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a) - Building Trust and rapport with students is effective when wanting to manage learners.
- Students should be given autonomy
- teaching does not equate to learning.

b) It would be fun to allow my students to create their own powerpoint/video presentation that shows their learning. Sharing their reflections with the entire class will help students to gain new insights and re-consolidate their learning.

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(a) Importance of setting rules and routines at the beginning of time together with students as it helps them to be effective learners in the classroom. I really like the quote by a James Corner which was shared by my classmate too - “No significant learning can occur without a significant relationship.”

(b) Interesting to expose my students to PowerPoint slideshow and getting them to perform a similar task like we were told to do. But perhaps I’d get them to do it as a group first as some students may be shy. So doing as a group in class followed by individual work at home might be more useful and effective.

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(a) Most of the points that my peers shared resonated with me as we all agree that:
- the key to building positive classroom culture is having mutual trust between teacher and students and having a safe classroom environment
- whole-class teaching and small group learning are useful teaching approaches that can be used in our future classrooms

(b) I'd love to explore the functions of Adobe Spark as i have not tried it before. I can use this as a platform to gather students' reflection after teaching a new concept.

The use of Powtoon by my classmates was also very refreshing for me. It will be a good platform to use with my students given the interactive and creative animations.

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(a) Important to build trust and good TSR with students before we can create any form of positive classroom culture and have effective teaching and learning in the classroom

(b) I particularly liked the platform powtoon used by my classmates. I have never heard of this platform before but the use of cartoons to explain the topic is something that I can foresee students enjoying. I can get students to use it as a platform to display the result of their group discussions/ individual reflections

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a) What resonated with me:

- The importance of treating all our students fairly and adopting an anti-biased attitude --> it all starts from the teacher to build positive TSR

- The need to empower our students by giving them suitable roles and responsibilities and teaching them important skills (e.g. social-emotion regulation, conflict management)--> saves a lot of effort and time in the long-term

- Different strategies for small-group teaching and how to use them in the classroom --> provide instructional variety to engage our students

- Importance of asking a wide variety of questions to check for understanding and get our students thinking --> caters to all students (HP, MP, LP learners)

b) I really liked the use of Powtoon and Prezi in the creation of videos and animations and hope to use these resources in the future. Additionally, I thought that filming oneself while walking home or around school is a good idea. Not only does it saves time and resources but it shows one's spontaneity and reveals a relatable side of you to your students.

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(a) - To be an effective teacher, one would need to be observant and listen to their students with their hearts and remember that everyday is a new day and each child should start of in the class on a clean page.
- What determines an effective teacher is the amount and level of teacher talk that scaffolds the students' learning.
- Teaching should be student-centric and not teacher-directed.

(b)We should use a variety of presentation methods to keep our students engaged and excited. I really liked Powtoon and Adobe Sparks. They were platforms that I have heard of but never actually seen them in play. I think the students will be more interested if they are exposed to engaging forms of ICT presentations.

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a) - Teaching does not equate to understanding
- We remember to make our lessons student-centric
- Lesson objectives and expectations must be clearly stated at the start of the lesson to get the students ready. The teacher talk must be age appropriate to scaffold the learning of new concepts of skills

b) Platforms such as Prezzi and Powtoon can be used in class as it presents a different from of presentation the students are used to. I used PowerPoint because it was something I was most familiar with and it is easy to edit the text and insert the audio.
However, I also believe that a teacher should not be over-reliant on ICT and base an entire lesson on it. Often in my contract teaching, simple ICT like the visualiser fails on me and it was an essential tool for me to carry out my lesson. Hence, teachers should also have a backup and be adaptable should their ICT fail.

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a) Put students at the centre and consider student profiles and needs when we plan our lessons & when deciding on teaching approaches or small group learning approaches. Always assign meaningful tasks, and help students change their perspective of homework to be more positive.

b) We could make use of the different platforms such as Powtoon, KineMaster, Adobe Sparks to engage students in our lessons. We could also assign students meaningful tasks that enable them to use these platforms to showcase their creativity.

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a) What resonated with me
- It was interesting how some shared regarding their initial thoughts of discipline and how now with learning about positive discipline, their idea and approach towards disciplining their students would be different.
- The importance of feedback also resonated with me as we have to ensure that when we are providing feedback, it is to the benefit of our students and not an avenue for us to put them down. Feedback has to be given in a timely and constructive manner to allow students to really develop and grow better.
- Likewise, I found it assuring to know that many of my friends shared similar thoughts regarding the importance of always making our lessons student centric, as this is really the focus of ensuring that we become effective teachers and do not burn out in the long run.

b) I really liked the use of Powtoon by Gina as it was similar to some of the YouTube videos that I am used to watching and always found it fascinating how it works! Now I know of this and how readily accessible and available it is!

Francine was also really creative with the use of capturing her own handwriting as she described her reflections! I found that to be good as she was tapping on her strengths while doing so :)

I do believe that teachers should definitely use ICT to their benefit and at their own comfort levels and this includes ensuring that we do not spend too much time developing ICT tools at the expense of the content delivered. While students do engage more with ICT use during class, I would also like to allow my students to understand what it feels like to be engaged during lesson by the way the teacher delivers his/her lesson. Ultimately, there should not be an over-reliance on ICT and teachers should work towards their strengths and skills.

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a) It was interesting to hear about how many of my peers shared the same insights that we have gathered from the past PP sessions. Many of us reflected on what it means to be an effective teacher and topics such as getting to know our students personally and establishing positive classroom culture. I also really like the quote shared by Danielle which says that ‘no significant learning can occur without a significant relationship’.

b) I thoroughly enjoyed watching the videos made by my classmates. It gave me many ideas of how I can make use of ICT to still be an effective teacher and be able to get the lesson across even when students may not be able to physically be present at school (e.g. if everyone has to be kept at home for whatever reasons). It is important that we can harness the power of technology even during everyday lessons to make things more interesting and engaging for students. At the same time, I would also like to teach my students simple video making or presentation skills even at their primary school level. It can be part of a collaborative small group activity where at the end of the lesson each group will get to present their own video or ppt presentation.

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a) I can agree with many of my peers on how making a positive classroom culture with a good TSR is important. If there is a solid TSR, everything will fall into place, empowering our students and building trust with them. I really enjoyed all the videos and realised how creative everyone is in their own way. This is a good reminder for me that my students are also all different with various creative ways they can actually think. I have to appreciate the differences and uniqueness of every student.

My peers also mentioned about making students learning independently, thus empowering them, by various means such as jigsaw and learning centres.

I agree with my peers on how we should make it an effort to actually give homework that is meaningful and for us to actually gauge how well they are doing and understanding. This way, we can also take a look at how we can change our approach to teaching if most of the class does not understand a certain concept or get them mixed up.

- b) I think using Powtoon in class would be very enjoyable for the children as it attracts their attention because of the animations! It would be fun for them to try and use it too after learning about a certain concept.

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a) many of my peers mentioned about creating and maintaining a positive classroom culture, and that is something that resonated with me. This is an important first step for the students to trust a teacher, and without it, learning is difficult to take place.

b) There are many softwares available to capture attention of our young learners, such as Powtoon, Adobe Spark, or even simple PowerPoint slides but with impactful animation and voice-over to make the video engaging. This can help create e-learning contents for a teacher to put into SLS, and thereafter discussions can take place based on the topic presented.

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1) Most of my classmates are in agreement that a solid TSR is the basic, most important foundation in establishing a positive classroom culture. Every educator must ensure that every child's positive learning needs are fulfilled ,even more so with the numerous student profiles that are present in this generation.

2) I look forward to using new platforms that I have learnt here such a Powtoon and Adobe Sparks as I am always on the lookout for more fun and interesting methods to deliver my lessons and making it memorable positively for the students.

3) I especially like the idea how this module actually puts together what we have learnt in the other modules, it functions as a glue that makes the entire concept of an educator coherent and understandable.

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a) It is essential for teachers to believe in our students' abilities, as our beliefs will shape the way we choose to teach. It is important that we do not limit our students' abilities, but instead inspire them to achieve greater things :-)  Another takeaway I got from the reflection videos is that there are various approaches to whole-class teaching, and each serves a different purpose.

b) I really enjoyed the videos created using PPT as the transitions were very smooth. Gena's video reflection was very engaging too.

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a) The 4 teaching processes in the STP are inter-linked, without a positive classroom culture built on trust, we will not be able to engage our students in different lesson delivery modes - "No significant learning can occur without a sig rship". Furthermore, "if you fail to plan, you plan to fail", with the multiple teaching actions under lesson enactment, we are able to plan interesting lessons that can help our students achieve the day's lesson objectives. We can choose a variety of methods for teaching: whole class or small group teaching; and for assessment/feedback.

b) There a number of ICT tools that my classmates have used: Powtoon, Animaker, some of them recorded their voice and put in subtitles to increase understanding by the "learners". In future, I can use such methods for e-learning, and upload via SLS. Amazed by Denise and Abigail :)

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(a)
-there is a need to establish classroom rules and routines in order to minimise the risks of classroom management issues. Subsequently, involving them in building these rules and routines can empower them and making them feel valued, creating an overall positive classroom culture.
-positive affirmation is crucial to build students’ confidence, even if the response that they give may sometimes be wrong. Alongside giving our students constructive feedback, this will encourage them to speak up more. However, consequences should still be established.
-knowing the student profiles will allow us to differentiate our teaching and instructions to better cater to their learning needs.
-aside from common ICT tools such as mentimeter and we can also try other tools such as Webquest, or even utilise commonly accessible tools such as fast kits and mini whiteboards so that we can assess the understanding of our students.

(b)
When instructions were first given for the reflections, the immediate idea that I had was to do a PowerPoint slide with voice recordings embedded within. However, after viewing the reflections of fellow classmates, I am now more excited to try out tools such as Adobe spark, powtoon and kinemaster, as they are able to generate interesting animations or fun video recordings that can definitely engage our students. These tools can be translated to teaching various subjects in class, especially when it comes to difficult or ‘dry’ topics that students may find boring.

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a) What resonated with me is that many of us believe that fostering a strong and positive relationship with our students is vital in the teaching and learning process

b) I thought the use of ICT such as Powtoon make videos very engaging, and it would be good to explore these options and possible incorporate them in my future lessons too

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a) Teacher should adopt a growth mindset and lead students towards it.
Starting the day with posivity (like sharing AHA moments) to set a positive mood to the class.

When making rules and consequences, should get students'input so that they have a sense of ownership over them and more willing and responsible to face the consequences

When preparing and enacting lessons, should consider and explore other approaches such as concept attainment, rather than the typical frontal teaching (direct instruction and presentation approach).

Teachers should give timely, specific and constructive feedback to students so that students understand and can work on it promptly. Teacher should also ask meaningful questions (mix of yes/no, short and open-ended answers) to scaffold students' learning and check their understanding.

b) Use of sufficient and interesting animation (pictures/words in motion) to engage learners.
Add in visual cues (eg. key words) from time to time when recording self.
Having subtitles may help for students who prefers reading.
Having the presenter's voice helps to personalise the message!

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a) Listening to all of my classmates' reflections was very heartening. It seems that we have taken away quite a bit from the sessions on establishing a positive classroom culture, and it is encouraging to know that we are all working towards the same goal.

b) The use of PPT, Pretzi and Adobe & Powtoon were all equally inspiring as we've learnt in other modules the importance of connecting learning with the use of ICT. However, I also really enjoyed Gena's sharing on what she has learnt throughout the PP sessions. Her positivity and passion in teaching is really inspiring!

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a)  Most of us reflected on how important TSR is through our PP learning. Positive affirmation and discipline, as well as establishing rules and routines are vital in classrooms. The importance of feedback also stood out as we learn the need for feedback and assessment for us to assess students' learning and for students to learn from their mistakes.
b) i really enjoyed some of the videos. Especially Gena Wong's video. There is so much enthusiasm in her beliefs towards teaching. I have also learned of a few more websites to create videos for my future lessons.

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1) when we plan classes for our students we should consider our learners profiles and vary our teaching methods based on their learning needs. While I was watching the videos from my fellow classmates, it was very assuring to see that many of us had the same thoughts and takeaways.
2) personally, I really enjoyed Gena’s video as it was very reflective and it was also a very fun and refreshing way to express her thoughts and takeaways. But everyone was Creative in their own ways and it serves as a reminder that our students as well, will have different thought and Creative processes. Therefore, in terms of assignments like worksheets or projects, we should be flexible and open to different Creative approaches instead of being so procedural. this I would make learning more fun and relatable as well.

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1)  Gena Wong's Video was awesome. (Very effortful,creative and inspiring)
2) Everyone put in a lot of effort in the video :)

3) Sorry mine was long and draggy :)

Reflection
1) Everyone mentioned TSR:
TSR is important in connecting with students, without it really learning will not be as effective.

2) Personal Philosophy:
Some of the reflections here have their own personal Philosophy, which is really good :)

3) Positive classroom:
Seems to be everyone's hot topic as well.

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a) Building positive relationships based on trust and respect is extremely important and as teachers, we should be authentic and bring positivity to the classroom and students. We also need to take the initiative to build good rapport with students instead of just enforcing discipline - we are the starting point and we need to model the desired behaviors. We do not learn from experiences, we learn from reflecting on our experiences

b) everyone used a wide variety of ICT tools which i think we can really use in our future teaching opportunities to engage our students. it also helps students to review concepts learnt and allows them to do so at their own pace.

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a) Everyone agreed that positive classroom culture is the base for teaching. Without it, we are unable to teach effectively. Everyone also agreed that we have to be positive! Being positive means to build teacher-student relationship (TSR) and hence, it will be more efficient in convincing students to behave in a certain manner. Hence, resulting in less classroom management problems.

b) In terms of ICT format, I think everyone used a wide variety of formats ranging from Powerpoint Slides, Kinemaster, Powtoon etc. This goes to show that we do not always have to rely on Powerpoint Slides for creation of our teaching materials. Exploring different methods will allow us to engage our students and become more interested learners. Different platforms also have different functions so, it will be good to explore them before we become full-time teachers so we can make the best use of these platforms in the future.

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1) I like Gena's video especially because I can feel her passion through the video. I also like her part on lesson enactment both pre and post.

2) May I highlight that my own video was not uploaded?

3) The videos show me that I can quickly come up with a video that can help my students.

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a) I learnt something I must have missed in class from Gena’s video. A (audience - student profiles), B (behaviours - that are observable to help us assess learning outcomes), C (conditions - tools and environment required for lesson), D (degree - standard we set to measure acceptable performance).

Also, Gina’s presn used the word of “spoon-feeding” which made me reflect that actually what she says might be right, for direct teaching/presn approaches we may do some instances of this, and I realize it may not always be bad.

B) Gena’s personal take on reflection inspired me. I also got to know different modes of presenting info that I can use in my classroom subsequently - Powtoon, Kinemaster, pitting audio, slidego

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a) We need to vary our teaching by considering our learner's needs. When doing our lesson plans, we must take note of ABCD and use the tools in our toolbox provided by STP.

b) I enjoyed the various videos made by my classmates using platforms such as kinemaster and powtoon. These ICT tools remind me that I can vary from using powerpoint slides when teaching. The videos by Gina and Gena are also very engaging with voice overs, music and visual cues.