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Настя Копытова.

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Настя Копытова.

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Nowadays, there is a great number of extreme sports. Some of them, like snowboarding and mountain bike, are included into the list of the Olympic Games disciplines. Let’s learn about the most dangerous kinds of extreme sports.Vulcanoboarding is a very extraordinary extreme sport. It is similar to snowboarding with one difference: there is hardened lava instead of snow under your legs. Sportsmen feel the warmth from the surface of the slope. A special thrill is given by the awareness that it is an active volcano, ready to erupt every second. Volcanoboarding is a really exotic sport for lovers of bright emotions.

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Mountaineering is a sport and active recreation, the goal of which is to climb the mountain peaks. The sporting nature of mountaineering is to overcome the natural obstacles created by nature on the way to the summit. In sports competitions in alpinism, the object of the competition is the height of the peak, the technical complexity of the traversed route, its nature and extent. Since 2012, in the CIS countries, the world championship in sport mountaineering has started. It is attended by climbers from Russia, from Ukraine, from Belarus, Kazakhstan, Bulgaria, Spain and other countries.

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Rafting through the mountain rivers through the stone rapids and waterfalls will leave an indelible impression for the rest of your life. Extremals during the rafting, risk being thrown out of the raft, then abruptly go underwater or hit the rocks with all the swing. This all can turn into a water trap, broken bones, broken joints, bruises, scratches and concussions. The main problem of rafting on mountain rivers, is that waterfalls or rapids are practically invisible, they have to be overcome immediately without preparation, without seeing the altitude with which you will have to fly and the size of boulders. To participate in rafting rafting, the participant must evaluate the difficulty of the route. It, in particular, depends on obstacles that need to be overcome. Obstacles will be stones in the riverbed, rapids (areas with a difference in water level), as well as other irregularities in the water flow (shafts, plums, barrels). It should be noted that the big difficulties are caused by barrels - areas with the reverse flow that occurs in the place where the water masses fall from the drain. It can hinder the movement of the court and carry it back to the stream of water where you can turn over. There is a world classification of the complexity of obstacles in water bodies. There are 6 categories of complexity. Consequently, the higher the number of complexity, the more dangerous and riskier the route.

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Mountaineering - activities for fans of conquering peaks. Mountain romance, coupled with the risk of falling under an avalanche or falling down, attracts enthusiastic natures, striving for personal freedom and self-overcoming. This is one of the most dangerous and severe kinds of extreme sports, requiring high physical and moral investment. If desired, a one-day ascent can turn into a long trip with the installation of tents on a mountain slope. From mountaineering, this type of extreme sport, such as rock climbing, also follows. Its main difference is that the athlete overcomes natural or artificial sheer rocks, moving almost perpendicular to the ground.

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Mountaineering - activities for fans of conquering peaks. Mountain romance, coupled with the risk of falling under an avalanche or falling down, attracts enthusiastic natures, striving for personal freedom and self-overcoming. This is one of the most dangerous and severe kinds of extreme sports, requiring high physical and moral investment. If desired, a one-day ascent can turn into a long trip with the installation of tents on a mountain slope. From mountaineering, this type of extreme sport, such as rock climbing, also follows. Its main difference is that the athlete overcomes natural or artificial sheer rocks, moving almost perpendicular to the ground.

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Tabakar Nastya

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Equestrian sport is present at all the summer Olympic games since 1900. To participate, the horse must undergo an expensive training. In the forms of equestrian sports are: dressage, jumping, triathlon, vaulting. Equestrian sport is important not only for the person, but also for the horse. For example, a horse named Krepysh, a multiple record holder in the competitions of Russia and Europe, for his career started 77 times and 55 times was the first. Equestrian sport also helps not only to achieve success and respect, but also to recover from a disease such as, for example, scoliosis, depression, diabetes.

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Snowboarding is a winter Olympic sport, consisting of a descent from snow-covered slopes and mountains on a special board - snowboard. Originally a winter kind of sport, although some extreme sportsmen mastered it even in the summer on a sandy slopes.
The founder of modern snowboarding is the American Sherman Poppen. A surfer with experience, Poppen came up with a new entertainment: he connected two mountain skis together and attached a rope to the front, allowing him to control the projectile. His invention, he called "sernf".
In the program of the Winter Olympic Games, snowboarding has been included since 1998. The program of the Winter Olympic Games includes two types of competitions for men and women: slalom-giant and competition in a half-trumpet.
In addition to the Olympic Games, snowboarding competitions are held in five disciplines for men and women: slalom-giant, parallel slalom-giant, combinations - slalom and parallel slalom, slalom in a half-pipe.

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SKYSURFING Skysurfing is a type of parachute jumping in which skydiving carries a board attached to it or its legs and performs aerobatics in style during a free fall. When Skysurfing is removed, another parachute jump falls next to them, as a result, the impression is that Skysurfing is traveling through the air in the same way as a surfer rides on the wave.

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SKYSURFING Skysurfing is a type of parachute jumping in which skydiving carries a board attached to it or its legs and performs aerobatics in style during a free fall. When Skysurfing is removed, another parachute jump falls next to them, as a result, the impression is that Skysurfing is traveling through the air in the same way as a surfer rides on the wave.

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Skysurfing was invented by two French paratroopers, Dominique Jacquet and Jean-Pascal Oron in 1986, but became popular and gained recognition in the 1990s thanks to the efforts of the first few participants to master more sophisticated aerobatics such as late Patrick de Gaillardon and the late Jerry Loftis. The growth of skysurfing coincided with other disciplines of new age in parachute jumping, such as freestyle and freeflying. Parachute jumping in the style of freestyle is a ballet, mostly individual style, which aims to expand the sport beyond the traditional flat position of the abdomen on the ground used by most paratroopers who form connections with their bodies.The first Skysurf World Championship was held in Efes, Turkey on 13–21 September 1997 by the International Parachuting Committee.[5]

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BUNGEE JUMPING                               Bungee jumping, an extreme sport, jumping from special high-altitude structures, as well as bridges and other objects with an elastic rope that attaches to the legs and other parts of the body of the jumper. The actions are carried out on rocks, bridges and other hills. This trend began to develop in the 80's, when the British began to use ordinary jute and jump, to get a bright sensation.The feeling of flight did not leave anyone indifferent, as a result of which the direction became more popular. In Russia, the more common designation of bungee jumping - "tarzanka".Like any extreme sport, bungee jumping requires a lot of courage from a person, but (and this is its difference from other extreme disciplines) does not require special training. Experienced athletes make the leap as much as possible, adding various tricks and using structures that are not suitable for such occupations.

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BUNGEE JUMPING                               Bungee jumping, an extreme sport, jumping from special high-altitude structures, as well as bridges and other objects with an elastic rope that attaches to the legs and other parts of the body of the jumper. The actions are carried out on rocks, bridges and other hills. This trend began to develop in the 80's, when the British began to use ordinary jute and jump, to get a bright sensation.The feeling of flight did not leave anyone indifferent, as a result of which the direction became more popular. In Russia, the more common designation of bungee jumping - "tarzanka".Like any extreme sport, bungee jumping requires a lot of courage from a person, but (and this is its difference from other extreme disciplines) does not require special training. Experienced athletes make the leap as much as possible, adding various tricks and using structures that are not suitable for such occupations.

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This extreme sport for nearly fifty years and his entire history is consistent with his spirit. Skateboarding has had its UPS and downs, but still remained the main, perhaps the calling card of extreme sports. Despite all the transformations in society and the sport - social, economic and technical, skateboarding is also a young passion for the young people. Let the main stars are well over 40, but 85% of the athletes haven't even reached 18. We know that skateboarding was born in California. There he allegedly came up with the local surfers in one of his off-seasons, when the boredom on the crests of the waves became especially unbearable. One can hardly blame skaters or surfers dislike for Chronicles, so that the first pages of history are full of gaps. Accurately recorded only the date of the first Board with wheels in the official retail - it happened in 1959. This novelty immediately relished American teenagers who are using skateboards have replaced myself bored and school buses. The first professional skater appeared on the market in 1963. Sensation then followed, but the mini-boom of the reaction can be called. Manufacturers of boards, began immediately to organize their own teams and organize competitions. The most important of them was even broadcast on television. Easy to ride hands and jump curbs so captivated many that there is even a specialized magazine about this sport. Only the company Makaha in three years has sold over 50 million skateboards. But after wave inevitably followed by a significant decline. From the shadow of skateboarding came only in the mid-70s, when producers made some technical improvements and opened the first skateparks. Year after year, then mastered the new clearing, was even abandoned due to the economic crisis pools. Thanks to the new models of skateboards, it became easier to make and some tricks. And then there was a key moment in the history of skateboarding - the invention of the Ollie. This basic trick in which a jump can be performed without hands, first performed in 1979 by Alan "Ollie" Gelfand. Then the jump was adapted to a flat surface by Rodney Mullen, who invented to bend the ends of the deck. Rodney is a living legend of skateboarding who invented a lot of tricks, particularly kickflip, which became the ancestor of all other flips. During this jump Board is rotated 360 degrees. It Malls and took skaters with the civilian radii to the street, giving them much more freedom. In the late 80s, hosted another revival of skateboarding, because it showed the interest of the largest clothing manufacturers. In addition, the sport has significantly diversified with Mullen and his followers, which brought about numerous flips and Ollie. Today skateboarding is a real street sport, who immortalized TV shows, games and movies. This sport gave rise to a new youth trend, musical style, even the calendar had its own festival. And to consider her a dangerous extreme is still not worth it, experienced skateboarders unanimously believe that with sufficient experience and confidence risk in working with a Board no more than football or basketball. This sport is popular in Russia.

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Parkour is a training discipline using movement that developed from military obstacle course training. Practitioners aim to get from one point to another in a complex environment, without assistive equipment and in the fastest and most efficient way possible. Parkour includes running, climbing, swinging, vaulting, jumping, rolling, quadrupedal movement, and other movements as deemed most suitable for the situation.
Parkour's development from military training gives it some aspects of a non-combative martial art.Parkour is an activity that can be practised alone or with others and is usually carried out in urban spaces, though can be done anywhere.The word parkour derives from parcours du combattant, the classic obstacle course method of military training proposed by Georges Hébert. Raymond Belle used the term "le parcours" to encompass all of his training including climbing, jumping, running, balancing, and the other methods he undertook in his personal athletic advancement. His son, David, further developed his father's methods and achieved success as a stuntman, and one day on a film set showed his 'Speed Air Man' video to Hubert Koundé. Koundé suggested he change the "c" of "parcours" to a "k" because it was stronger and more dynamic, and to remove the silent "s" for the same reason, forming "parkour".A practitioner of parkour is called a traceur, with the feminine form being traceuse.[7] They are nouns derived from the French verb tracer, which normally means "to trace", as in "tracing a path", in reference to drawing. The verb tracer used familiarly means: "to buck up". The term traceur was originally the name of a parkour group headed by David Belle which included Sébastien Foucan and Stéphane Vigroux.A jam refers to a meeting of traceurs, involving training lasting anywhere from hours to several days, often with people from different cities. The first parkour jam was organised in July 2002 by Romain Drouet, with a dozen people including Sébastien Foucan and Stéphane Vigroux.

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Jumping into the water is one of the water sports. At competitions jumps from a springboard (1 and 3 meters) and towers (5, 7.5 and 10 meters) are carried out. During the jump athletes perform a number of acrobatic actions (revolutions, screws, rotation). The judges evaluate both the quality of performance of acrobatic elements in the flight phase, and the purity of the entrance to the water. Synchronous jumping competitions also assess synchronization of the execution of elements by two participants.

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Mountain climbing is one of the extreme sports. This sport is practiced by people who love mountains. Climbers use ropes to conquer mountain peaks. The birthday of mountaineering is considered August 8, 1786.
French doctor and his friend conquered a white mountain in the Alps. In this sport is important support and mutual assistance.

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Flyboarding is a great sport for people who have always dreamed of learning how to fly. However, within the framework of this lesson, it is necessary to do this not over a solid surface, but over water. A water flyboard was invented by a champion in aquabike, Frenchman Frank Zapata, in 2005.

Athletes, flyboarders should have a special water supercharger, a hose for water supply, as well as water jet shoes. Two hand regulators regulate the power of the water jet and control the flight.

As a result, the flyboarder can rise above the water to a height of ten to fifteen meters and soar there, performing incredible tricks: somersaults, rotations around its axis, turns, hovering in the air, spectacular exits and dives. Particularly looks like a trick called "dolphin" - when the flyboarder, moving along the surface of the water, dives into the water and emerges like dolphin movements. There are also shows, during which well-trained athletes demonstrate their amazing skills to impressed viewers.

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Rock climbing is a sport, which consists in climbing on natural or artificial terrain. Rock climbing as a way to overcome the Rocky terrain by a person in the process of mastering in mountainous areas of the 19th century in at least three geographical locations :Elbe Sandstone mountainous in Saxony near Dresden, Lake District in England and the the Dolomites in Italy. In the process of developing rock climbing, many different grading systems and their complexity were created. In the summer of 1947, Ivan Losifovich Antonovich, the head of the training camp of the world's first official climbing competitions with the program, regulations,rules and prizes

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BMX racing is a type of off-road bicycle racing. The format of BMX was derived from motocross racing. BMX bicycle races are sprint races on purpose-built off-road single-lap race tracks.The sport of BMX racing is facilitated by a number of regional and international sanctioning bodies. They provide rules for sanctioning the conduct of the flying, specify age group and skill-level classifications among the racers, and maintain some kind of points-accumulation system over the racing season. The sport is very family oriented and largely participant-driven, with riders ranging in age from 2 to 70, and over. Professional ranks exist for both men and women, where the age ranges from 18 to 40 years old. Some of my good friends do BMX sport and I can say that in Russia this sport lightly diffrent. Usually BMX racers are teens around 10-23 years and they have own style of clothes and behavior. Also they very love their bicycle and decorate it with stickers and tapes.There is no brake on the bicycle and it very exciting because you feel adrenalin. I tryed to start do this kind of sport but my laziness won. And  professional spares is expensive.

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Kayaking is a kind of extreme sport, which appeared relatively recently. Swimming on a special single boat, which is called a kayak. It is divided into many species, from completely calm, recreational, to extreme or competitive. The main wave of interest in kayaking rose in 1936, when Germany and France held the first major competitions in this sport. Now kayaking can serve as a means of active rest and travel, and extremely extreme sport. So, what is a kayak? It is a long narrow boat with a rounded or pointed (V-shaped) hull, in the middle of which there is a place for a kayaker.
Kayakers use a waterproof "skirt", which is attached to their waist and snug against the kayak. This skirt does not allow the kayak to fill with water.
Traveling on sea kayaks is carried out mainly along the coast of the oceans and seas. Duration of travel can be different: starting from a short walk for 2-3 hours and up to expeditions in 2-3 weeks.
Sea kayaks have a special shape and are made of various materials. Basically it is polyethylene and composite materials. Sea kayaks usually have a fairly long length, from 3 meters or more.

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Vulcanoboarding is a very extraordinary extreme sport. It is similar to snowboarding with one difference: there is hardened lava instead of snow under your legs. Sportsmen feel the warmth from the surface of the slope. A special thrill is given by the awareness that it is an active volcano, ready to erupt every second. Volcanoboarding is a really exotic sport for lovers of bright emotions.

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BASE-jumping’s main idea is jumping with a special type of parachute from fixed objects and, to my mind,it’s one of the most dangerous kinds of its own. The first word is an acronym of four words: building, antenna, span and earth. The partakers are called base-jumpers.There are many types of BASE-jumping, for example freefall, rollover, wrong way and many others. Though this is a popular sport, many people were injured and killed because of the danger and difficulty. 

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BASE-jumping’s main idea is jumping with a special type of parachute from fixed objects and, to my mind,it’s one of the most dangerous kinds of its own. The first word is an acronym of four words: building, antenna, span and earth. The partakers are called base-jumpers.There are many types of BASE-jumping, for example freefall, rollover, wrong way and many others. Though this is a popular sport, many people were injured and killed because of the danger and difficulty. 

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Wakeboarding - an Extreme sport that combines water skiing, acrobatics, stunt jumping, etc. Since the 90-ies is developing rapidly and is gaining popularity among the people. As this kind of sport using a Board, a lot of fans related "dosochnaya" sports enjoy doing it from time to time. Respectively, and the tricks came from other similar sports, but the Board in the wakeboard is short and broad.As in water skiing without boats can not do, he moves with a speed of 30-40 km/h with increasing weight of the ballast, so it creates a wave, which the athlete - rider uses as a springboard for the execution of jumps and stunts. The more successful jump, and the ability to perform greater number of tricks more.

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More and more often new sports come to the world of the Olympic Games. Some of them, to put it mildly, are very strange, but not this discipline. Namely - mountain bike! If to speak in the abbreviated sense of the word, then mountain biking is riding a mountain bike off-road and various mountain ranges. That is, sports for courageous, motile and determined people, as it is quite an extreme sport.

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Snowkiting or Kite skiing is an outdoor winter sport where people use kite power to glide on snow or ice. The skier uses a kite to give them power over large jumps. The sport is similar to water-based kiteboarding, but with the footwear used in snowboarding or skiing.The principes of using the kite is the same, but in different terrain. In the early days of snowkiting, foil kites were the most common type; nowadays many kiteboarders use inflatable kites. However, since 2013, newly developed racing foil kites seem to dominate speed races and expedition races, like Red Bull Ragnarok (held on the Norwegian Hardangervidda plateau) and the Vake mini-expedition race (held at Norway's most northern Varanger peninsula). Snowkiting differs from other alpine sports in that it is possible for the snowkiter to travel uphill and downhill with any wind direction. Like kiteboarding, snowkiting can be very hazardous and should be learned and practiced with care. Snowkiting is becoming increasingly popular in places often associated with skiing and snowboarding, such as Russia, Canada, Iceland, France, Switzerland, Austria, Norway, Sweden and the Northern and Central United States. The sport is becoming more diverse as adventurers use kites to travel great distances and sports enthusiasts push the boundaries of freestyle, big air, speed and back country exploration.

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Snowkiting or Kite skiing is an outdoor winter sport where people use kite power to glide on snow or ice. The skier uses a kite to give them power over large jumps. The sport is similar to water-based kiteboarding, but with the footwear used in snowboarding or skiing.The principes of using the kite is the same, but in different terrain. In the early days of snowkiting, foil kites were the most common type; nowadays many kiteboarders use inflatable kites. However, since 2013, newly developed racing foil kites seem to dominate speed races and expedition races, like Red Bull Ragnarok (held on the Norwegian Hardangervidda plateau) and the Vake mini-expedition race (held at Norway's most northern Varanger peninsula). Snowkiting differs from other alpine sports in that it is possible for the snowkiter to travel uphill and downhill with any wind direction. Like kiteboarding, snowkiting can be very hazardous and should be learned and practiced with care. Snowkiting is becoming increasingly popular in places often associated with skiing and snowboarding, such as Russia, Canada, Iceland, France, Switzerland, Austria, Norway, Sweden and the Northern and Central United States. The sport is becoming more diverse as adventurers use kites to travel great distances and sports enthusiasts push the boundaries of freestyle, big air, speed and back country exploration.

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Mountaineering - a sport and active recreation whose goal is to climb the mountain peaks. The sports essence of mountaineering consists in overcoming natural obstacles created by nature (height, relief, weather conditions), on the way to the summit. In sports competitions in alpinism, the object of the competition is the height of the peak, the technical complexity of the traversed route, its nand extent [3].

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Those who are fond of diving can experience its new and more risky kind. This is an ice diving. You are to dive in places where water is covered with ice. State of weightlessness in dark waters will make you feel as in cosmos. It’s unknown what creatures you can meet in depth. Low temperature may badly influence your state of health. It is not easy to orientate under a crust of ice and you are not able to emerge where you want.

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Surfing is riding on a wave on special light boards. Distinguish surfing on: 1. long boards in lenght about 300 centimeters, 2. shortboards from 180 centimeters. There are several types of surfing: 1. tow-in-surboard are equipped with hinges for leg, so as not to fall off the board, becouse on large waves and in windy weather the sufer spends a lot of time in the air, 3. bogyboarding surfing in the position of lying on a shart soft board, 4. sansurfing- surfing on specialized boards in standing position with the help of an oar

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Heliskiing is one of the most extreme sports. The terms "heliskiing" and "heliboarding" come from the English words "helicopter" and "skiing / snowboarding". Heliskiing is an opportunity to see the world from the height of the flight of birds and leave their traces in deep snow, where no one has ever been.These are the main reasons why heliskiing is becoming more popular among professionals and amateurs every year. Heliskiding became a separate type of active recreation around 1960 in Canada. It was a period of the heyday of mountaineering, when many European and Asian peaks were conquered, so thousands of climbers and skiers were sent to find new adventures in the majestic mountains of Canada. A distinctive feature of heliskiing is incredible freedom in movement and in choosing a route, because each time the helicopter delivers you to new snow slopes, where each next descent will not be similar to the previous one.

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Snowboarding is a recreational activity and Olympic and Paralympic sport that involves descending a snow-covered slope while standing on a snowboard attached to a rider's feet.
The development of snowboarding was inspired by skateboarding, sledding, surfing and skiing. It was developed in the United States in the 1960s, became a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998[1] and first featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014. Its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.

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Winter swimming is the activity of swimming during the winter season, typically in outdoor locations or in unheated pools or lidos.In colder countries it may be synonymous with ice swimming, when the water is frozen over. This requires either breaking the ice or entering where a spring prevents the formation of ice. It may also be simulated by a pool of water at 0 °C (32 °F), the temperature at which water freezes.

nter swimming can be dangerous to people who are not used to swimming in very cold water. After submersion in cold water the cold shock response will occur, causing an uncontrollable gasp for air. This is followed by hyperventilation, a longer period of more rapid breathing. The gasp for air can cause a person to ingest water, which leads to drowning. As blood in the limbs is cooled and returns to the heart, this can cause fibrillation and consequently cardiac arrest. The cold shock response and cardiac arrest are the most common causes of death related to cold water immersion.

Winter swimming isn't dangerous for healthy persons, but should be avoided by individuals with heart or respiratory diseases, obesity, high blood pressure and arrhythmia, as well as children and the elderly.Through conditioning, experienced winter swimmers have a greater resistance to effects of the cold shock response.

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КVulcanoboarding is a very extraordinary extreme sport. It is similar to snowboarding with one difference: there is hardened lava instead of snow under your legs. Sportsmen feel the warmth from the surface of the slope. A special thrill is given by the awareness that it is an active volcano, ready to erupt every second. Volcanoboarding is a really exotic sport for lovers of bright emotions.

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it's a kind ofextreme sport all over the world. It is an activity that involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a large elastic cord.
The first modern bungee jumps were made on 1 April 1979 from the 76 m Clifton Suspension Bridg in Bristol, by David Kirke and Simon Keeling.

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Extreme skiing, basic elements of which are jumping and sliding on various parts of the roller skate, which can be supplemented with a performance of acrobatic stunts in the air. Is a kind of rollersport and one of the disciplines of the world extreme games.

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inflatable ball