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take out invalid conditions first in coding to make more efficient.

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Don't ever use = to check equality of strings. use .equals function.

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Don't ever use = to check equality of strings. use .equals function.

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|| checks first one if it's true won't check second whereas | check both regardless of first statement's state.

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You can put byte short int char and string data type in a switch

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All the variables must have initial value before they being used.
int num:
sout won't work

int num= 0;
works

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You can't fit bigger data type to smaller one.

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Dow-casting if opposite of casting

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When you add space with string eventhough string hold a numerical value whole thing becomes a string. " "+lettterA becomes a1

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12.99 is a double and it can not be implicitly stored inside int variable.Because bigger data type can not be fit into smaller data type. We have to explicitly change the data type to make it fit.

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Casting is converting one data type and storing into different data type.
For example 10 is and int and it can be stored in double variable.

This called type widening.

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implicitly mean automatically

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Explicitly changes by user.