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Maternity Leave-

Pregnant women are obligated to take two week Maternity leave before or after the delivery and during this leave they can decide whether they want to take part in the paid parental insurance benefit during this time.

If the job is too rough or hard on the baby and they can't find other work, they can "take indefinite leave paid at 77.6 per cent of earnings"(Duvander & Löfgren). Also if the woman is working to hard and it's too hard to perform she can take, "up to 50 days of leave during the last 60 days of pregnancy, paid at 77.6 per cent of income" (Duvander & Löfgren)

Paternity Leave-

Men get 10 days paid leave which is created for them to be at delivery and care for the other children or help the mom while the mother is in the hospital or when she comes home from the hospital.

Parental Leave-

Each parent is entitled to take full-time leave from work until their child is 18 months old, regardless of whether they are using paid benefits. In addition to this, a parent always has right to leave from work when using parental benefit, to reduce work hours and when the child is sick

Leave and pay is increased in the event of multiple births, for example if you have twins.

Co-habiting adoptive parents get five days each at the time of adoption. A single adoptive parent gets ten days. Benefits are conditional on the child being under ten years of age at their adoption

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Sweden:

In Sweden the lower-level local governments that work on local services such as schooling. These governments provide children in Sweden between the ages of 1-5 years old access to preschool. It also says that they need to allow access to children whose parents are unemployed.

Since Sweden has a fall break in October, they also are required to open preschool for 525 free hours in the year the child is 3 years old.

Sweden also has night preschool available for parents who work at night.

The cost of childcare in Sweden is set by law, the highest rate is for the 1st child and the rate is smaller for the 2nd and 3rd child. Child number four is free of charge. The fee is also limited by the maximum rate compared to the gross income of the family

Comparison:

When looking at the Childcare Costs chart on the OECD data page, Sweden's percentage was around 5% whereas the United States was at 23%

This shows us that Sweden has a very impressive childcare system that cares for the family and recognizes that every family should have a chance at childcare no matter their employment or how much money they have.

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What was said in the video:
United States:

The bottom 50% owned 2% of the wealth, the middle 40% owned 22% of the wealth, and top 10% owned 76% of the wealth.

Sweden:

In 2012, the average income of the top 10% of income earners was 6.3 times higher than that of the bottom 10%

Comparison: With that being said when you compare the two countries, the United States top 10% income was 10 times higher than the bottom 50% income earners. Meanwhile Sweden's top 10% was only earning 6 times higher than the bottom 10%.

This shows us that the United States lower income earners were 50% while the top 10% was making over half of the wealth which is not good and shows that Swedens wealth distribution is almost 2 times better and more equal.

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Wealth Distribution in the U.S.: How Much Do the Top 10% Own?

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Sweden:

ICPD PoA Article 7.3: "Reproductive rights embrace certain human rights that are already recognized in national laws, international human rights documents and other consensus documents. These rights rest on the recognition of the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health. It also includes their right to make decisions concerning reproduction free of discrimination, coercion and violence, as expressed in human rights documents"

Abortion Rights:

A women can get an abortion up to 18 weeks of pregnancy

Since 2008, women who are not Swedish such as asylum seekers or undocumented are also allowed to an abortion in Sweden

If the women is past 18 months of her pregnancy, she can fill out an application made out to the National Board of Health and Welfare’s legal council to have an abortion. There needs to be a very good reason for the permission to be granted.

Comparison:

"In 2015, 30 states had statutes requiring waiting periods for abortions—which mandate that a physician cannot perform an abortion until a certain number of hours after the patient is notified of her options in dealing with a pregnancy—compared with 26 states in 2004" (Status of Women in the States)

In Texas: The law, known as SB8, gives people the right to sue doctors who perform an abortion past six weeks, before most women know they are pregnant.

Knowing this, Sweden's reproductive and abortion rights are more fair and respect the women's body than some of the states in the United States.

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Sweden:

Looking at the chart in the OECD social institutions chart, Sweden had a 10.5 index

The Gender Wage Gap chart located at the OECD data page, Sweden had a 7.4%

"In 2011, Swedish women earned 14% less than men – a pay gap just below the OECD average (15%) and higher than in many countries with comparable female employment rates. The pay gap is even larger (21%) among parents"

United States:

When looking at the chart in the OECD social institutions, the United States had an index of 17.9 meaning the U.S has a high rate of discriminating against women. This can show us the gender gap in our jobs

Looking directly at the Gender Wage Gap chart United States had a 17.7%

Comparison:

This information shows us that although both countries suffer from gender wage gap, the U.S. still had a higher percentage at 17.7% when Sweden only had a 7.4% wage gap percentage. Sweden clearly pays more attention to the social inequalities when it comes to women in the work force.

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6. Infant Mortality Rates and Birth Outcomes

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6. Infant Mortality Rates and Birth Outcomes

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Sweden:

Sweden's Mortality rate was 2 deaths per thousand births

"Since 2014, Sweden's Number of Infant Deaths fell by 1.2% year on year. At 143 Thousand Deaths in 2019, the country was ranked number 426 among other countries in Number of Infant Deaths" (NationMaster)

United States:

United States mortality rate was 6 deaths per thousand births

"Since 2014, United States Number of Infant Deaths fell by 1.5% year on year. With 21,458 Thousand Deaths in 2019, the country was number 76 comparing other countries in Number of Infant Deaths" (NationMaster)

Comparison: Sweden's infant mortality rate is 3 times lower than United States. This might be due to inequality in the United States. Many black woman especially aren't given the attention they need and racism within the states cause stress and very serious health conditions.

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Childcare and Preschool Access: When taking Parental or Family leave and the father chooses not to watch over the other children during the mothers pregnancy, for a very low cost they can send their child to preschool which also allows night preschool.
Wealth Distribution: With access to paid leave, many mothers are being able to live and don't have to chose between their economic growth and their health. In the U.S. many mothers are having to do this which causes an enormous unequal wealth distribution but Sweden gives chances to mothers equally.
Reproductive Rights: Paid family and parental leave is a big component of our reproductive freedom. It allows time for you to heal after childbirth. It also allows time off for abortions or miscarriages.
Gender Wage Gap: Although there is a gap, the gap is small compared to many other countries and can show us the importance of equality in Sweden. In the family and parental leave, it allows access to both parents.
Infant and Mortality Rates: Parental and Family Leave in Sweden allows for you to take time off if your work is too stressful on you or the baby. Stress on yourself can cause high infant mortality rates. The leave also allows you time off for the loss of a baby in order to grieve without having to go to work.

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In the video, Your Rights Under the Federal Family and Medical Leave, we learned that there is law that your job has to allow you up to 12 weeks off from work if you need maternity, parental, illness, etc leave. Although in the United States you do not get paid and have to fall under the qualifications. According to the article, "Paid Family Leave in the United States", "Two-thirds of first-time mothers worked during their pregnancy in 2002–08, compared with 44 percent in the early 1960s (Laughlin 2011).Even so, the United States is one of two countries that do not have a national paid leave policy to allow mothers to spend time caring for their newborn and regain their health after childbirth.
Many working mothers have to chose between their economic growth vs their health which creates huge disparities and goes against our reproductive rights.
The U.S. should take advice from Sweden who has one of the best Family Leave and Parental Leave Policies. It allows both parents to take time and it is obligated that you get paid while on leave. Leave pay is even increased when you have multiple kids.

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1. Parental Leave:

https://www.leavenetwork.org/fileadmin/user_upload/k_leavenetwork/country_notes/2021/Sweden.final.edited_pm.22july2021.pdf

2. Preschool Access and Childcare

“Sweden.” Familyandjob.eu, familyandjob.eu/childcare-in-europe/sweden/.

https://www.epsu.org/sites/default/files/article/files/Country%20report%20Sweden%20childcare.pdf

3. Wealth Distribution

StLouisFed. “Wealth Distribution in the U.S.: How Much Do the Top 10% Own?” YouTube, YouTube, 6 Apr. 2021, www.youtube.com/watch?v=aONigLMAk3w.

https://www.oecd.org/sweden/OECD-Income-Inequality-Sweden.pdf

4. Reproductive Rights

“Reproductive Rights Full Section.” Women in the States, 8 May 2015, statusofwomendata.org/explore-the-data/reproductive-rights/reproductive-rights-full-section/#Trends in Women’s Reproductive Rights.

https://www.rfsu.se/contentassets/48adfec3a7254bd590c07c79766000a8/en_om_abort.pdf

https://www.government.se/49b74f/contentassets/184b53554f8448a3a8ebde6fe41f3da1/swedens-international-policy-on-sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-rights

5. Gender Wage Gap

“Inequality - Social Institutions and Gender - OECD Data.” TheOECD, data.oecd.org/inequality/social-institutions-and-gender.htm#indicator-chart.

“Earnings and Wages - Gender Wage Gap - OECD Data.” TheOECD, data.oecd.org/earnwage/gender-wage-gap.htm.

6. Infant Mortality Rates

“Infant Mortality Rate in Sweden.” NationMaster.com, NationMaster, www.nationmaster.com/nmx/timeseries/sweden-infant-mortality-rate.

“Top Countries for Global Infant Mortality Rate.” NationMaster.com, NationMaster, www.nationmaster.com/nmx/ranking/infant-mortality-rate.