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Alan Turing was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist.
He was born on  June 23, 1912, in London.

With the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general-purpose computer, Turing had a significant impact on the development of theoretical computer science, offering a formalization of the concepts of algorithm and computation.

Turing is considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. His work is widely known as foundational research of computer science and artificial intelligence.

Turing developed the concept of a universal computer which was later named as "Turing machine", capable of calculating everything that is computable in a work titled "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem" in 1936.

In world war, Turing played a crucial role in cracking intercepted German ciphers coded messages.

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Madhawa

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Steve Jobs is American who is a investor in business, industrial designer and a media proprieter.He was born on 24th of February 1955 at San Francisco,California.He is the one who made Apple the world’s most valuable publicly traded company in2011.
He studied at Reed college at 1972 to 1974 and then at Homested High school.
He was the cofounder ,chairman and the CEO Apple Inc.And also the CEO of Next Inc.He was a director of the board  at The waltz Disney Company’.
He was the pioneer of the personal computer revolution at the 1970s and 1980s.
Steve Jobs was known as the father of “Digital Revolution” and also the master evangelist of the digital age.

s92087461
M.P.M. Fernando

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Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769 in the city of Ajaccio on the island of Corsica. His father was Carlo Buonaparte, an important attorney who represented Corsica at the court of the French King. He had four brothers and three sisters including an older brother named Joseph.

Coming from a fairly wealthy family, Napoleon was able to attend school and get a good education. He went to a military academy in France and trained to become an officer in the army. When his father died in 1785, Napoleon returned to Corsica to help handle the family's affairs. While in Corsica, Napoleon became involved with a local revolutionary named Pasquale Paoli. For a while he helped Paoli in fighting against the French occupation of Corsica. However, he later changed sides and returned to France.

While Napoleon was in Corsica, the French Revolution occurred in Paris, France. The people revolted against the King of France and took control of the country. The royal family and many aristocrats were killed. Upon Napoleon's return, he allied himself with a radical group of the revolutionaries called the Jacobins. He received a position as the artillery commander at the Siege of Toulon in 1793. The city of Toulon was occupied by British troops and the British navy had control over the port. Napoleon came up with a strategy that helped to defeat the British and force them out of the port. His military leadership in the battle was recognized by the leaders of France and, at the young age of 24, he was promoted to the position of brigadier general.

In 1796, Napoleon was given command of the French army in Italy. When he arrived in Italy, he found the army to be poorly organized and losing to the Austrians. Napoleon, however, was an ambitious man and a brilliant general. He used superior organization in order to move troops rapidly around the battlefield so they would always outnumber the enemy. He soon drove the Austrians out of Italy and became a national hero.

After leading a military expedition in Egypt, Napoleon returned to Paris in 1799. The political climate in France was changing. The current government, called the Directory, was losing power. Together with his allies, including his brother Lucien, Napoleon formed a new government called the Consulate. Initially, there were to be three consuls at the head of the government, but Napoleon gave himself the title of First Consul. His powers as First Consul essentially made him dictator of France.

As the dictator of France, Napoleon was able to institute a number of government reforms. One of these reforms was the famous Napoleonic Code. This code said that government positions would not be appointed based on a person's birth or religion, but on their qualifications and ability. This was a big change in the French government. Before the Napoleonic Code, high positions were given to aristocrats by the king in return for favors. This often led to incompetent people in important positions. Napoleon also helped to improve the French economy by building new roads and encouraging business. He reestablished the Catholic Church as the official state religion, but at the same time allowed for freedom of religion to those who weren't Catholic. Napoleon also set up non-religious schools, so anyone could get an education. Napoleon's power and control continued to grow with his reforms. In 1804, he was crowned the first Emperor France. At the coronation, he did not allow the Pope to place the crown on his head, but instead crowned himself.

Initially, Napoleon maintained peace in Europe, however, soon France was at war with Britain, Austria, and Russia. After losing a naval battle against Britain at the Battle of Trafalgar, Napoleon decided to attack Austria. He soundly defeated the Austrian and Russian armies at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805. Over the next several years, Napoleon expanded the French Empire. At its greatest extent in 1811, France controlled much of Europe from Spain to the borders of Russia, not including Britain.

In 1812, Napoleon made his first major mistake. He decided to invade Russia. Napoleon marched a huge army to Russia. Many of them starved to death along the way. After a fierce battle with the Russian army, Napoleon entered Moscow. However, he found the city deserted. Soon, the city was on fire and many of the supplies were burned. As winter approached, Napoleon's army ran out of supplies. He had to return to France. By the time he returned to France, most of what was left of his army had died from the weather or starved to death.

With much of Napoleon's army decimated from the invasion in Russia, the rest of Europe now turned on France. Despite winning a few victories, Napoleon had too small an army and soon was forced into exile on the island of Elba in 1814.

Napoleon escaped from Elba in 1815. The army quickly backed him and he took over control of Paris for a period called the Hundred Days. The rest of Europe, however, would not stand for a return of Napoleon. They gathered their armies and met him at Waterloo. Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo on June 18, 1815 and was once again forced into exile. This time on the island of Saint Helena.

Napoleon died after six years of exile on Saint Helena on May 5, 1821. It is likely that he died from stomach cancer. His remains were moved to France in 1840 to Les Invalides in Paris.

~ S92080779 - U.D.R.Nikesh ~

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Mini - Biography about Mari Curie (1867-1934)

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Mini - Biography about Mari Curie (1867-1934)

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S92080756

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BIOGRAPHY ABOUT COCO CHANEL (1883 - 1971)

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BIOGRAPHY ABOUT COCO CHANEL (1883 - 1971)

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"Gabrielle Bonheur Coco Chanel" was a french haute couture fashion designer and businesswoman. She was born on 19th august 1883 in saumur, french. She was the founder of world famous fashion brand "CHANEL". She likes very simple & classy things and her favorite colour was black. She believed that there is nothing more classy than a little black dress.
Her mother died when she was twelve and her father sent her and her siblings to the orphanages. however, when she was 18, she got a job of a shop assistant at one clothing store and it was the turning point of her life. She had a brief career as a singer before opening her first clothes shop in 1910. She spent her free time singing in cabarets. She loved simple, yet practical pieces. With her trade mark suits and little black dresses, coco chanel created timeless designs that are still popular today. Her items are meant to last and meant to be worn through many decades. for this reason, chanel's products are made with the highest quality materials. I think that's why chanel was so successful. Coco is a member of "syndicale de la haute couture et du pret a porter. She receive "neiman marcus fashion award" in 1957. It was coco's greatest achievement.
Also she was a writer. her "The Secret of chanel no.5" book unveils the real magic of the women behind chanel the brand. However, she died on 1971. Her last words to her maid celind were "you see this is how you die".
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George washington was born on february ,1732 in westmoreland country. He was middle class family. He was home schooled and studied with the local church. After he became a teacher in 1748. He received an appointment as the official surveror. In 1789-1797 he became secured as a general and commander in cheif of the colonial armies and after he became the first president of the united states. In 1797 he turned over the government and his last year as a simple fammer. Finally,he died on December,1799 because of illness.

S92087657

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Kim Nam Joon better known by his stage name 'RM' is a South Korean rapper, song writer and record producer. He is a leader of the South Korean boy group ' BTS'. It is the extremely popular and top ranking group in the world.
He was born on 12th September 1994 in Donjak district, Seoul, South Korea. As a child  RM largely learned English with his mother. As a student he wrote many poetry in English because he had entirely desire for the literature. He received many awards for his poetry. At the age of eleven RM became interest in hip hop music. In 2007 he began his carrier as a rapper . In 2008 he participated his first concert. In the high school Nam Joon  scored the top of the nation in the university entrance examination for Mathematics and languages. He had an IQ of 148. These days he follows Business Administration degree in the university. Those things indicate that he is a multi talented person at his age.
He faced so many auditions but he failed but he never gave up. In 2010 he joined Big Hit Entertainment and trained three years. At that time six new members joined with him. After that these seven boys debuted as BTS on 29th of August 2013. Under the Kim Nam Joon's leadership this boy group has been on a successful journey in the music industry since 2013. Now they have huge local and international fan base called 'BTS army'.
As a leader and a good person he has so many good qualities . I really appreciate those qualities. As a leader he is very intelligent and smart. He always care his members very much as a father. He is very courageous person also. Every difficult moment he always humble for his staff and members. As a philanthropist he donates funds for Korean schools. Combining with his mercy, observation, and analytical characteristic no doubt Kim Nam Joon is suitable for the role of leader.
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Louis Pasteur was born 27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895 was a French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization. His research in chemistry led to remarkable breakthroughs in the understanding of the causes and prevention of diseases, which laid down the foundations of hygiene, public health and much of modern medicine.
His works are credited to saving millions of lives through the developments of vaccines for rabies and anthrax. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern bacteriology and has been honored as the "father of bacteriology.
Pasteur was responsible for disproving the doctrine of spontaneous generation. Under the auspices of the French Academy of Sciences, his experiment demonstrated that in sterilized and sealed flasks, nothing ever developed; and, conversely, in sterilized but open flasks, microorganisms could grow. For this experiment, the academy awarded him the Alhumbert Prize carrying 2,500 francs in 1862.
Pasteur is also regarded as one of the fathers of germ theory of diseases.

T.Jeyakaran
s92081838

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Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918 at Qunu, near Umtata. He was a civil rights leader in South Africa. Mandela was a anti apartheid activist and leader of the African national congress. He help lead the transition towards multi racial democracy in south Africa and become the south Africa's first democratically elected president. Nelson Mandela was awarded more than 250 awards including Nobel peace prize in November 2009.

S92085939
H.R.L.Priyashantha

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Soloman West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike, often referred to by his initials as S.W.R.D Bandaranaike  and known by the Sri Lankn people as "the silver Bel of Asia"was the fourth  prime minister  of the Dominion  of ceylon.(Sri Lanka)
Mr.Bandaranaika was born  on 8th January 1899 in colombo. And his mother was Daisy Obeysekara and father was Soloman Dias Bandaranaike.His family  was wealthy.He was studying at S.Thomos  college -colombo and after his school education he attended  at Oxford  University.
In 1940 he was married  Sirimavo Rathwaththe.and he had three children.names of them are Sunethra Bandaranaike, Chandrika Bandaranaike and Anura Bandaranaike.
Mr.Bandaranaika passed away on 26th September  1956.

U.I  Mahawedage
S92081877

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Albert Einstein was a German mathematician and physycist who developed the special and general theories of relativity.He was borned at Ulm,in wurttemberm,Germany,on March 14,1879.He is considered one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century.He won the Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.

Albert Einstein began to learn mathematics when he was 12 years old.He did his education at Aarau,Switzerland.Afterthat he entered the swiss Federal Polytechnic school in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in Physics and Mathematics.In 1901 ,He gained his diploma and acquired swiss citizenship.

In 1909 he become Professor Extraordinary at Zurich,in 1911 professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague,returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post.In 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin.

Einstein received honorary doctorate degrees in science,medicine and philosophy from many European and American universities.He gained numerous awards in recognition of his work,including the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1925,and the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1935.

Einstein married Mileva Marie in 1903 and they had a daughter and two sons.The marriage was dissolved in 1919 and that same year he married his Cousin Elsa Lowenthal.Einstein died on April 18,1955,in Princeton,New Jersey.

s92088854
P.V.P.D.T.Dushmantha

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Arthur V. Dias is a philanthropist, a temperance movement member and an independent activist of Sri Lanka. He was born on 10th February 1886 to a wealthy family in Panadura. His Father is P. Jeremais Dias, a plantation owner and his mother is Selestina Rodrigo, a philanthropist.
His primary education was from St. John's College Panadura. He got his secondary education from St. Thomas' College, Mt. Lavinia. He took over the plantation after his father's death after completing his education.
Dias was a leading member of the temperance movement, which became the foundation for the independence movement of the country. He contributed greatly for the education system. He was in the first board of  governors of Vishaka Vidyalaya and helped Ananda College financially. A jackfruit propogation campaign was established by him on 11th June 1918, which earned him the name "Kos Mama" or "Kos Ata Mama".
He had declined a knighthood offered by the governor Andrew Caldecott and a seat at the senate in 1957 offered by S. W. R. D. Bandaranayake. Arthur V. Dias passed away on 13th July 1960.

D. L. L. Dikkumbura
S92088955

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I wanted to write about Olivier cause I recently added him in my role models list.