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Dorothea Dix was born in Hamden, Maine, on April, 1802. She was a teacher who lived in Boston and started out by campaigning for improved conditions for the mentally ill. In the early 1840s she was traveling around the United States, visiting places such as prisons, hospitals, and poor houses. There she discovered the terrible conditions that the mentally ill had to go through in prisons. Dorothy Dix was shocked to find out what they had to go through, so she started to try and fix it.

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For the first two years she would visit prisons and take notes on the abuses of mentally ill inmates and what it was like. She then presented this to the Massachusetts legislature hoping that she could get funding to help the prisons. After that she devoted the rest of her life to traveling the United States and trying to make a change in prisons and also got involved in many other reforms. Her efforts led to the removal of mentally ill patients from prisons and gave them a better life.

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After the Civil War, Dorothea traveled all over the United States and Europe. She continued her movement and influenced most European countries to change and reform their prisons, hospitals, and mental asylums. Many mental hospitals, old and new, were built to her ideals, and honored her for what she did. In 1887 she died at the age of 85 in a hospital made in her honor.

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Before the reform movement by Dorothy Dix, prisoners were treated terribly. Prisoners were given little clothing, warmth, and food. They were locked up in crowded cages and walked around in chains. This included children, who committed a small crime, but were tried as adults.

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Asylums were institutions in which the mentally ill were held. Due to little knowledge about mental issues the patients were suffering, they often received cruel and ineffective means of help. Some of these were ice baths, electric shock, and beatings. The conditions of these mental institutes were very similar to that of early prisons, and they were cold in the winter, hot in the summer, dirty, unsafe, and sometimes the patients would be left out naked to starve.

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What shocked Dorothea the most was the treatment of people who were called insane. They were thrown in dirty and crowded cells, and had no help. This obviously did not help them and even made their conditions worse. They also got whipped if they misbehaved.

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The first prison built in the United States was built in Philadelphia in 1790. Conditions were not always like how they were during the 19th century. In prison the inmates would do labor which was believed to aid in their rehabilitation. The prisoners were offered health care, education, and the opportunity for religious worship. Due to many riots and escape attempts a new type of prison system was created. This prison system was called the Auburn system. This is where prisoners began to be treated harshly. They worked in silence, could not make eye contact with each other, could not talk, and could not make basic human contact. As other prisons noticed how well behaved the inmates were they started to copy them. This lead to the harsh conditions that most prisons had that created the prison reform movement.

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Problems with Private Prions Now (Current Event)

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Problems with Private Prions Now (Current Event)

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Inmates who have to live in private prisons have it way worse than public prisons. Private prisons are where the less violent offenders go since they require less security. Public prisons are where people who committed worse crimes such as murder are put. This is extremely unfair since people who did things that were not that bad compared to other people are placed into a cheap private prison. These prisons do not have to accept people that they don’t want because it makes them more money. So these people who committed less of an offense have to endure prisons that contain horrible conditions such as cheap toilet paper, while people who committed crimes like murder get to go into nicer prisons where they are treated better. Public prisons are owned by the government. This makes them a non profit prison while private prisons try to make money. This results in cheaper supplies and worse of an environment since people don’t want to spend more than they have to. This has led to the fight of banishing private prisons due to the unfairness it has.

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Accomplishments of the Prison Reform Movement

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Accomplishments of the Prison Reform Movement

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After Dix went to the legislature of Massachusetts with her findings of whipped, beaten, and starved men in these prisons, conditions started improving. Funds were set aside for the production of a new state mental hospital in Worcester for the mentally ill to be housed and receive real help. This led to new, better prisons and mental hospitals being set up all throughout the country, and she even spread her work into other countries like Europe and further beyond.

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In the nineteenth century, prisons were much worse than they are now. When prisons became more widely used, they were often old, broken down residences fitted with new jail cells. These prisons were dirty, and open sewers often ran through the building, along with this many of the prisons rarely had fresh provisions or clean water. This led to poor hygiene, and a disease called goal fever, along with smallpox and others. This meant that if the prisoner wasn’t sentenced to death, he would probably die of disease or infection first.

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Fight for the Banishment of Prisons(Current Event)

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Fight for the Banishment of Prisons(Current Event)

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People are now fighting for the ban of private prisons due to the unfairness it has. States feel that these private prisons need to be abolished since all they want is money, and these prisons don’t care about their inmates rights and conditions. In fact people like Joe Biden and Elizabeth Warren support the ban of these prisons. States such as Nevada, New York, and Iowa banned private prisons. Washington is currently debating the ban of these prisons. People are fighting for the ban and are sharing their own experiences which include abuses that the prison made them go through.

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https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/news-wires-whiteB-papers-and-books/prison-reform-movement

http://reformmovements1800s.weebly.com/prison-and-asylum-reform.html

https://www.history.org/foundation/journal/summer11/prison.cfm

https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/12/1/20989336/private-prisons-states-bans-califonia-nevada-colorado

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin%2F568790627909901653%2F&psig=AOvVaw0LV7qOVyk9eMG9B8PXk2r7&ust=1583846424284000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAMQjB1qFwoTCKCyvu69jegCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAK