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A web application is a piece of software that runs on a web server, they are not launched by the operating system but by the web browser itself.  They may install files onto a client locally but the process which begins the download can only be accessed through the web browser.
Donor Tools is an application which has been created for non-profit organizations and charity houses to find out donations and fund raising targets. Wufoo is useful in designing web forms in faster and fun ways. With the help of this application, you can create registration forms, invitations, online surveys and contact forms.

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Wiki means a website or database developed collaboratively by a community of users, allowing any user to add and edit content.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
This is the website of Wikipedia, the largest wiki in the world. It has a page for almost everything with information on. Anyone used to be able to change this information to anything they wanted without it being checked, however this has now changed and not just anyone can edit the pages.

http://www.wikihow.com/Main-Page
http://wikigameguides.com/

This two wikis are WikiHow and WikiGameGuides.

The word 'wiki' comes from Hawaiian meaning to hurry, quick, fast.

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A blog is a frequently updated online personal journal or diary. It is a place to express yourself to the world. A place to share your thoughts and your passions

WordPress

you can set a certain audience that you want your blog to go two and you can select a certain theme you want for it as well. you can also create your domain

JayZ   life+times

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Social network is a network which allows user to share information of some sort, it could be a piece of information, video, image and many other information that the user willing to share. social network is a platform for people to communicate and discus topics. social network examples could be Facebook, twitter and Instagram.
Facebook:  https://www.facebook.com/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/login
Each social network have a specific way to share information, each information uses

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Three main areas of focus of web 2.0 -
Tags - Like keywords, what you use to get hold of various sections of the website.

Collaboration - Getting together either on a simple topic, or working as a team solving a problem. Collaboration is a key factor of the internet now.

Syndication - If your message is good, clear and unique, then others may want to spread your word for you. Simple content platforms such as WordPress offer one button press syndication.

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Cloud computing:
Cloud computing is a remote service which allows user to manipulate and process data over the internet, this is more advance due to the convenience of accessing information rather than getting to the PC or the device to transfer information to other devices or for urgent use. Cloud computing is simple and allow access globally, but requires internet connection. there are many examples for instant ICloud and google drive. there are many drawback for for this facility, for example lack of security. Although cloud computing is more convenient and easy to access, but it only works when there is internet connection otherwise it will not work. Also on cloud computing the security service may not be promised, data can be corrupted or stolen if data are not encrypted and the account haven't got a save password.

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The term cloud computing refers to the process of storing & accessing data over the internet instead of your hard drive. The cloud is the internet. A service is provided to store files and programs on the internet itself, the files are stored on allocated servers. A connection to the remote server is required.

Cloud computing allows for flexibility, ideal for expanding businesses cloud computing allows for scaling. If the size of the business increases or decreases further capacity can be drawn from a remote server. Cloud computing also allows people to work from anywhere they want, specific cloud computing services have mobile applications allowing you to work from your phone, so long as you have an internet connection. Cloud computing also helps collaborative working as documents can be accessed from anywhere, this allows for documents to be edited and shared from anywhere and displays updates in real time.

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Web 2.0 and the traditional World Wide Web is greater collaboration among Internet users, content providers and enterprises
applications of web 2.0 are Blogs Wikis Social networking and collaborative efforts
web 2.0 allows the user to

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Tim Berners-Lee invented the web browser

The purpose of the web browser is to provide a platform for a user to connect to a webpage

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An email client is an application that runs on a PC enabling a user to send, receive and organize e-mails. An example of a email client is Mozilla Thunderbird. Like most client programs, an email client is only active when a user runs it. The most common arrangement is for an email user (the client) to make an arrangement with a remote MTA server for the receipt and storage of the client's emails. The MTA, using a suitable MDA , adds email messages to a client's storage as they arrive. Email clients usually contain user interfaces to display and edit text. Some applications permit the use of a program-external editor.When a user wishes to create and send an email, the email client will handle the task. The email client is usually set up automatically to connect to the user's mail server, which is typically either an MSA or an MTA, two variations of the SMTP protocol.  The email client which uses the SMTP protocol creates an authentication extension, which the mail server uses to authenticate the sender.

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Web mail are web-based email accounts. These are usually free email accounts that are operated from a website. Examples include Hotmail, GMail and Yahoo Mail.

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browsers are used to search websites and surf the internet. there are many browsers such as chrome and firefox, these are common browsers which used by many people. the most common would be chrome (google). Browsers can be used to access information hosted on Web servers in private networks.
link for market share about browsers: https://www.w3counter.com/globalstats.php
diagram shown on the internet chrome is the most common browser: https://www.statista.com/chart/1438/browser-market-share-since-2008/

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A proxy server is computer that functions as an intermediary between a web browser (such as Internet Explorer) and the Internet. Proxy servers help improve web performance by storing a copy of frequently used webpages. When a browser requests a webpage stored in the proxy server's collection (its cache), it is provided by the proxy server, which is faster than going to the web. Proxy servers also help improve security by filtering out some web content and malicious software.

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The primary function of a web server is to store, process and deliver web pages to clients. The communication between client and server takes place using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol

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Router is a layer 3 device which transfer packet through device, a router is there to organize where the packets are going with more control. router identify the IP then transfers it to the correct device. Ips are held in the header the routing table is a set of rules, its viewed in table format. it determine where data packets travel over the internet.
integrated server router is a type of router it does the same job as the many routers today, this type of router is more suitable for small/medium network.

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A mail server is an application that receives incoming email from local users and remote senders and forwards outgoing email for delivery. A computer dedicated to running such applications is also called a mail server.

POP stands for Post Office Protocol. It is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local email clients to retrieve email from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection.

IMAP stands for Internet Message Access Protocol. It's an internet standard protocol used by email clients to retrieve email messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection

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Differences between World Wide Web and internet. internet is a massive network which information is connected information and computers together globally. On the other hand World Wide Web is just a web site build on top of the internet. Similarly world wide web is just part of the internet where users can share information across the network.
Time line of internet:The internet is simply created to send data and information across computers and make task more easier.
the world wide web is created during 1980
Web 1.0 is the first stage of world wide web where websites are linked with hyperlinks.
HPT hypertext transfer protocol:

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An ISP supplies the rest of the world with an internet connection. They link web servers with the rest of the internet and determine what type of connection they have. For example, if an ISP provides a max of 1 Mb broadband, that's the fastest connection any user on that ISP can have.

A few of the main ISP's which are providing now across the UK are, Sky, British Telecommunications (BT), Virgin Media, TalkTalk etc.

Sky are charging an estimate of £5 a month (for 12 months), up to 17 Mb and unlimited downloads.

TalkTalk are offering internet free for 12 months in an 18 month contract, £7.50 a month after 12 months. Up to 17 Mb and unlimited downloads.

BT offer £4.50 a month for 12 months, up to 17 Mb and 10GB of downloads.

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Challenge - What other services may ISPs provide?

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Challenge - What other services may ISPs provide?

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Almost all ISPs offer email and web browsing capabilities. They also offer varying degrees of user support, usually in the form of an email address or customer support hotline. Most ISPs also offer web hosting capabilities, allowing users to create and maintain personal web pages; and some may even offer the service of developing the pages for you. Many ISPs offer the option of high-speed access through DSL or cable modems, and some still offer dial-up connections.

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for a website to be available on the internet you have to get permission from company's with a internet hosting service which will then allow your website to be visible on the web

Two different types of hosting:
1. Free Hosting
2. Shared Hosting

the advantages of free hosting is that firstly its a free hosting environment and a advantage of Shared hosting is that they are affordable because the cost is split between the people sharing it

the disadvantages of a Free Hosting is that the connection speed can be slow, the website could crash a lot and there is a lot of advertising that could pop up on your website. and sometimes they are not 100% free they may ask you to pay for the domain name. some disadvantages of shared is that the internet can be slow.

here are some companies that can host your website:
eHost= £3 a month
GoDaddy = £5 a month
HostGator = £2.50 a month
UKFast.co.uk
wordpress

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A domain name i