring the bustling local markets through a delight of aromas and friendly unfamiliar faces during an authentic food and walking tour.

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This paper focuses on the role of food tourism in delivering sustainability agendas by examining how the agriculture and tourism sectors have struggled to realise measurable successes because of constraints, conflicting ambitions and low levels of social capital. It focuses on the United Kingdom, which has tasked regional development agencies to adopt food tourism as a means to grow local economies, create jobs and improve natural resources and diversify. In 2009/10, 16 interviews and six workshops were conducted with stakeholders to gauge industry challenges and needs in implementing food tourism. Based on qualitative findings, a model was developed which maps five emergent themes (knowledge exchange, the supply chain, fear of change, regionalisation and marketing) alongside five sustainability principles (strong and just society, good governance, sustainable economy, working within environmental limits and using sound science responsibly). The paper argues that if food tourism is to deliver its purported sustainable benefits, the policy environment must cultivate significant social capital through the cooperation of different industries with varying needs, motivations and challenges through joint marketing schemes, more localised distribution channels and enhanced policy engagement. Scotland and Wales are more successful than England, but overall food and tourism are not yet in effective partnership.

该文章通过检验农业和旅游产业如何因为障碍，冲突的目标和低层次的社会资金而难以实现可测量的成就，来着重于食物旅游在传递可持续性日程上的职责。文章着重于英国的例子。英国的区域发展机构采用食物旅游作为手段来增长本地经济，创造工作机会，提升自然资源和多样化。在2009/2010年，研究与利益相关者进行了16个采访和6个讨论会来测量实施食物旅游的产业挑战和需求。根据定性化研究结果，一个有着五大新主题（知识交换，供应链，对改变的害怕，区域化和市场营销）和五大可持续性原则（强大的和公正的社会，良好的政策治理，可持续性经济，在环境底线内工作，和有责任地使用可靠的科学）的模型被发展出来。该文章争议，如果食物旅游是为了传递它所谓的可持续性优势，那么大政策环境就必须通过与有着不同需求，目标和挑战的产业之间的合作来培育重要的社会资金。而这些产业的合作是通过联合营销计划，更本地化的分销渠道，和更好的政策制订。苏格兰和威尔士比英格兰更成功，但是综合来说，食物和旅游还不是非常有效的合作关系。

Notes

1. The UK is a shorthand term for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The term Great Britain includes England, Scotland and Wales. Both Scotland and Wales have some and varying degrees of autonomy, as does Northern Ireland. For practical reasons connected to history, geography and governance, this paper concentrates on England, Scotland and Wales.

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Food and tourism: an effective partnership? A UK-based review

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This paper focuses on the role of food tourism in delivering sustainability agendas by examining how the agriculture and tourism sectors have struggled to realise measurable successes because of constraints, conflicting ambitions and low levels of social capital.

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https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1477508042000320250

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Abstract Sport tourism has become the subject of an increasing level of both academic and government interest. It is perceived to be important because of its economic contribution as well as other influences such as the impact on community well‐being and the sense of pride that sport tourism may engender. The concept, however, is fraught by definitional issues and this paper provides a discussion for developing a more succinct definition and framework for sport tourism to add to the debate. It is argued here that sport tourism is essentially event tourism and, as such, it is governed by the issues that effect events and event management.

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Sport tourism or event tourism: are they one and the same?

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Abstract Sport tourism has become the subject of an increasing level of both academic and government interest. It is perceived to be important because of its economic contribution as well as other influences such as the impact on community well‐being and the sense of pride that sport tourism may engender.

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How destination music affects tourists' behaviors: travel with music in Lij...

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Sustainability, an international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal.

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Who among us can deny the romance of a once-in-a-lifetime kaiseki meal, or slurping ramen with drunken salarymen at 2 a.m.? Whether it's the sleeper hit TV series "Midnight Diner," cult ramen film "Tampopo" or David Chang's Netflix series "Ugly Delicious," media depictions of Japanese culinary culture are just one reason why, according to a report from the World Tourism Organization, over 75 percent of foreign tourists stated their main purpose of travel to Japan is to enjoy Japanese food.

But the events of 2020 dealt a massive blow to the country's hospitality industry. April saw a staggering 99.9-percent drop in overseas visitor numbers compared to the previous year, cutting off vital trade for restaurants reliant on tourism. Tour operations nationwide have largely ground to a halt, with many in the industry being retrenched or furloughed. Those bars and restaurants remaining open must contend with the "Three Cs" - being closed, crowded and with close-range conversation.

For a select few, things have not changed substantially. Ryuta Kumakura, a private guide based in Kyoto, counts himself lucky. Though all his spring reservations were canceled, recent weeks have seen an uptick in work. His clients, many of whom are repeat customers, include well-off Tokyoites and Hong Kongers (despite Japan's border restrictions, the Japan National Tourism Organization recorded a small number of visitors arriving from Hong Kong in April), non-Japanese residents and remote workers in Japan, many from the IT sector.

"I doubt visitor numbers will return to what they were before, but wealthy tourists aren't going to be bothered," Kumakura says. "Those from Hong Kong, Asian travelers especially - they aren't necessarily in Kyoto to sightsee, they're here to eat and shop."

Are you game?: Part of the Yasashii Jikan farmstay experience involves making venison meatballs with deer caught in nearby forests. | FLORENTYNA LEOW

In contrast, rural Japan has been hit particularly hard. Hiroyuki Usami runs the eponymous Usami, a restaurant located next to the famed Usuki Stone Buddhas in Oita Prefecture, and catered primarily to large bus tour groups.

"We shut for a month because we had no sales," Usami writes over email. "Now, business is slowly picking up again, but in the form of individual diners. We haven't had a single tour group, nor any reservations to indicate that they'll even come back." Though Usami specializes in serving refined renditions of Usuki cuisine, the pandemic has forced him to consider revamping the menu and lowering prices to cater to local diners. Domestic tourists might eventually start returning, but for now, he isn't even thinking about hosting foreign tourists under the circumstances.

Farmstay providers have found themselves devoid of customers, too. The Adachi family in Bungo-Ono, Oita Prefecture, once welcomed 100 visitors - domestic and international - a year for their overnight farm-stay experience, Yasashii Jikan. So far, there have been no takers for 2020. For now, they're looking for channels to sell their satsumaimo potatoes and hoping people will eventually begin coming back.

Some are choosing to weather the storm by upping their marketing efforts. Seasonal agricultural experiences are popular among tourists to the town of Biei, Hokkaido, and for Harriet Richardson and her colleagues in the Regional Rejuvenation Department of the Hill Town Biei destination marketing organization, the past months have been an opportunity to ramp up their multilingual social media presence.

"We're making sure food is a regular feature. If you can plant that idea in someone's mind, here in this region you can try this ice cream, this delicious beef - it's a very tangible thing for people to latch on to," says Richardson. "We recently finished a mini five-minute documentary of Biei's asparagus in English, Japanese and Chinese. It's a way to keep Biei's food and agriculture in people's minds."

Others in the industry are also moving online. Faced with a lack of visitors, companies such as Arigato Japan Food Tours and Ninja Food Tours have begun offering virtual experiences. They're a stopgap measure in the age of suspended international travel, but are they viable for culinary experiences? Jerome Lee, director of Japan Travel's travel agency, thinks so.

Logistically speaking, he notes, a virtual food tour could be conducted in a similar fashion to in-person tours. One example might involve live-streaming a foraging session in a forest, followed by the chef preparing a meal with the ingredients gathered.

"It's very important," Lee stresses, "that the experiences focus on interactivity rather than what is being recorded."

Though virtual tours are unlikely to replace the travel experience, Lee and his team at Japan Travel see tremendous potential in virtual tours as both short-term and long-term solutions to the pandemic. In the short term, quality virtual experiences represent potential revenue sources for struggling businesses within the hospitality industry. In a post-pandemic future, Lee sees virtual tours being integrated into marketing efforts for tour companies and vendors, where livestreams whet the appetite prior to traveling to Japan, tantalizing viewers with images of what they'll soon be eating and drinking.

For travel industry veteran Axel Deroubaix, virtual tours are just one component of his new undertaking, Peko Peko Box, set to open at the start of August. Conceived in response to the pandemic, the concept is simple: a monthly subscription box, filled with carefully-curated items. If you can't travel to Japan (or just can't wait), Peko Peko Box will bring Japan to you.

"There is a future in virtual tourism," Deroubaix says. "But I think people need to connect (it) to the real world. We send them a box, it allows the experience to be tangible." He points out the logistical challenges of online cooking classes, where participants may not necessarily have equal access to ingredients. But doing a virtual tea ceremony after receiving a tea whisk, fresh matcha, ceramic bowl and tea sweet in the mail? That's a different, rather special proposition altogether.

Agricultural tourism: Where in Japan but Biei, Hokkaido, can you pick asparagus with snow-capped mountains in the distance? | HILL TOWN BIEI

Drawing on his experience as a tour guide, Deroubaix envisions the monthly boxes as part of a larger storytelling endeavor, with weekly livestreams and travel shows potentially following pilgrimage routes such as the Nakasendo or Kumano Kodo. "We want the customer to have the impression that they're traveling and discovering with us," he says.

Food remains one of Japan's greatest assets as a travel destination, and industry insiders are cautiously optimistic - to varying degrees - about the future of culinary travel.

Lee predicts food tourism will eventually resume, but with adjusted norms, such as higher levels of hygiene in restaurants; food experiences conducted in open spaces with smaller groups; and a greater interest in destinations beyond cities like Tokyo, Kyoto and Osaka.

"Many tourists will want to go out to more rural areas and experience more traditional cooking methods," he says. "With the assurance that there won't be as many people, that will be more appealing for them."

When it comes to the little town of Biei, Richardson is also positive. "I think as soon as the opportunity presents itself they will return," she says. "What the town has is so special. I'm very confident that those who planned trips will come back."
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What's the future of international food tourism in post-coronavirus Japan?

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Who among us can deny the romance of a once-in-a-lifetime kaiseki meal, or slurping ramen with drunken salarymen at 2 a.m.?

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Nadere regels subsidie extra maatregelen die moeten worden getroffen voor hygiëne en afstand e.d. voor ondernemingen en instellingen in sport, toerisme en recreatie tijdens en vanwege pandemie COVID-19’

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College: het college van burgemeester en wethouders.

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Accessible Travel for People with Disabilities - Planet Abled

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Planet Abled is world's first accessible travel sojourn for people with disabilities..Choose the way you want to travel, one trip at a time.

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https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJSMS-04-2021-0081/full/html

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To read the full version of this content please select one of the options below:

Mona Mirehie (Department of Tourism, Event and Sport Management, School of Health and Human Sciences , Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis , Indianapolis, Indiana, USA)

Inje Cho (Department of Sport Management, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA)

Abstract

Purpose

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and consequent economic shutdown have had severe impacts on the tourism industry. Acquiring an understanding of the impacts and ongoing response procedures is crucial to recovery planning. The purpose of this study is to explore the management procedures undertaken by sport tourism stakeholders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana, USA, a state that relies heavily on sport tourism for its economic vibrancy.

Design/methodology/approach

A constructivist grounded theory approach was adopted. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 high-rank managers in sport tourism organizations.

Findings

Continued uncertainty, psychological and financial distress were found to be the main challenges. Contingency planning, adaptability and focus on doable tasks were the core elements of the strategic response plan. Resilience management, particularly social and financial, appeared to be key in the recovery process. A stronger return was predicted with technological advancements and new collaborations. Intra-destination collaboration and creative programs were found to be key in the long-term resilience of the destination.

Originality/value

Findings shed light on the challenges faced, response actions undertaken, and the projected future which helps to understand the stories behind decisions and proposals, identify the gaps, and plan the best possible practices. Recommendations for leveraging sports to revitalize the destinations and help businesses survive the crisis are provided that can guide sport tourism communities on their path to recovery from COVID-19.

Keywords

Citation

Mirehie, M. and Cho, I. (2021), "Exploring the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sport tourism", International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-04-2021-0081

Publisher
:
Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright

© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Exploring the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sport tourism

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
To read the full version of this content please select one of the options below: Mona Mirehie (Department of Tourism, Event and Sport Management, School of Health and Human Sciences , Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis , Indianapolis, Indiana, USA) Inje Cho (Department of Sport Management, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA) The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and consequent economic shutdown have had severe impacts on the tourism industry.

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(Reuters) - Major sports events around the world that are in the process of re-starting or which have been rescheduled due to the COVID-19 pandemic:

SOCCER

For an overview of the state of play in Europe's soccer leagues amid the coronavirus outbreak click here:

* Major League Soccer will restart the season on July 8 by staging a tournament without fans at Disney World in Orlando, Florida.

* The 2020 K-League season kicked off on May 8 behind closed doors.

* Euro 2020 and Copa America were postponed. The two tournaments will now be staged from June 11 to July 11, 2021.

* The Euro 2021 Women's Championship has been pushed back to July 6-31, 2022.

* Asian Champions League: The start of the knockout rounds was moved back to September.

* The Chinese Football Association (CFA) has drawn up three plans to complete the 2020 Chinese Super League (CSL) season, one of which would see the campaign begin in late June and finish in December.

* Costa Rica became the first country in the Americas to restart their professional league.

* The women's Under-20 World Cup in Costa Rica and Panama, postponed from August-September, has been rescheduled for Jan. 20-Feb. 6, 2021.

* The National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) said clubs could begin small group training sessions from May 25. The league is aiming for a late June return with a single city month-long tournament.

* Australia's A-League will resume in mid-July providing an agreement can be reached with broadcasters.

* Colombia has authorised clubs to begin training again in June with a view to restarting its professional leagues in August.

* England's FA Cup final will be held on Aug. 1. The quarter-finals will be held on June 27-28, with the semi-finals earmarked for July 18-19.

* The J.League announced that its top division would restart on July 4. Japan's second tier, J.2, will restart one week earlier on June 27.

* Vietnam's top-flight soccer league resumed last week without social distancing measures or curbs on crowd sizes.

OLYMPICS

* The postponed Tokyo Olympic Games will now begin on July 23, 2021 and run until Aug. 8.

* World Athletics has suspended Olympic qualification until December.

PARALYMPICS

The postponed Paralympic Games will run from Aug. 24-Sep. 5, 2021.

WORLD BEACH GAMES

The 2021 World Beach Games were moved to 2023.

WORLD GAMES

* The 2021 World Games have been pushed back by a year to avoid clashing with the Olympics.

OTHER SPORTS

ATHLETICS

* The World Athletics Championships scheduled for 2021 in Eugene, Oregon have been moved to the summer of 2022 because of the Olympic Games rescheduling.

* The World Athletics Indoor Championships (Nanjing, March 13-15) were postponed to March 19-21, 2021.

* The London Marathon which was due to take place on April 26 has been postponed to Oct. 4.

* The Diamond League plans to hold three meetings in August in Monaco, Gateshead and Stockholm followed by September events in Lausanne, Brussels, Paris, Shanghai and possibly Rome or Naples. Meetings in Eugene, Doha and China have been scheduled for October.

* World Athletics released its calendar for the international season beginning with a Continental Tour Gold event in Finland on Aug. 11 and ending with a Diamond League meeting in China.

* This year's Biathle/Triathle World Championships in Weiden have been moved to 2021.

* The World Triathlon Series (WTS) event and Mixed Relay World Championships in Hamburg have been rescheduled for the weekend of Sept. 5-6.

* The Ironman triathlon has been pushed back to Sept. 6 from its original June 21 start.

* This year's Multisport World Championships, due to take place in Almere from Sept. 4-13, have been pushed back to 2021. The 2021 event in Townsville will move to 2022, while Ibiza will host the competition in 2023.

AUSTRALIAN RULES

* The Australian Football League season will resume on June 11, with four clubs moving to the Gold Coast due to tighter COVID-19 restrictions in their home states.

BADMINTON

* The Thomas and Uber Cup will be held from Oct. 3-11.

* The 2021 World Championships will begin in late November instead of August to avoid clashing with the rescheduled Tokyo Olympics.

* The BWF announced a new 2020 calendar with the World Tour set to return with the Taipei Open from Sept. 1-6.

BASEBALL

* The South Korean league started on May 5 without fans.

* Taiwan's baseball season resumed in April behind closed doors. On May 9, fans were allowed in for the first time, with 1,000 spectators watching games in New Taipei and Taichung.

* Major League Baseball team owners on May 11 agreed a plan to start playing in empty stadiums in early July.

* Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) league will begin its 2020 season on June 19 with games played in empty stadiums.

BASKETBALL

* China will resume domestic basketball league games on June 20.

BOXING

* Dillian Whyte's heavyweight fight against Alexander Povetkin has been rescheduled for July 4.

CANOEING

* Canoe Slalom World Cups in France and Czech Republic have been tentatively rescheduled to October or November.

* The Canoe Slalom World Cup Final and non-Olympic World Championships in Germany have been moved from September to October.

* Canoe Polo World Championships in Rome have been pushed back until April 2021.

CRICKET

* English cricket's The Hundred, originally scheduled to begin on July 17, was pushed back to 2021.

* England's domestic season has been pushed back until at least Aug. 1.

* England's three-match test series against the West Indies will begin on July 8.

CYCLING

* Giro d'Italia will begin on Oct. 3, while the Spanish Vuelta will be held from Oct. 20.

* Milan-Sanremo will be held on Aug. 8, Liege-Bastogne-Liege on Oct. 4, the Tour des Flandres on Oct. 18, Paris-Roubaix on Oct. 25 and the Tour of Lombardy on Oct. 31.

* The Tour de France that was due to be held from June 27-July 19 has been postponed to Aug. 29-Sept 20.

* The European Road Cycling Championships, scheduled for Sept. 9-13, have been postponed by a year.

GOLF

* Tiger Woods and Peyton Manning defeated Phil Mickelson and Tom Brady in a charity golf match in Florida on May 24 at Medalist Golf Club in Hobe Sound, Florida.

* The Masters at Augusta National Golf Club has been rescheduled for Nov. 12-15 from April 9-12.

* The PGA Championships at TPC Harding Park San Francisco, has been rescheduled for Aug. 6-9 from May 14-17.

* The U.S. Open at Winged Foot Golf Club, Mamaroneck, New York, was rescheduled to Sept. 17-20 from June 8-21.

* The Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA) is hoping to get the 2020 season underway with the Dow Great Lakes Bay Invitational from July 15-18.

* The Women's PGA Championship has been postponed from late June to Oct. 8-11.

* The Australian PGA Championship will take place at the Royal Queensland Golf Club from Dec. 3-6.

* The first major of the 2020 golf season got underway on May 14 when South Korea hosted the Korea Ladies Professional Golf Association (KLPGA) Championship. Park Hyun-kyung won the title.

* World number one Ko Jin-young took on No. 3 Park Sung-hyun in a charity skins match on May 24 at the Sky 72 Golf & Resort in Incheon.

* The European Tour will resume with the British Masters on July 22 as part of a six-tournament run in the United Kingdom.

* Former world number one Justin Rose and his wife Kate will sponsor a new women's series in Britain starting this month.

* Golf's Asian Tour said it is planning to resume its 2020 season in September with the Shinhan Donghae Open in South Korea.

* Next month's Memorial Tournament in Dublin, Ohio will be the first on the PGA Tour's revamped schedule to allow spectators.

HORSE RACING

* Racing in France began without spectators at ParisLongchamp on May 11.

* Horse racing resumed in Germany on May 7 with a limited number of races in front of empty stands in Hanover. Races were also scheduled for May 8 in Cologne.

* The Kentucky Derby, the first jewel in North American horse racing's Triple Crown (May 2) was postponed to Sept. 5.

* Churchill Downs, the home of the Kentucky Derby, opened for spectator-free racing on May 16.

* The shortened Belmont Stakes will be run on June 20 without spectators.

MOTOR SPORTS

* The NASCAR season resumed with races at the Darlington Raceway in South Carolina on May 17 and May 20.

* The Le Mans 24 hours race was postponed from June 13-14 to Sept. 19-20.

* The Indianapolis 500 has been postponed until Aug. 23.

* The MotoGP season will begin with back-to-back races at the Jerez circuit in Spain on July 19 and 26.

* IndyCar will open its delayed season on June 6 with the Genesys 300 at Texas Motor Speedway (TMS) without fans in attendance. The race at St. Petersburg, Florida scheduled for March 15 has been pushed back to Oct. 25.

* Formula One hopes to start the delayed season in Austria in July without spectators before ending in Abu Dhabi in December. Silverstone have agreed terms for two races without spectators at the circuit this season.

NBA

The NBA's Board of Governors approved a plan to restart the season, with a tentative July 31 target date, at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida.

NFL

* The NFL season will begin on Sept. 10 with a game between Super Bowl champions Kansas City Chiefs and Houston Texans.

NHL

The National Hockey League has scrapped plans to play regular-season games in the Czech Republic and Finland this year.

The NHL suspended play in mid-March but allowed teams to reopen training facilities from last week.

RUGBY

* Australia's National Rugby League resumed on May 28 with Parramatta Eels picking up an emphatic 43-6 victory over the Brisbane Broncos at an empty Lang Park.

* Rugby Australia hopes to get players back in training in June for matches in July.

* New Zealand's five Super Rugby teams will play each other in a 10-week domestic competition from June 13.

* The Mitre 10 Cup, New Zealand's annual provincial competition, will start with a full 14-team championship from Sept. 11.

* The English Premiership is planning to resume its 2019-20 campaign on Aug. 15.

* New Zealand Rugby confirmed the women's national provincial championship would begin on Aug. 22.

* The English Premiership is planning to resume its 2019-20 campaign on Aug. 15.

SNOOKER

* The World Snooker Championship, originally scheduled to begin on April 18, will start on July 31 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield.

* Snooker resumed in the United Kingdom on June 1 with the Championship League event without fans at the Marshall Arena in Milton Keynes.

SWIMMING

* The 2020 European Aquatics Championships scheduled to take place from May 11-24 in Budapest, Hungary, have been postponed to next year.

* The World Aquatics Championships, scheduled for July 16-Aug. 1, 2021, were pushed back to May 13-29, 2022.

* The World Swimming Championships in Abu Dhabi, scheduled to take place in December, have been pushed back by a year.

TENNIS

* The French Open was postponed until Sept. 20-Oct. 4.

* The women's Rogers Cup tournament in Montreal was postponed until 2021.

* Professional tennis returned with the Tennis Point Exhibition Series event in Germany on May 1.

* Hubert Hurkacz, Miomir Kecmanovic, Reilly Opelka and Tommy Paul took part in the UTR Pro Match Series in Florida that began on May 8.

* Bianca Andreescu and Sofia Kenin will be among 16 WTA players who will launch the Credit One Bank Invitational in Charleston on June 23.

* Novak Djokovic is bringing together some of the world's top tennis players for a series of matches to run from June 13-July 5 in the Balkan region.

* World TeamTennis, an innovative mixed-gender professional tennis league, will start from July 5 at the Greenbrier, West Virginia, and up to 500 fans will be allowed to attend matches.

* Andy Murray will make his return at a behind-closed-doors tournament organised by his brother Jamie from June 23-28 in London. Fellow Britons Dan Evans and Kyle Edmund will also take part.

ULTIMATE FIGHTING CHAMPIONSHIP

* UFC action returned with three cards on May 9, May 13 and May 16. UFC chief Dana White said this week the mixed martial arts promotion's "Fight Island" located in Abu Dhabi would host four events next month including UFC 251.

List of sports events that have either been cancelled or postponed due to the outbreak:

OLYMPIC TRIALS

* U.S. trials for wrestling (April 4-5) were postponed.

* U.S. Rowing postponed its team trials.

* U.S. diving trials (April 3-5) were postponed.

NORTH AMERICA

* The MLB has further delayed its 2020 season's opening day of March 26.

* The Women's National Basketball Association postponed the start of its 2020 regular season, originally scheduled to run from May 15-Sept. 20.

* The 2019-20 American Hockey League (AHL) regular season and the 2020 Calder Cup Playoffs were cancelled. The AHL standings at the time of suspension will be used to determine league awards.

SOCCER

* FIFA has agreed to delay the first edition of its revamped Club World Cup due to be held in 2021.

* UEFA put all club and national team competitions for men and women on hold until further notice.

* The men's and women's Champions League finals and Europa League final originally scheduled for May have been postponed.

* South America's two biggest club competitions, the Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana, are suspended.

* CONCACAF suspended all competitions, including the Champions League and men's Olympic qualifiers.

* Asian and South American qualifying matches for 2022 World Cup were postponed.

* Barcelona's women's team were declared champions of Spain's Liga Iberdrola after the national soccer federation's executive committee agreed to end all non-professional competitions.

* The Asian Football Confederation on April 14 postponed all matches and competitions scheduled for May-June until further notice.

* Semi-finals of the CAF Champions league (May 1-3) and CAF Confederation Cup (May 8-10) were postponed.

* This year's International Champions Cup, a pre-season tournament featuring Europe's top clubs, was cancelled.

* Cameroon cancelled the rest of its league season and declared leaders PWD Bamenda as champions.

* Wales' top flight league was called off and Connah's Quay Nomads were crowned champions.

* Mexico cancelled the remainder of its men's and women's seasons. No champions will be crowned.

* Chelsea were awarded the Women's Super League title and Aston Villa were declared the winners of the second-tier Women's Championship by England's Football Association (FA) after the season was ended.

OTHER SPORTS

ATHLETICS

* The Diamond League, the elite track and field competition, was forced to cancel its London meeting scheduled for July 4-5. It had previously postponed events in seven cities scheduled between April and June.

* The Paris and Barcelona marathons were postponed.

* The 2020 European Athletics Championship due to take place from Aug. 25-30 were cancelled.

* The Boston Marathon, originally scheduled to be held in April and then postponed until September, has been cancelled for the first time in its 124-year history.

* The Stawell Gift, Australia's oldest and richest handicap footrace, has been cancelled for the first time since 1945.

BADMINTON

* The Badminton World Federation (BWF) cancelled the last five tournaments in the qualification period for the Olympics.

* The Indonesia Open (June 16-21) was among a host of events that have been cancelled while tournaments over the next three months were also suspended in Australia, Thailand and Russia.

* The U.S. Open, set to be held from June 23-28 in California, was suspended.

* This year's European Badminton Championships have been cancelled.

BASEBALL

* The final qualification tournament in Taiwan for the Olympics was put back from April to June 17-21, while the March 22-26 qualification event in Arizona was postponed.

BASKETBALL

* The International Basketball Federation postponed the men's Olympic qualifiers, European Championship and the Americas Championship by a year.

* Turkey cancelled its basketball season on May 11.

* Europe's top two club basketball competitions, EuroLeague and EuroCup, have been terminated without naming any winners.

* The National Basketball Association's minor-league organization has decided to cancel the remainder of its 2019-20 season.

BOXING

* Anthony Joshua's world heavyweight title defence against Bulgarian Kubrat Pulev at Tottenham Hotspur's stadium on June 20 was postponed.

CRICKET

* The Indian Premier League, originally suspended until April 15, has been postponed indefinitely.

* The last two games of Australia's three-match one-day international series against New Zealand in Sydney and Hobart were cancelled while the limited-overs tours were postponed.

* The boards of India and South Africa agreed to reschedule a three-match ODI series to a later date.

* England's test series against Sri Lanka and West Indies were postponed. The England and Wales Cricket Board extended the suspension of the professional game in the country until July 1.

* South Africa's limited-overs tour of Sri Lanka that was scheduled to take place in June has been postponed.

* Australia's proposed test tour of Bangladesh in June has been postponed.

* Ireland's home series against New Zealand and Pakistan scheduled for June and July have been postponed.

CURLING

* Men's and women's world championships in Scotland and Canada respectively were cancelled.

* World mixed doubles and senior championships in Canada, scheduled from April 18-25 were cancelled.

CYCLING

* The final two stages of the UAE Tour were cancelled after two Italian participants tested positive.

* The Paris-Nice cycling race ended a day early after the eighth stage into Nice was cancelled.

* The Women's Tour, scheduled to take place from June 8-13 was cancelled.

* This year's Tour of Britain scheduled for September has been cancelled.

GOLF

* The British Open Championship was cancelled.

* The European Tour cancelled the BMW International Open (June 25-28) and the Open de France (July 2-5).

* The LPGA cancelled Tour qualifying "Q-schools" this year as well as the Meijer LPGA Classic in Michigan.

* The John Deere Classic scheduled for July in Illinois has been cancelled.

* The Evian Championship, one of five women's golf major tournaments, has been cancelled.

HANDBALL

* The German handball season was cancelled after top clubs voted in favour of abandoning the campaign.

* The men's and women's EHF Cup and Challenge Cup were cancelled.

* The remaining women's Euro 2020 qualifiers as well as European playoff matches for the 2021 men's world championship were cancelled.

HORSE RACING

* The Grand National festival (April 2-4) was cancelled.

* The Dubai World Cup, one of the world's richest horse races and a premier annual sporting event in the United Arab Emirates, will not go ahead this year.

* The Guineas Festival at Newmarket in May and June's Epsom Derby have been postponed while June's Royal Ascot may be held without spectators.

* This year's Shergar Cup, due to take place on Aug. 8, has been cancelled.

MOTOR SPORTS

* NASCAR postponed events at Kansas Speedway May 30-31, Michigan International Speedway June 5-7, the NASCAR Xfinity Series race at Mid-Ohio May 30, and the Gander Trucks Series race at Texas Motor Speedway, previously scheduled for June 5.

* The Bretagne World Rallycross at Loheac, scheduled to take place on Sept. 5-6, has been cancelled.

* This year's Silverstone Classic, scheduled for July 31-Aug. 2, has been cancelled.

* Eight MotoGP races have been cancelled so far this season including the Qatar, Dutch, German, Finnish, British, Australian, Japanese and Italian rounds.

* The Rally Wales GB, scheduled for Oct. 29-Nov. 1, was cancelled for the first time in more than 50 years.

* Rally New Zealand's September event was cancelled.

* Rally Finland scheduled for Aug. 6-9 in and around the central city of Jyvaskyla was cancelled.

NETBALL

* Netball Superleague fixtures were postponed until at least May 31.

ROWING

* The 2020 US Rowing National Championships scheduled for July and the 2020 US Rowing Masters National Championships scheduled for August have been cancelled.

* British Rowing extended the suspension of all its events to July 31. The British Rowing Offshore Championships & Beach Sprints and British Rowing Junior Championships have been cancelled.

RUGBY

* Four Six Nations matches were postponed.

* France's rugby federation suspended all its competitions and will not be allowed to return until September.

* The European rugby season was suspended after European Professional Club Rugby postponed Champions Cup and Challenge Cup quarter-final matches (April 3-5).

* The semi-final and final of this season's Champions Cup and Challenge Cup tournaments, which were due to take place in Marseille in May, have been postponed.

* England's Rugby Football Union and Wales' governing body confirmed the end of the 2019-20 season for all league, cup and county rugby, but the English Premiership has been excluded.

* Super Rugby suspended its season.

* World Rugby has postponed all test matches scheduled for July.

* This year's Rugby League Challenge Cup final, scheduled for July 18 at Wembley Stadium, has been postponed.

* The French Top 14 season has been officially abandoned and no champions will be named.

SURFING

* The World Surfing League extended the postponement of events through June while also announcing a major overhaul for future tours, with details on a post-season surf-off to be announced in July.

TABLE TENNIS

* The International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) scrapped all table tennis competitions until the end of July.

TENNIS

* The Wimbledon championships were cancelled for the first time since World War Two.

* The Fed Cup finals (Budapest; April 14-19) were postponed.

* The Sept. 25-27 Laver Cup was cancelled to avoid a clash with the re-scheduled French Open.

* ATP events in Hamburg, Bastad, Newport, Los Cabos, Gstaad, Umag, Atlanta and Kitzbuhel will not go ahead as scheduled while WTA events in Bastad, Lausanne, Bucharest and Jurmala scheduled for July will not be held.

VOLLEYBALL

* The international volleyball federation (FIVB) cancelled this year's Volleyball Nations League, which was scheduled to begin on May 19 for the women's competition and May 22 for the men's event.

* Turkey cancelled its volleyball season on May 11.

WINTER SPORTS

* The International Ski Federation cancelled the final races of the men's Alpine skiing World Cup.

* The World Cup finals in Cortina were cancelled along with the last three women's races in Are.

* The women's world ice hockey championships in Canada were cancelled.

* The Ice Hockey World Championship scheduled for Switzerland in May was cancelled.

* The speed skating world championships in Seoul were postponed until at least October.

* The March 16-22 world figure skating championships in Montreal were cancelled.

* The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) has cancelled the remainder of its season after temporarily suspending its playoffs.

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Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sports events around the world

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(Reuters) - Major sports events around the world that are in the process of re-starting or which have been rescheduled due to the COVID-19 pandemic: For an overview of the state of play in Europe's soccer leagues amid the coronavirus outbreak click here: * Major League Soccer will restart the season on July 8 by staging a tournament without fans at Disney World in Orlando, Florida.

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Attitudes towards Music and Cultural Events in a COVID-19 Era - UK - 2021

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As a leading supplier of competitive media, product and consumer intelligence Mintel provides expert analysis on all aspects of consumers’ economic activity and accurate monitoring of global fmcg activity.

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How to Keep Up with the Next Generation of Food Tourism

Let us take you back to a time where tourists could wander off the beaten path and onto the rugged cobblestones of a road-less-travelled neighbourhood, exploring the bustling local markets through a delight of aromas and friendly unfamiliar faces during an authentic food and walking tour. Tasting sauces with strangers, breaking bread with locals and learning about cultures through the eyes (and tastebuds) of travelling gastronomes.

Now fast-forward to our current times of the pandemic, where the only thing we are breaking with strangers are personal boundaries and the foodies with wanderlust are now craving a cooking and cultural experience to be satisfied through digital means. It is no secret that the travel industry and its bread and butter, culinary tourism, has been greatly impacted by the extreme decline in international travel and shift in demand. As COVID-19 has transformed the gastronomic tourism industry globally, businesses are either pivoting, looking to pivot, or launching new offerings; and technology is featuring across these changes in different ways. From adapting food tourism experiences in line social distancing requirements to the anticipation of government support, there are a few ways the culinary tourism market can sow seeds in the consumer landscape of the future.

From the inside, out

As the cultural trend for destination brand identity is re-evaluated by businesses internationally, it is important for stakeholders in the gastronomic tourism industry to address technological transformation as a key pillar and extend their existing models to reflect this shift. New research shows that the impact of moving food tourism to digital space also calls for us to examine the current situation and explore research and practical consequences in the post-COVID future. As tourism has proven to be resilient through past events, it is predicted this is a key reflection of the future and there is also anticipation for government support to the sector; assisting in the rebuild and aligned with technology's new role in the industry.

Navigating the change in direction

As we overcome the current and future restrictions through technology, there is a new spotlight on domestic tourism as a buffer against the fall in international culinary travel. Due to the limitations on travel, it is important for the gastronomic tourism industry to explore new domestic opportunities in line with social distancing requirements, safety and hygiene protocols, local access and adapting to social capacities to appeal to the responsible consumer behaviour. Domestic demand is rebounding faster than international demand and businesses are providing gastronomes with fulfillment through local food tourism, right in our own backyards. By offering a more local experience and targeted approach in line with the neighbouring market, it is building the foundation of a new pillar in offerings now and into the future.

With gastronomic tourism facing the challenge of remaining attractive to current and potential customers, technology is also providing opportunities in areas which address the need for tourists to access cultural information and create new home-based experiences. The pandemic has flourished the growth of innovative concepts in technology relating to culinary travel. Online cooking sessions and tutorials, live guided tastings, virtual reality tours, remote social eating and drinking are current and viable applications that have succeeded in supporting and temporarily replacing the traditional gastronomy tourism experience. Travelling Spoon is the perfect example of a food business who have pivoted successfully using technology, with a shift from primarily international experiences to now offer cooking classes with locals both in-person and online. The use of creativity with technology combined will allow businesses within the food tourism industry to continue appealing to gastronomes and keep the travelling flame alight, satisfying the current and evolving demands.
In conclusion
For food tourism, the limitations faced during the pandemic has been a journey of adaption and exploration of new opportunities in technology. From stakeholders addressing new strategies in line with tech to including offerings which appeal to the local market, these key methods of preparation are proving to be the most effective way forward. As we research and prepare for what the industry will look like post-COVID, it is more important now than ever to understand the history and future of gastronomic tourism to grow with the demand and stamp your potential on the technology passport of global food travel's future.

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How to Keep Up with the Next Generation of Food Tourism

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Let us take you back to a time where tourists could wander off the beaten path and onto the rugged cobblestones of a road-less-travelled neighbourhood, exploring the bustling local markets through a delight of aromas and friendly unfamiliar faces during an authentic food and walking tour.

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11 Pages Posted: 11 Feb 2021

Date Written: February 15, 2021

Abstract

Purpose: The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) global pandemic forced hospitality and tourism service providers to respond by pivoting business models in line with governmental restrictions to curb the spread of the virus. This paper explores the online responsiveness of tourism-affiliated culinary service providers to a major external disruption.

Methods: This study uses ecosystem resilience and Internet marketing theories to analyze 139 web homepages of culinary tourism service providers promoted by the official tourism website of Jamaica, to measure of Jamaica to measure online responsiveness to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: Findings show that web page responses vary between the official tourism web page and the restaurants promoted on its site. Responses also vary across restaurant affiliation clusters and across location clusters. Further, resilient web page responses are more commonly associated with hotel restaurants and eponymous restaurants.

Implications: Culinary service providers promoted by the official tourism marketing arm of a destination should consistently practice resilient online marketing response to external shocks. This study provides a novel analysis of online responsiveness to COVID-19 and contributes a summary framework for resilient response by culinary ecosystem providers preparing for post-pandemic travel.

Keywords: COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), culinary tourism, ecosystems, Jamaica, resilient, external shock

JEL Classification: H12, L66, R41

Milwood, Pauline A. and Crick, Anne P., Culinary Tourism and Post-Pandemic Travel: Ecosystem Responses to an External Shock (February 15, 2021). Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing (JTHSM), Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 23-32, 2021, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4516562, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3783682

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culinary tourism and post-pandemic travel: ecosystem responses to an external shock

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Culinary Tourism and Post-Pandemic Travel: Ecosystem Responses to an External Shock

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11 Pages Posted: 11 Feb 2021 Date Written: February 15, 2021 Purpose: The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) global pandemic forced hospitality and tourism service providers to respond by pivoting business models in line with governmental restrictions to curb the spread of the virus. This paper explores the online responsiveness of tourism-affiliated culinary service providers to a major external disruption.

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Abstract Festivals have become a part of the cultural fabric of global society and a tourism and leisure pursuit that is participated in by many. The COVID-19 crisis has meant that many festivals in 2020 have been canceled or postponed. But what are the long term impacts for the future of the industry, and accessibility to these events?

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Sinds het coronavirus begin 2020 oplaaide, houdt het de hele wereld in haar greep. Welke impact de coronacrisis op de sport heeft, dat is niet alleen de vraag in Nederland. In dit artikel houden we je op de hoogte van de laatste inzichten en onderzoeken van onze Europese collega's.

In Nederland doet het kennisconsortium Sport en corona, als onderdeel van het Mulier Instituut en Kenniscentrum Sport & Bewegen, onderzoek om kennis over de impact van de coronacrisis op de sportwereld te verzamelen en te verspreiden.

Op Europees niveau zijn in de afgelopen maanden een aantal conferenties gehouden over dit onderwerp, onder meer bij de Raad van Europa, de Europese Commissie en de Raad van Ministers van sport ook TAFISA Europe (The Association For International Sport For All) organiseerde al een webinar om kennis over dit onderwerp te delen. Via de links is goed na te lezen welke zorgen en oplossingen daar zijn gedeeld. In dit artikel zoomen we in op een aantal opvallende voorbeelden uit Europese landen over de impact van corona op sport en bewegen en de mogelijkheden voor herstel.

Schokkende cijfers uit Slovenië

De afgelopen tien jaar verbeterden de motorische vaardigheden van de kinderen in Slovenië. Door de coronacrisis is deze groei in twee maanden tijd teniet gedaan, zo bleek uit onderzoek [1] dat professor Gregor Starc van de Universiteit van Ljubljana uitvoerde onder 100 scholen en 20.000 kinderen. Dit presenteerde hij tijdens de online conferentie van de Raad van Europa.

In Slovenië werd van half maart tot mei een lockdown ingesteld waardoor kinderen op school en daarbuiten weinig mogelijkheden tot sport en bewegen hadden.

Tweederde van de kinderen zei dat ze even actief waren als vóór de coronacrisis. Maar hun motorische vaardigheden toonden anders: deze bleken met 13% te zijn gedaald, terwijl de gemiddelde jaarlijkse daling in de laatste drie decennia slechts 0,4% was.

Kinderen die zelf wel een afname van hun uithoudingsvermogen ervaarden, liepen de 600 meter in juni 2020 - na de lockdownperiode - gemiddeld maar liefst 20 seconden langzamer dan dat zij dat in april 2019 deden. Ruim vóór de coronacrisis dus én toen zij een jaar jonger waren.

In dezelfde periode, tussen april 2019 en juni 2020, verminderde het uithoudingsvermogen en de coördinatie van tweederde van de kinderen.

Bij meer dan de helft van de kinderen werd een toename van onderhuids vet gevonden.

Sportiefste kinderen het hardst geraakt

Bij het Sloveense onderzoek [2] viel op dat de kinderen die vóór de coronacrisis tot de fitste kinderen behoorden, het meest achteruit waren gegaan wat betreft spierkracht en conditie. Voorheen besteedden zij minimaal vijf uur per week aan intensieve fysieke activiteiten, maar nu bleven deze fysieke inspanningen achterwege. Het gevolg hiervan is de toename van vetmassa, omdat hun eetpatroon onveranderd is gebleven ten opzichte van de situatie vóór de coronacrisis.

Als de Sloveense wielrenner Tadej Pogačar, die in 2020 de Tour de France won, net als de gemiddelde Sloveense jongen tijdens de coronacrisis 18% van zijn uithoudingsvermogen zou verliezen, was hij 7 uur later gefinisht dan degene die nu het laatst over de finish ging. Dat is de mate van afname van de fysieke gesteldheid waar we het over hebben."
Onderzoeker Gregor Starc

Metingen die Starc later deed, in september, toonden aan dat de fysieke gesteldheid van ongeveer 15.000 van de 20.000 onderzochte kinderen zelfs nog lager was dan onder de kinderen die eerder al onderzocht waren. De inactiviteit tijdens de zomervakantie draagt bij aan de afname van de fitheid van de kinderen, zoals het onderzoeksteam van Starc al verwachtte.

Vlaanderen: meer beweging, maar ook meer zitten

In Vlaanderen laat het onderzoek van de KU Leuven, de Universiteit Gent en de Vrije Universiteit Brussel [3] zien dat 58% van de mensen die vóór corona niet actief aan het sporten was, nu volgens eigen zeggen juist meer aan sporten is. Van de mensen die al sportief waren voordat de coronamaatregelen werden ingevoerd, geeft 36% aan meer te sporten. Van de laagopgeleiden die voor de lockdown niet aan sport deden, beweegt 66% nu meer.

Toch zijn de resultaten niet overwegend positief. Het merendeel van de respondenten via een online enquete (13.515 Vlaamse respondenten in de leeftijd van 18 tot 75 jaar) geeft namelijk aan meer te zitten dan voor de coronamaatregelen. Ook zien we in Vlaanderen een flinke daling bij de jeugd: 55% van de kinderen sport of beweegt minder sinds de lockdown. Van de sporters mist 75% zijn of haar oorspronkelijk sportgedrag, met als voornaamste redenen het sociaal contact, de manier waarop er gesport kan worden en de gezelligheid. De helft van de sporters voelt zich ook verhinderd om te sporten omdat de sportinfrastructuur gesloten is.

Engeland: concrete hulp op fit te blijven

SportEngland liet begin april al een onderzoek uitvoeren onder meer dan 2.000 Engelsen van 16 jaar en ouder. Tweederde van de Engelse volwassenen vindt bewegen op dat moment belangrijker dan ooit, aldus het onderzoek van Sport England [4]. De meerderheid van de volwassenen denkt ook dat bewegen een positieve invloed heeft op de mentale gezondheid gedurende de coronacrisis.

Er is wel een verschil in beweeggedrag van verschillende groepen. Jonge mensen bewegen iets meer dan volwassenen van 55 jaar en ouder. Mensen met een hoger inkomen bewegen meer dan mensen met een lager inkomen. En mensen die in een landelijke omgeving wonen bewegen meer dan mensen in de stad.

'Herfst en winter toolkit voor bewegen'

Naar aanleiding van deze bevindingen, lanceerde Sport England onlangs de 'Autumn and Winter Activity Toolkit'. Een toolkit waarmee zowel individuele als georganiseerde sportaanbieders het komende halfjaar mensen kunnen ondersteunen om actief te blijven. Voor sportaanbieders is de winter elk jaar een lastige periode, maar door geldende beperkingen en de financiële gevolgen van de coronacrisis dreigen zij het dit jaar nóg moeilijker te krijgen.

"Sport en fysieke activiteit leveren onmiddellijke mentale en sociale voordelen op, terwijl ze op de lange termijn een impact hebben op onze lichamelijke gezondheid", aldus Sport England-algemeen directeur Tim Hollingsworth. "Voldoende beweging is essentieel om mentaal het hoofd te kunnen bieden aan de uitdagingen die ons de komende maanden te wachten staan, maar ook om in fysiek opzicht fitter en gezonder te zijn. Zo versterken we onze immuniteit en kunnen we ziekten over het algemeen makkelijker afweren."

Ierland: vooral meer wandelen

Uit onderzoek van Sport Ireland [5] blijkt dat volwassenen meer zijn gaan bewegen dan vóór de coronamaatregelen, wat voornamelijk zichtbaar is in een substantiële stijging in wandelen. Wandelen gebeurt nu namelijk meer door zowel mannen als vrouwen, voor alle leeftijden boven de 15 jaar en voornamelijk onder de 45 jaar. Ook de populariteit van hardlopen en fietsen is sterk toegenomen.

Het aantal actieve mensen is door de coronacrisis met 5% afgenomen en vergeleken met hetzelfde moment een jaar eerder, met 8%. Teamactiviteiten, of activiteiten waarvoor faciliteiten nodig zijn die inmiddels de deuren hebben gesloten, zijn logischerwijs afgenomen.

Lange-termijneffecten op leefstijl van kinderen

De Youth Health Community heeft op initiatief van JOGG Nederland op 18 november een (nog terug te kijken) international webinar 'The Impact of Corona Measures on the Lifestyle of Our Children' gehouden. Daarin is benadrukt dat de gezondheidsachterstanden voor kinderen uit kwetsbare wijken in de afgelopen maanden alleen maar groter zijn geworden.

De wijd verspreide oproep na afloop van het webinar was dan ook dat overheden, politici en andere stakeholders bij de toepassing van restricties in het kader van de coronabestrijding de hoogste prioriteit moeten geven aan de leefstijl en het welzijn van de jongste generatie. Kinderen en jongeren kunnen op de korte en lange termijn veel negatieve effecten ervaren, zowel op het gebied van hun fysieke als mentale gezondheid, aldus de internationale experts van onder andere Unicef.

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Sinds het coronavirus begin 2020 oplaaide, houdt het de hele wereld in haar greep. Welke impact de coronacrisis op de sport heeft, dat is niet alleen de vraag in Nederland. In dit artikel houden we je op de hoogte van de laatste inzichten en onderzoeken van onze Europese collega's.