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An organic compound J reacts with sodium to produce an organic ion with a charge of –3. J reacts with NaOH(aq) to produce an organic ion with a charge of –1. What could be the structural formula of J? A HO2CCH(OH)CH2CO2H B HO2CCH(OH)CH2CHO C HOCH2CH(OH)CH2CO2H D HOCH2COCH2CHO

Ans-

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An organic compound J reacts with sodium to produce an organic ion with a charge of –3. J reacts with NaOH(aq) to produce an organic ion with a charge of –1. What could be the structural formula of J? A HO2CCH(OH)CH2CO2H B HO2CCH(OH)CH2CHO C HOCH2CH(OH)CH2CO2H D HOCH2COCH2CHO

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An organic compound J reacts with sodium to produce an organic ion with a charge of –3. J reacts with NaOH(aq) to produce an organic ion with a charge of –1. What could be the structural formula of J? A HO2CCH(OH)CH2CO2H B HO2CCH(OH)CH2CHO C HOCH2CH(OH)CH2CO2H D HOCH2COCH2CHO

Ans- C

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C 4

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Aluminium chloride catalyses certain reactions by forming carbocations with chloroalkanes as
shown.
RCl + AlCl3 → R+ + AlCl4–
Which property makes this reaction possible?
A AlCl3 exists as the dimer Al2Cl6 in the vapour.
B AlCl3 is a covalent molecule.
C The aluminium atom in AlCl3 has an incomplete octet of electrons.
D The chlorine atom in RCl has a vacant p orbital.

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Which reactions can be used to make an alcohol in the laboratory? 1 hydrolysis of a bromoalkane with NaOH(aq) 2 reduction of a ketone with NaBH4 3 reduction of an aldehyde with NaBH4

Answer D

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Ans- D

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Answer - D

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A

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An alkene has the formula CH3CH=CRCH2CH3 and does not possess cis-trans isomers.
What is R?
A H B Cl C CH3 D C2H5

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Answer - B

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22 Bromine reacts with ethene to form 1,2-dibromoethane. What is the correct description

of the organic intermediate in this reaction?

A It has a negative charge.

B It is a free radical.

C It is a nucleophile.

D It is an electrophile.

Answer - D ( this is due to the bromine being an aceeptor of the electron )

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Ans - B

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Answer for number 4 (a) :

i. C2H5OH → C2H4 + H2O ii. Elimination Reaction

iii. Phosporic Acid

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Answer for Number 4 (c):

i. C6H10

ii. (at the following picture)

iii. Addition

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Answer for Number 4 (c) (ii) :

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5 The molecular formula C4H9OH represents four different alcohols, W, X, Y and Z. W X Y Z CH3CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 (CH3)2CHCH2OH, (CH3)3COH (a) Draw the skeletal formula of Z.
answer +O-H

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Answer for Number 4 (a) : The double bond can break if the temperature is increases and at the same time, the pressure is also increases. both of these factors will cause the double bond will break and make the 2-butene into poly(butene)

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2.30 g of ethanol were mixed with an excess of aqueous acidified potassium dichromate(VI). The reaction mixture was then boiled under reflux for one hour. The desired organic product was then collected by distillation. The yield of product was 60.0 %. What mass of product was collected? A 1.32 g B 1.38 g C 1.80 g D 3.20 g

Answer C

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nucleophilic (1) substitution (1) NH3 (1)
free radical (1) substitution (1) Br2 or Br2 in an organic solvent

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How many isomeric esters have the molecular formula C4H8O2? A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5

Answer C

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colourless purple or pink
colourless colourless or decolourised
CH3CH2Br HOCH2CH2OH

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The depletion of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere reduces the Earth’s natural protection from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Which compound would cause the most depletion of the ozone layer? A CCl 3F B CF4 C CHCl F2 D CH2F2

Answer A

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For Examiner’s Use (c) The operating conditions for this reaction are as follows. pressure 200 atmospheres (2 × 107 Pa) temperature 600 K catalyst oxides of Cr, Cu, and Zn In the spaces below, explain how each of these conditions affects the rate of formation of methanol. pressure ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... temperature ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... catalyst ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [6]
pressure increases rate (1) by increasing frequency of collisions or by increasing concentration of reactants (1) temperature increases rate (1) because more molecules have energy >Ea (1) catalyst increases rate (1) by providing an alternative route of lower Ea (1) [6]

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Propan1ol

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When organic refuse decomposes in water carboxylic acids are formed. The water becomes acidic and aquatic life is destroyed. Which additives are suitable to remove this acid pollution? 1 calcium carbonate 2 calcium hydroxide 3 potassium nitrate

Answer B

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In a car engine, non-metallic element X forms a pollutant oxide Y. Further oxidation of Y to Z occurs in the atmosphere. In this further oxidation, 1 mol of Y reacts with ½ mol of gaseous oxygen. What can X be? 1 carbon 2 nitrogen 3 sulfur

Answer

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Complete combustion of compound X gives carbon dioxide and water only. A sample of X is mixed with aqueous potassium(V) dichromate and boiled under reflux for one hour. The mixture is then distilled and the only organic substance present is collected. The organic substance collected reacts with sodium to give hydrogen, but does not react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent and does not react with ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid to give an ester. What can be deduced from this information? A. X is a carboxylic acid. B . X is a ketone. C. X is an alcohol. D. X is an alkane.

Ans - C

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A compound Y has the following properties. • It is a liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. • It does not mix completely with water. • It does not give steamy fumes with PCl5. What could Y be? A ethane B ethanoic acid C ethanol D ethyl ethanoate

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Pentane, C5H12, is reacted with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet light. A compound R is found in the products. R has molecular formula C5H10Cl 2. Each molecule of R contains one chiral carbon atom. Which two atoms of the pentane chain could be bonded to chlorine atoms in this isomer? A 1 and 3

B 1 and 5

C 2 and 3

D 2 and 4

Ans - A

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Answer - C

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Answer - D

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4. a) Reaction 1 =

Reagent: NaOH/KOH

Solvent: H2O

Reaction 2 =

Regent: NH3 (Ammonia)

Solvent: C2H5OH (Ethanol)

Reaction 3 =

Reagent: NaOH/KOH

Solvent: C2H5OH (Ethanol)

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4. b) With CH3CH2CH2CH2I rate would be faster

C - I bond is weaker than C - Br bond

C - I bond energy is 240 kJ mol-1

C- Br bond energy is 280 kJ mol -1

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Answer - C

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ai) Alkanes

aii) C9H20 + 14O2 -> 9CO2 + 10H20

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ai) Structural Isomer

aii) R = Primary Alcohol and Carboxylic Acid

S = Primary Alcohol and Ester

T = Primary Alcohol and Ester

aiii) carboxylic acid

aiv) alcohol and carboxylic acid

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a) 117˚ to 120˚

b) i) Electrophilic addition

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ai) Alkanes

aii) 2C4H10 + 1302 -> 8C02 + 10H20

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ai) H = CH2=CHCH2CH2OH, CH3CH=CHCH2OH, CH2=CHCH(OH)CH3

J = CH3CH2COCH3

K = CH3CH2CH2CHO

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Ans - A

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Answer for Number 2 (a):

i. cracking is the process of breaking the large hydrocarbons into smaller hydrocarbons. this process carried out because the smaller cabohydrons is more useful than the large one.

ii. cracking process is carried out by using high temperatures

iii. C14H30 → C7H16 + C7H14

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Answer for Number 2 (d):

i. enchanced greenhouse effect is when a gas trap some of the reflected light from the sun in the lower atmosphere and making the earth's temperature rises.

ii. CO

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Answer for 3 (a)