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1.Where was it made?

The global headquarters of PUMA where the company is based in Herzogenaurach, Germany is where the design and corporate strategy is developed. But overwhelmingly PUMA has a global supply chain in terms of manufacture of athletic footwear, apparel, as well as accessories, most of the manufacturing being in Asia. The major production hubs are located in such countries as Vietnam, China, Indonesia, and Bangladesh with large factories exploited to produce cost-efficiently on a massive scale. Although you might get a handful of specialist or luxury products in Europe, the label on your PUMA product will be a country in Asia.

2.Who benefits from its production and sale?

The production and sales of PUMA are spread globally among a large assortment of stakeholders in an attempt to share the profits and benefits. The main financial beneficiaries are the PUMA corporation and the shareholders who make a lot of revenue and a lot of profit. Nevertheless, there are also significant benefits to the factory workers in Asia (mostly Vietnam, China, and Indonesia) who are paid to produce the good, and thousands of employees around the world in designing, marketing, and retailing. Moreover, the well-paid players and sports teams enjoy large endorsement deals, and retail sponsors receive revenue through selling the products, and the different governments receive taxes on the whole supply chain.

3.How does globalization make this possible?

The enabler of the business model of PUMA is globalization enabling it to attain massive scale at low cost. It renders it possible as it allows PUMA to have access to a global supply chain, and manufacture it mainly in countries in Asia (such as Vietnam and China) at considerably low labor and production costs. At the same time, globalization offers PUMA a huge consumer market globally with over 120 countries allowing it to sell to the maximum with global marketing, global athlete sponsorships and global distribution and becoming a global sportswear giant.

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1. Where was it made?

The Telefon infinite, like most modern smartphones, is not made in a single country. It is a product of a complex, global supply chain. Design & Engineering: Primarily in the United States at GlobeTech's headquarters, where the software, hardware architecture, and industrial design are conceived.

2. Who benefits from its production and sale?

A wide range of actors benefits, though not equally. Primary Beneficiaries: GlobeTech (The Company): They capture the largest share of the profit from each sale. This benefits their shareholders and executives through increased stock value and dividends.

3. How has globalization made this possible?

Globalization is the fundamental enabler of a product like the Telefon infinite. It would be impossible without it. Global Supply Chains: Globalization has allowed companies to break down production into tiny steps and source each part from the country that can make it most cheaply and efficiently. This is known as "comparative advantage." GlobeTech doesn't need to own a mine, a chip factory, and a glass plant; it can source the world's best components and assemble them where labor and logistics are most favorable.

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1. Where was it made?

Sony Corporation was founded and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.
Its main manufacturing and research centers are located in Japan, but Sony products are made in multiple countries due to its global supply chain.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

Consumers

They receive high-quality, innovative electronics that enhance entertainment and communication.

Employees

Workers in manufacturing plants and retail stores gain stable employment and training.

Local economies

Countries like Malaysia and Thailand benefit through taxes, exports, and job creation.

Suppliers & distributors

Businesses in Sony’s supply chain profit from partnerships and long-term contracts.

3. How globalization makes that possible?

Global trade agreements

Reduced tariffs and open markets make it easier to export and import parts worldwide.

Technology and communication

Global IT systems help Sony manage its supply chain, logistics, and customer service in real time.

Global branding

Sony’s reputation and marketing campaigns reach customers worldwide through digital media.

International collaboration

Global research teams share technology development across Japan, Europe, and the U.S.

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Product : Land Rover - (luxury sport vehicle)

1. Product and Where It Was Made ?

Product: Land Rover – a luxury sport utility vehicle (SUV) brand known for off-road and premium cars.

Where It Was Made:

United Kingdom (UK): Main design and production centers are in Solihull, Halewood, and Nitra.

Owned by: Tata Motors (India) since 2008.

Sold Worldwide: Available in more than 100 countries.

2. Who Benefits from Its Production and Sale ?

British Workers: Thousands employed in manufacturing, design, and engineering.

Indian Economy: Tata Motors earns profits from international sales, supporting India’s global business image.

Suppliers: Many small and medium companies provide car parts, materials, and technology.

Dealers & Exporters: Earn income through global car sales and services.

Consumers: People worldwide enjoy luxury vehicles with advanced technology and design.

Governments: UK and India benefit from taxes and trade income.

3. How Globalization Makes This Possible ?

Global Ownership: Tata Group from India can own and manage a British brand due to open international investment systems.

Worldwide Supply Chain: Parts come from different countries — engines, electronics, and materials sourced globally.

Transportation & Trade: Modern shipping and logistics allow cars to be exported worldwide.

Technology Exchange: Engineers from India and the UK share knowledge, improving design and innovation.

Global Marketing: Land Rover is promoted through global advertising and online platforms, attracting customers from every continent.

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1. Where was it made?

Milo was first made in Australia in 1934 by a man named Thomas Mayne who worked for the Nestlé company. It was created during a time when many people were poor, to give children a healthy and affordable drink made from milk, malt, and cocoa. Today, Milo is made in many countries like Malaysia, Singapore, and Nigeria, but it originally came from Australia.

2. Who benefits from its production and sale?

Many people benefit from the production and sale of Milo. The Nestlé company earns profit from selling it around the world. Farmers who grow cocoa, milk, and malt also benefit because they supply the ingredients. Factory workers who make and pack Milo earn their salaries from the production. Shops and supermarkets make money when they sell Milo to customers. Finally, consumers benefit because they get a tasty and nutritious drink that gives them energy.

3. How has globalization made this possible?

Globalization has made Milo successful around the world. Because of globalization, Nestlé can easily trade, advertise, and sell Milo in many countries. Transportation and technology make it simple to move ingredients and products from one place to another. Social media and global marketing help people everywhere know about Milo. Also, international factories allow Nestlé to make Milo locally in different countries, so it is cheaper and easier to find. This is why people all over the world can enjoy Milo today.

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1) Where was it made?
Sunsilk Shampoo is a global brand produced by Unilever, a company based in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. However, Sunsilk products are manufactured in several countries, including Thailand, India, Indonesia, and Malaysia, depending on the region where they are sold.

2) Who benefits from its production and sales?
Many groups benefit from Sunsilk’s production and sales:

Unilever, the parent company, gains profits and strengthens its international market presence.

Local factories and workers in production countries earn wages and employment opportunities.

Retailers and distributors benefit by earning income through product sales.

Consumers benefit by getting quality hair care products designed for different hair types.

Local economies benefit from taxes and business activities generated by Unilever’s operations.

3) How does globalization make that possible?
Globalization allows Sunsilk to research, produce, and market its products worldwide. Through global supply chains, ingredients can be sourced from different countries, while advanced transportation and technology make international distribution efficient. Unilever can adapt Sunsilk’s formulas and marketing to suit local preferences in each country. Global communication platforms also help the brand advertise globally and build a strong international image. In short, globalization enables Sunsilk to reach millions of customers across the world, combining global production with local needs.

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1. What is the product I used this week and where was it made?

Product: Portable handheld fan.

Origin: most of these types of fans are typically made in China

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

Several groups benefit:

Workers: Factory workers gain employment, though wages and working conditions vary.

Consumers: You gain an affordable and convenient product.

Designers & Engineers: Those involved in product design and technology development benefit from ongoing demand and innovation.

3. How does globalization make this possible?

Globalization enables:

Online commerce: Platforms like Amazon, AliExpress, or local e-commerce sites allow consumers to buy products from around the world with ease.

Technology sharing: Designs and innovations spread quickly across borders, improving product quality and reducing costs.

NUR ADZLIN SOFIA BINTI MOHD NASIR

A24A3083

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1. Where was it made?

The iPad is designed in the United States and made in China. Some parts come from other countries like Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. It was first released in 2010 by Steve Jobs, the founder of Apple.

2. Who benefits from its production and sale?

Apple Inc. earns profits from designing and selling the iPad.

Manufacturers and workers earn wages for producing parts and assembling the product.

Suppliers and shipping companies benefit from global trade.

Retailers make money by selling the iPads.

Consumers around the world benefit by using the iPad for work, study, and entertainment.

3. How has globalization make this possible?

Globalization makes it possible for Apple to source high-quality parts from different countries, assemble them efficiently in Asia, and ship the final product worldwide. Through global trade, technology sharing, and international marketing, the iPad can reach millions of customers across the globe.

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1. Where was it made?

American company founded in Seattle, USA

The coffee beans from countries like Brazil, Colombia, Ethiopia, and Indonesia

2. Who benefits from its production sales?

Starbucks Corporation earns profits from worldwide sales.

Coffee farmers in developing countries gain income from selling their beans.

Local workers in Starbucks stores benefit through employment.

Suppliers and transport companies earn from the global coffee supply chain.

Consumers benefit by enjoying access to high-quality coffee and café spaces.

3. How globalization makes that posibble?

Globalization enables Starbucks to import coffee beans from different continents, operate stores in more than 80 countries, and share its brand globally through marketing and social media. International trade and fast global transport make it possible for fresh coffee to move efficiently from farms to stores worldwide.

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1. Where was it made

The skincare brand The Ordinary is originally from Canada, founded in Toronto by Brandon Truaxe (via his company DECIEM) in 2016.

2.Who benefits from its production and sales

a)The Company (DECIEM and its Parent Company)

DECIEM, the creator of The Ordinary, earns profit from selling products worldwide.

Estée Lauder Companies (ELC) a large global beauty corporation, now owns most of DECIEM (≈76%), so Estée Lauder benefits financially from all The Ordinary sales.

The profits help fund new product development, marketing, and business expansion.

b) Employees and Local Workers

Factory workers, researchers, lab technicians, and office staff in Canada and other production locations earn salaries from the company.

This supports local employment and contributes to the Canadian economy.

c) Retailers and Online Stores

Stores like Sephora, Cult Beauty, and official The Ordinary websites earn revenue by selling the products.

Distributors and shipping companies also benefit from the sales network.

3.how does globalization make this possible

a) Global Supply Chains

Globalization allows The Ordinary to source ingredients (like niacinamide, hyaluronic acid, and zinc) from different countries where they are cheapest or highest quality.

Example: raw materials might come from Asia, Europe, or North America.

These global supply networks keep costs low and production efficient.

b) International Manufacturing and Distribution

Because of global trade, The Ordinary can manufacture products in Canada and ship them worldwide through efficient transport and logistics systems.

Products reach consumers in Malaysia, the UK, the US, and many other markets quickly.

c) Digital Marketing and E-Commerce

Globalization through the internet and social media lets The Ordinary reach a global audience.

They market products on Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube.

Customers can buy directly from online stores like Sephora, Shopee, or the brand’s official website — anywhere in the world.

d) Global Knowledge and Innovation

Scientists and skincare experts from different countries share research and technology.

This global exchange helps The Ordinary develop scientifically proven formulas faster and cheaper.

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1. Where was the product made?

i) Asics products are mainly manufactured in Asian countries such as China, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Cambodia.

ii) The company’s headquarters is in Kobe, Japan, where product design and quality control decisions are made.

iii) These countries are chosen because of lower labor costs and strong manufacturing infrastructure for sportswear and footwear.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

i) Asics Corporation benefits through profits and global brand recognition.

ii) Manufacturing workers and suppliers in Asia gain employment and income opportunities.

iii) Consumers worldwide benefit by having access to affordable, high-quality sports shoes and apparel.

3. How does globalization make that possible?

i) Global trade agreements allow Asics to source materials and manufacture products in multiple countries efficiently.

ii) Advanced communication and transportation systems enable coordination between Japan and overseas factories.

iii) Global marketing and online sales platforms help Asics reach customers worldwide and expand its market presence.

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1. Where is it produced?
New Balance products are produced in several countries around the world. While some shoes are made in the United States (particularly in Maine and Massachusetts), a large portion of New Balance footwear and apparel is also produced in countries like China, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Thailand, where labor and production costs are lower.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

Consumers benefit by getting access to high-quality sportswear and footwear globally.

The company (New Balance) benefits from global profits, brand recognition, and market expansion.

Workers and factories in producing countries benefit from employment opportunities.

Retailers and distributors around the world benefit through sales and commissions.

Governments in both producing and selling countries benefit from taxes and economic activity.

3. How does globalization make this possible?
Globalization allows New Balance to:

Source materials and labor from countries with lower costs, making production more efficient.

Sell products worldwide through international trade, online platforms, and global marketing.

Collaborate with suppliers and distributors in different regions for faster production and delivery.

Reach a global audience, building a strong international brand through social media and sponsorships (like athletes and sports teams).

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1. Where was it made?

Biore skincare products are manufactured in Japan, where the brand originates, using advanced Japanese skincare technology. Some Biore products are also produced in regional factories, such as in Malaysia, Thailand, or China, to meet local market demand.

2. Who benefits from its production and sale?

Biore (Kao Corporation, Japan) – earns profit from global product sales.

Factory workers – gain employment in manufacturing, packaging, and quality control.

Suppliers – provide raw materials, packaging, and transport services.

Retailers and online sellers – earn income through product distribution.

Consumers – benefit from affordable and effective skincare solutions for different skin types.

Governments – collect taxes from business operations, imports, and exports.

3. How does globalization make this possible?

Global trade allows Biore to distribute products from Japan to countries worldwide.E-commerce platforms (Shopee, Lazada, Amazon, etc.) enable Biore to reach international consumers easily.

Social media and global marketing campaigns promote Biore’s skincare philosophy and attract diverse audiences.

Efficient international logistics support fast product export and import processes.

Global beauty trends influence product innovation and customization for different regions.

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1. Where was it made?

Canon is a Japanese brand, but its products are made in many countries such as Japan, China, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Thailand.

For example:

High-end cameras are made in Japan. Printers and smaller products are made in Vietnam or Malaysia.

2. Who benefits from its production and sale?

- Canon company : earns profit.

- Workers : get jobs in factories around the world.

- Suppliers : earn money by providing parts and materials.

- Retailers : make profit by selling Canon products.

- Consumers : get quality cameras and printers.

- Governments : collect taxes and support local jobs.

3. How does globalization make this possible?

-Canon can make parts in different countries and bring them together to save costs.

-Global trade makes it easy to import and export products.

-Technology and communication help Canon manage factories around the world.

-Global demand allows Canon to sell its products in many countries.

NIK NOR IELYA NATASHA BINTI MOHD ZAKI (A24B2936)

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1. Product and Where It Was Made

The Zebra Vacuum Polar Mug is produced in Bangkok, Thailand, at Zebra's ISO 9001 certified factory.

2. Who Benefits from Its Production and Sale

a)Consumers: Individuals seeking durable and safe drinkware benefit from the mug's high-quality materials and design, ensuring long-term use and satisfaction.

b)Zebra Thailand: The company gains from the production and sale of these mugs through revenue generation, reinforcing its reputation for quality craftsmanship.

c)Retailers and Distributors: Businesses that stock and sell Zebra products, both locally and internationally, profit from the demand for reliable and well-made drinkware.

d)Local Economy: The manufacturing process supports the Thai economy by providing employment opportunities and contributing to the country's industrial sector.

3. How Globalization Makes This Possible

a)Access to Global Markets: Globalization enables Zebra Thailand to reach consumers worldwide through online platforms like Shopee, Lazada, and eBay, expanding its market presence beyond local borders.

b)Supply Chain Integration: Global trade allows Zebra to source high-quality materials and components from various countries, optimizing production efficiency and product quality.

c)Cultural Exchange: Exposure to international markets encourages Zebra to incorporate diverse design elements and functionalities into their products, appealing to a broader audience.

d)Technological Advancements: Global collaboration fosters innovation and the adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies, enhancing product design and production processes.

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1. Where was it made?

Even though Playboy is an American brand, but it doesn't own its own factory, so the answer would be China.

2. Who benefit from its production and sale?

a) Playboy company:

They benefit from cost savings and increased efficiency by configuring their value chain globally.

b) Consumers:

They benefit from the connection of lifestyles and preferences, gaining access to a global brand by buying it.

3. How does globalization make that possible?

a) Technological Advances:

Revolution in transportation and communication can lower the cost and complexity of managing global production and trade. For instance, transportation and communication like containerized shipping and digital technologies can make a distributed supply chain practically.

b) Liberalization of Trade:

The worldwide reduction of barriers to trade and investment allows firms to easily offshore production to countries with advantages like lower labor costs and import the finished goods for sale globally.

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MUHAMMAD AQIF IRFAN BIN NOR AZMAN(A24B2985)

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MUHAMMAD AQIF IRFAN BIN NOR AZMAN(A24B2985)

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1) Where was it made?

Xiaomi is Chinese multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Beijing.

2) Who benefits from its production and sales?

Revenue & Profit: Xiaomi earns money through sales of smartphones, smart home devices, and other electronics. This includes both hardware and services

Component Suppliers: Companies that supply parts (e.g., Qualcomm, MediaTek, Samsung for chips and screens) benefit from bulk purchases.

Consumers

Consumers benefit from affordable, feature-rich technology. Xiaomi’s business model aims to deliver high specs at competitive prices, improving access to smartphones, smart TVs.

Job Creation: Through retail, manufacturing, and service networks, Xiaomi indirectly creates jobs across many countries.

3) How does globalization make this posibble?

Access to Global Markets:Globalization allows Xiaomi to sell products internationally—from Asia and Europe to Latin America and Africa.

Global Manufacturing:Global manufacturing enables mass production at scale and lower labor costs, which helps Xiaomi offer affordable pricing.

Global Distribution:Global logistics and shipping companies (e.g., DHL, FedEx) help Xiaomi deliver products quickly and efficiently.

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1. Where was it made?
Huawei smartphones were created and developed in China by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., a global technology company headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. Most of the phones are manufactured in Huawei’s factories in China, with some components sourced from other countries such as Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?
Many people benefit from Huawei’s smartphone production and sales. The company gains profit and international recognition, while employees and engineers in China and other countries earn income through jobs in design, manufacturing, and sales. Suppliers of electronic parts benefit from large-scale orders, and consumers worldwide enjoy access to advanced, affordable smartphones. The Chinese government also benefits through taxes and export growth.

3. How does globalization make that possible?
Globalization allows Huawei to source components from different countries, manufacture efficiently in China, and sell its products worldwide through global trade and e-commerce. It also enables Huawei to collaborate with international suppliers and technology partners, and to promote its products globally through online marketing and international media channels.

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Muhammad Nasruddin Bin Zulkifli A24B2903

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Muhammad Nasruddin Bin Zulkifli A24B2903

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1. Yamaha motorcycles are originally from japan, where the company yamaha motor co.ltd was founded. Today, Yamaha also has factories in other countr such as Indonesia , Thailand , India and Malaysia to supply the global market.

2. Yamaha motor company earns profits from sales worldwide. Workers in the factories gain employment, dealers and mechanics benefit through sales and servicing, and consumers enjoy affordable, reliable, and fuel-efficient transportation.

3. Globalization allows Yamaha to build factories overseas, import and export parts easily, and sell motorcycles worldwide. It also helps the company share technology and adapt designs to meet the needs of different countries, making Yamaha one of the most recognized motorcycle brands in the world.

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INTAN ADRIANA ADLIN BINTI ABD HAMID (A24B2938)

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1) Where was it made?

AXIS-Y is a skincare brand made in Seoul, South Korea. Founded in 2019, it focuses on climate-based skincare suitable for humid and polluted environments. The brand is known for gentle, natural ingredients and popular products like the Dark Spot Correcting Glow Serum and Mugwort Pore Clarifying Wash Off Pack.

2) Who benefits from its production and sales?

The company – earns profit and grows its business.

Employees – get salaries and job opportunities.

Suppliers – gain income from providing ingredients and packaging.

Retailers and distributors – earn profit by selling the products.

Customers – benefit from effective skincare products for healthy skin.

South Korea’s economy – gains through exports and international brand recognition.

3) How does globalization make this possible?

Global trade – allows AXIS-Y to sell and ship its products to many countries.

Social media and the internet – help promote AXIS-Y worldwide through influencers and online marketing.

International shipping – makes it easier for customers everywhere to buy AXIS-Y products online.

Global supply chains – provide access to high-quality ingredients and packaging from different countries.

Cultural exchange – increases global interest in Korean skincare and beauty trends.

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Nik Anis Sofea binti Abu Hanif (A24B2979)

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Nik Anis Sofea binti Abu Hanif (A24B2979)

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Reflection on chapter 2.

1. Where does it from?

=Richeese Factory is originally come from Indonesia. It was developed by Kaldu Sari Nabati.

2. Who benefit from its production and sales?

=a) The Nabati Group, as they generate income directly from the sales of foods and beverage through multiple revenue streams. For instances, they earn money from franchise fees and royalties paid by franchises.

=b) Secondly is the consumer. They can enjoy unique food offerings that stand out due to their distinctive cheese flavour, which is not commonly found in most fast-food chains.

=c) Lastly, is the local workers and suppliers. When the brand opens new outlets in a country, they will hire local staffs to run the business. This can create employment opportunity and contributes to the local economies.

3. How does globalization make that possible?

= Globalization makes Richeese Factory's expanding their presence internationally by enabling the flow of communication and marketing that an easily attract people in other countries. As an example, this brand took the opportunity to launch their stores in a strategic locations like in Sunway Giza Mall and Ipoh Parade in Perak.

= Next, free trades agreements and improved logistics allow the company to export it's concept, ingredients and brand identity to the new markets. Global supply chains make it easier to source materials, adapt menus to local taste and maintain it's quality consistently.

= Last but not least, social media and digital platforms help promote the brand a wider audience, creating demand before the brand even established in a country. Thanks to the globalization, the business that originally comes from Indonesia can now be enjoyed in multiple countries, benefiting both the company and it's new customers.

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Muhammad Fikri Haziq Bin Firdaus (A24B3726)

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1) Where was it made?

The Baseus Bowie WM02 earphones are made in China. The manufacturer is Shenzhen Times Innovation Technology Co., Ltd., which is located in Shenzhen, China. The product itself is also listed as having its origin in Mainland China.

2) Who benefits from its production and sales?

The Baseus Company (Shenzhen Times Innovation Technology Co., Ltd.): They benefit from the sales and profits derived from a product line that is one of their most popular and affordable offerings.

The Consumers (Users): Users benefit by getting an affordable set of wireless earbuds with features like long battery life, low latency, and app control at a relatively low price point.

Retailers and Distributors: These businesses, including large partners like FedEx, DHL, and USPS (in the US market), benefit by handling the logistics and final sale of the product to the consumer.

3) How does globalization make this possible?

Global Production Networks (Supply Chain): The ability to fragment the operations and locate each stage of production in the country where it can be done at the least cost allows companies like Baseus to utilize the manufacturing infrastructure in China to produce the earbuds affordably.

Access to New, Larger Markets (E-commerce): Globalization and the widespread adoption of communication technologies enable the company to sell the Bowie WM02 directly to consumers across the world through international e-commerce. This ability to expand allows the company to gain economies of scale and increase its efficiency.

Cheaper Consumer Prices: The increased global trade and the ability to source production where costs are lowest lead to cheaper consumer prices for products like the Bowie WM02, making it accessible to a larger global consumer base.

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1. Where is it produced?

Insulin is produced in many countries, mainly by large pharmaceutical companies such as:

• United States

• Germany

• Denmark

• India and China have also become major production hubs for generic versions.

It is typically manufactured in pharmaceutical factories equipped with advanced technology, using biotechnology processes such as genetic engineering in bacteria or yeast.

2. Who benefits from its production and sale?

• Large pharmaceutical companies: Earn significant profits from insulin sales, especially in developed countries.

• Producing countries: Generate revenue and create job opportunities.

• Diabetes patients: Gain access to a vital medication for healthy living.

• Distributors and pharmacies: Profit from distribution and retail.

• Governments and public healthcare systems: If subsidies are provided, it helps reduce the long-term cost of healthcare treatment.

3. How does globalization make this possible?

• Technology sharing across countries: Research and production are carried out across borders.

• Global logistics networks: Insulin can be delivered worldwide quickly through modern transportation systems.

• Patents and international agreements: Allow companies from one country to legally sell their products in others.

• Global workforce: Researchers, scientists, and workers from various countries collaborate in R&D and manufacturing.

• High global demand: Diabetes is a worldwide disease, so the market for insulin exists globally.

I chose insulin as my product because it is a very important medication in the field of medicine, especially for diabetes patients. The use of insulin has saved millions of lives around the world. In addition, I want to highlight how globalization plays a crucial role in the production and distribution of this life saving product.

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1. Where was it made?

Mary Kay is a United States brand, founded in Dallas, Texas in 1963.
Most Mary Kay products are developed and produced in the U.S.A., especially at the company’s manufacturing facility in Lewisville, Texas, and then exported to many countries worldwide.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

Mary Kay company and its employees – earn profit and wages.

Independent beauty consultants – make income through direct selling.

Suppliers and distributors – gain from product packaging, shipping, and marketing.

Consumers – benefit by getting quality skincare and cosmetic products.

3. How does globalization make this possible?

Globalization allows Mary Kay to:

Sell products internationally through a network of beauty consultants.

Use global marketing platforms like social media to reach customers worldwide.

Import ingredients and packaging materials from different countries.

Ship and distribute easily thanks to global trade and transport systems.

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1. Where was it made?

- Montigo was originally founded in Melbourne, Australia.The company later moved its headquarters and operations to Malaysia, where it’s now registered, owned, and managed.

⁠

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

1-Montigo company itself:

gains profit and brand recognition.

2-Retailers: earn through product sales.

3-Workers: jobs are created in design, manufacturing and distribution.

4-Consumer: get vacuum insulated design drinkware that maintain temperature for hours.

3. How does globalization make that possible?

1-Digital platforms: such as tiktok, shopee, Lazada and marketing global channel.

2-Efficient global logistics: export to international markets.

3-Collaborate global supply chain: get raw material from different countries at lower costs.

4-Culture exchange: reusable, sustainable drinkware.

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1. Where was it made?

• SAFI is a Malaysian brand. The products are made in Malaysia by Wipro Unza Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.

2. Who benefits from its production and sale?

• Company: Gains profits from local and international sales.

• Suppliers: Both local and international suppliers benefit by providing ingredients, and packaging as well as logistics services.

• Consumers: Its suits to sensitive skin. Other than that, in Malaysia and other countries benefit by having access to Halal certified skincare.

• Government: Gains through taxes, exports, and growth of the local beauty industry.

3. How does globalization make this possible?

• Ingredients and technology SAFI can import high-quality skincare ingredients and adopt advanced cosmetic science from countries like Japan and South Korea.

• Export that SAFI products are now sold not only in Malaysia but also in Indonesia, China, Singapore, Brunei, and Middle East.

• Online platforms like TikTok,Shopee, Lazada, and international social media to reach customers worldwide.

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1. Where was it made?

The Enchanteur Chic Glitter Girl perfume is made in Malaysia by Wipro Unza (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., part of Wipro Consumer Care from India. Its fragrance is inspired by French perfume designs.

2. Who benefits from its production and sale?

1) Wipro Unza company – earns profit from sales.

2) Local workers – gain jobs and income.

3) Retailers and online platforms – such as Watsons, Shopee, and TikTok Shop make profits.

4) Consumers – enjoy quality fragrances at affordable prices.

3. How does globalization make this possible?

Globalization makes Enchanteur’s success possible through:

1) Global supply chains (materials, design, and marketing from different countries).

2) International trade (export to other nations).

3) Digital platforms (online global sales).

4) Cultural blending – combining French elegance with Asian affordability.

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1. Where was it made?

Adidas is a German company, founded in Herzogenaurach, Germany in 1949 by Adolf Dassler. However, most Adidas products are not made in Germany — they are produced in many countries around the world, especially in Asia, such as:

China

Vietnam

Indonesia

India

Cambodia

These countries are chosen because labor and production costs are lower, allowing Adidas to produce goods more efficiently and affordably.

2. Who benefits from its production and sale?

Several groups benefit from Adidas production and sales:

The Company (Adidas AG): earns profit from global sales.

Factory Workers: earn wages from making Adidas products.

Retailers: make profit by selling Adidas items in stores and online.

Consumers: get access to quality sportswear and footwear.

Host Countries: benefit through job creation, export income, and taxes.

3. How has globalization made this possible?

Globalization has made Adidas’s worldwide success possible through:

International Trade: Adidas can sell its products in nearly every country.

Efficient Transportation: Easier to move raw materials and finished goods globally.

Technology and Communication: Helps Adidas design, market, and manage production across countries.

Outsourcing and Global Supply Chains: Adidas can produce in countries where labor is cheaper but sell globally at higher prices.

Global Marketing: Social media and sponsorships (like with athletes and sports teams) help Adidas reach customers worldwide.

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NURIN HAZIQAH BINTI MOHD ZUKI (A24A3176)

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1) Where was it made

Anua is a K-beauty brand from South Korea.

Some of its ingredients are locally sourced, formulation & R&D happens in Korea.

2) Who benefits from its production and sales

• Workers and employees in Korea (R&D specialists, formulators, manufacturing staff) benefit through jobs and income.

• Suppliers of raw / natural ingredients

• Retailers & distributors globally get benefit

• Consumers all over the world who want gentle, natural skincare benefit — especially those with sensitive skin or interested in K-beauty.

• Brand owners & investors also benefit financially from the product success.

3) How does globalization make that possible

Globalization enables several key things for Anua:

• International supply chains: raw materials are sourced, processed, packaged across various places, making cost-effective production possible.

• Global markets & e-commerce: Anua can sell beyond Korea.

• Logistics & distribution: Shipping, customs, trade agreements allow Korean cosmetic products to reach Malaysia (and many other countries) efficiently.

• Marketing and digital communication: Social media, online reviews, influencers help spread knowledge of the brand and product globally, creating demand across borders.

• Regulation and standards alignment: Quality, safety, ingredient standards (or adaptation) are managed so that products meet requirements in various markets (e.g. labeling, permissible ingredients).

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1) Where was it made?

Skechers is an American brand, founded in Manhattan Beach, California, USA.

However, most Skechers shoes are manufactured in countries like China and Vietnam, where production costs are lower.

2) Who benefits from its production and sales?

Skechers USA, Inc. earns profits from designing and selling shoes globally.

Factory workers in China, Vietnam, and other Asian countries earn income from manufacturing the shoes.

Material suppliers (such as for rubber, fabric, and foam) benefit financially.

Retailers and distributors in shopping malls and online platforms profit from sales.

Consumers benefit by getting comfortable and affordable shoes for sports and casual wear.

3) How does globalization make that possible?

Globalization allows Skechers to:

Design in the USA but produce in Asia, reducing costs while maintaining quality.

Sell worldwide, reaching millions of customers through international trade and e-commerce.

Source materials globally, ensuring efficiency in production.

Use global marketing and sponsorships to promote the brand in different countries.

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NUR ARISYA IMAN BINTI MOHD HANAFI (A24A3016)

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1. Where it was made ?

Honda Motor Co., Ltd. was founded in Japan in 1948 by Soichiro Honda and Takeo Fujisawa. The company started as a small motorcycle producer before expanding into car manufacturing. Today, Honda has factories and offices all around the world, including in the United States, Thailand, Malaysia, India, the United Kingdom, and Brazil. This global presence allows Honda to produce vehicles closer to its customers, reducing costs and delivery time while supporting local economies.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales ?

- Customers gain access to affordable, fuel-efficient, and high-quality vehicles.

- Employees benefit through job opportunities in manufacturing plants, dealerships, and offices worldwide.

- Governments benefit from the tax revenue Honda generates and from the economic growth its factories bring to local communities.

- Shareholders and investors earn profits from Honda’s global success, while local suppliers and small businesses benefit by providing materials, parts, and services to the company.

- Communities benefit through Honda’s social responsibility programs that focus on education, the environment, and safety.

3. How globalization makes it possible ?

- Allows the company to trade freely across countries, access international markets, and share technology and knowledge globally.

- Honda can build factories in different countries, buy parts from global suppliers, and sell cars and motorcycles almost anywhere in the world.

- Advances in transportation, communication, and technology make it easier for Honda to manage its worldwide operations and maintain high-quality standards.

- Helps Honda connect people, resources, and ideas from many nations to produce and sell its products efficiently across the globe.

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1) Where was it made:

Drinks by Yeo are made by Yeo Hiap Seng (YHS) which used to be originally based in Singapore. It grew its operations in other countries with time. Currently, Selangor in Malaysia is one of its primary manufacturing centers. Most of the popular drinks are made and packed here. These plants have up-to-date technology that is used in order to prepare the drinks safely and efficiently. The products are spread locally and internationally after production.

2) Who benefits from its production and sales:

The production and sales made by Yeo have many different groups of people. Farmers and suppliers are able to earn their income by supplying ingredients such as soybeans, sugar and flowers. It is also beneficial to factory workers and staff as they receive stable occupation in the production and logistics areas. This assists in supporting their families and the economy in the area. It is an advantage to the company, retailers and consumers. Yeo profits, stores make sales and customers have their quality drinks at low prices.

3) How globalization makes that possible:

Globalization enables Yeo to access customers in all parts of the globe. Their drinks have been sold in numerous countries other than Asia through international trade. The transport and logistics systems facilitate easy transportation in the form of the transfer of products to other areas. This assists the company in the expansion of its market. The process is also cheaper and faster due to the free trade agreements and global supply chains. Consequently, the can of Yeo will be able to expand globally and become a recognizable brand across the entire world.

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Product: Vivo Phone

1. What is the product and where was it made?
The product is a Vivo smartphone. It was made in China, where the company’s main factories are located. Some parts, like chips and screens, might come from other countries such as Taiwan or South Korea.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?
Many people benefit. The Vivo company earns money from selling the phones, factory workers in China earn income from making them, and countries involved in producing parts also gain profit. Consumers like me benefit too because I can buy a good-quality phone at an affordable price.

3. How does globalization make this possible?
Globalization allows different countries to work together in making and selling products. Materials and parts can come from many places, and the phones can be sold all around the world. Because of global trade, technology, and transportation, a Chinese company like Vivo can reach customers in my country easily.

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1. Think of one product or service you use this week that come from another country ?

Choose any product or service and ask yourself where was it made ?

-This week, I used a Sharp washing machine, which is a product made in Japan. Sharp is a well-known Japanese electronics company that produces household appliances and electronic devices distributed worldwide.

2. Who benefit from it production and sale ?

-The Sharp company earns profit from selling the product.

-Employees and factory workers in Japan or other countries get job opportunities and income.

-Retailers and distributors in Malaysia also benefit through commissions and sales profits.

-Consumers (like me) benefit from time-saving and convenience in doing laundry.

3. How does globalization made that possible ?

-Allowing international trade so Sharp products can be exported from Japan to Malaysia.

-Enabling technological exchange and communication, which helps companies manage production and marketing across countries.

-Promoting foreign investment, where Sharp can establish branches or partners in other countries.

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1. Where was it made?

Nivea was originally made in Germany in 1911 by the company Beiersdorf AG.

Today Nivea products are manufactured in several countries around the world. The famous Nivea Creme was their very first product.

2. Who benefits from its production and sale?

the main people who benefits from Nivea's production and sales are the company, the workers and the sellers. The company Beiersdorf AG, earns profit from selling the products. The workers get salaries for producing and packaging the products. The sellers such as shops and supermarkets make money by selling Nivea items to customers.

The customer benefit is they get skincare products that help keep their skin healthy, soft and protected. Nivea offers many types of products such as lotions, creams and lip balm that can be used for daily care. These products help customer feel more confidents about their appearance and improve their personal hygiene. some products also provide protection from the sun and keep the skin moisturized which is good for overall skin health.

3. how does the globalization make this possible?

Globalization makes Nivea's production and sales possible by allowing the company to expand and reach people all around the world. Through the globalization Nivea can produce the product in different countries and sell them in many international markets.

Nurin Afiqah Binti Nazri

A24A3372

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1. What is the product I used this week and where it was made?

I used a Panasonic fridge this week. It is a Japanese brand, and my fridge was made in Malaysia.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

The company earns profit, the workers get jobs, the shops earn money from selling it, and consumers like me benefit from using it. The country also gains income from taxes and exports.

3. How globalization makes all this possible?

Globalization allows countries to work together. Panasonic can make parts in one country and sell products in another. Thanks to trade, transport, and technology, people around the world can buy the same fridge easily.

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1.Where was it made?

Mitsubishi was created and headquartered in Minato,Tokyo,Japan

2.Who benefits from its production and sale

-The workers of the Mitsubishi factories

-The car dealer because they got the commission

-The consumer because Mitsubishi create the reliable and affordable car

-The subcontractor because they are supplying the component of the car

-The government because they can increase their income from the tax

3.How does globalization make this possible?

-Globalization allow Mitsubishi Motors source the material,parts and labor from around the world

-Globalization allowed Mitsubishi to promoting their product to the other countries

-Mitsubishi cooperate with other car brands like Proton,Renault and Honda to sharing their technologies to develop a car

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1. What is the product I used this week and where was it made?

I used a Lenovo IdeaPad. It's a basic laptop used for work, study, web browsing, and watching videos. It’s built to be affordable and easy to carry.

The final assembly most likely happened in China.

Its parts come from many countries:

Processor (Intel or AMD): Designed in the USA, made in places like Ireland, Malaysia, or Taiwan.

RAM and Storage: From companies in South Korea, Japan, or the USA.

Screen: Made in China, South Korea, or Taiwan.

Battery and case: Mostly made in factories in China and Southeast Asia.

This product shows how many parts of the world are involved in making one device.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

Lenovo and investors make money from large sales.

Component makers (like Intel, AMD, Samsung) get big orders.

Factory workers get jobs assembling the laptops.

Retailers and shipping companies earn money moving and selling the product.

I, as the user, get a low-cost, reliable laptop.

Governments collect taxes during production, shipping, and sales.

3. How does globalization make this possible?

Globalization keeps the IdeaPad cheap and easy to get.

Each part is made by companies that do it best and cheapest.

Factories in China focus on fast, low-cost assembly.

Ships and planes move parts between countries quickly.

Trade deals make this movement easier and cheaper.

Brands like Lenovo compete worldwide, so they must offer good value.

Without this system, the IdeaPad would cost more and take longer to make.

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1. What is the product I used this week and where it was made?

This week, I used the Atomy Ethereal Oil Patch for my muscle aches. It is made in South Korea by the company Atomy.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

The Atomy company earns profit from selling the product. Workers in South Korea get jobs making and packaging it. Distributors and sellers in other countries also earn money by selling it. Consumers like me benefit because it helps relieve muscle pain.

3. How globalization makes all this possible?

Globalization allows products from South Korea to be sold in many countries. Because of international trade, online shopping, and fast shipping, I can easily buy Atomy products in Malaysia. Globalization helps connect companies and customers all over the world.

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1. Where was it made?

Cetaphil was originally developed in Texas, USA in 1947.
Today, it is manufactured in several countries, including the United States, Canada, Germany, and Australia, depending on product type and market demand.

2. Who benefits from its production and sale?

Producers / Company: Galderma Laboratories (the company that owns Cetaphil) gains profits from product sales.

Employees: Workers involved in production, marketing, and distribution receive salaries.

Retailers: Pharmacies and stores that sell Cetaphil earn profit from each sale.

Consumers: People with sensitive skin benefit from using the skincare products that improve skin health.

Governments: Countries where it’s produced or sold gain tax revenue from sales and exports.

3. How does globalization make this possible?

Global supply chains allow ingredients and packaging to be sourced from different countries.

International trade enables Cetaphil to be sold in over 70 countries worldwide.

Global marketing and e-commerce help promote the brand through online platforms and international retailers.

Technological advancement supports mass production, distribution, and communication across borders.

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1. What is the product I used this week and where it was made

• The product I use this week is COSRX Skincare. COSRX is a well-known South Korean skincare brand that focuses on gentle and effective products for all skin types. Most of its products, including cleansers, serums, and moisturizers, are made and packaged in South Korea, then exported to many countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and the United States.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales

• The people who benefit from the production and sales are the COSRX company, factory workers, beauty distributors and retailers, and users like me.

• COSRX gains profits and global brand success, factory workers earn income, beauty stores and online platforms gain sales, while users like me benefit from having healthier, clearer, and hydrated skin.

3. How does globalization make this possible

• Globalization makes this possible by allowing South Korean skincare products to reach people all around the world through international trade and e-commerce.

• With the help of online stores such as Shopee, Watsons, and YesStyle, and social media influencers promoting K-beauty trends, COSRX can sell its products to millions of customers globally.

• This shows how globalization connects brands, suppliers, and customers through technology, marketing, and worldwide shipping.

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1. Where was it made?

Casio products are made primarily in Japan, where the company was founded. However, due to globalization and cost efficiency, Casio also manufactures many of its products in other countries such as Thailand, China, and Malaysia.

2. Who benefits from its production and sale?

The production and sale of Casio products benefits many groups. Consumers enjoy affordable, high-quality goods such as watches and calculators, while factory and office workers gain stable jobs. Suppliers, retailers, and shareholders profit from Casio's global business, and governments benefit through taxes and economic growth.

3. How does globalization make this possible?

Globalization makes this possible by allowing Casio to produce, market, and sell products worldwide. It allows for cheaper production through international supply chains, faster communication, easier trade, and a wider global reach through technology and marketing.

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NAME : NURAIN NATASYA BT AZLAN AZIZI A24B3732

1. What is the product I used this week and where it was made?

The product I used this week is the Skintific Moisturizer.
Skintific is a skincare brand from Canada, and its products are manufactured in Canada and Indonesia, depending on the product line.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

Several parties benefit from the production and sales of Skintific products:

The company (Skintific) earns profit from product sales.

Employees and manufacturers gain income from producing and packaging the moisturizer.

Retailers and online platforms (like Shopee, Watsons, or TikTok Shop) earn commissions from selling it.

Consumers benefit by improving their skin health and confidence.

3. How does globalization make this possible?

Globalization allows Skintific products to reach consumers all over the world through international trade, online shopping, and digital marketing.
Because of globalization:

The brand can manufacture in one country and sell globally through e-commerce platforms.

Social media and influencers help promote the product internationally.

Shipping and logistics systems make it easy for customers in Malaysia (and other countries) to buy Skintific products quickly and affordably.

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NAME: NURAIN BINTI A'FISH (A24B3718)

1. What is the product I used this week and where it was made?

This week, I used the Dazzle Me Setting Spray, a cosmetic product made in China after I do my makeup

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

The Dazzle Me company, its factory workers, suppliers, retailers, and online sellers benefit from its production and sales.

Consumers benefit by getting a long-lasting makeup finish, while the local and global economies gain through business profits and employment opportunities.

3. How does globalization make this possible?

Globalization enables Dazzle Me to source raw materials, produce in different countries, and sell products worldwide through online platforms like Shopee, TikTok, and Lazada.

It also allows the brand to advertise internationally, collaborate with influencers, and reach customers across various regions quickly and efficiently.

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NAME : MUHAMMAD ZARIF NAIM BIN ISMAIL (A24A3331)

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1. What is the product I used this week and where it was made ?

The product is I use this week is my Adizero Adios Pro 4. It made by Adidas, a company from Germany but the most production is come from China, Vietnam, and Indonesia.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales ?

The production and sales of the Adidas Adizero Adios Pro 4 benefit several groups. Adidas gains profit from selling the shoes, while factory workers earn wages for making them. Retailers and distributors also benefit by earning money through sales. Athletes and runners gain performance advantages from the shoe’s advanced design. In addition, investors profit when Adidas’ sales increase, and governments collect taxes from production and sales activities.

3. How does globalization make this possible ?

Globalization makes the production and sales of the Adidas Adizero Adios Pro 4 possible by connecting countries through trade, technology, and communication. Adidas can design the shoe in Germany, manufacture it in countries like China or Vietnam, and sell it worldwide through online and retail stores. This global network allows the company to reduce costs, reach more customers, and share new innovations across markets.

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Muhammad Amir Haziq bin Mohamad Nazri A24B3743

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Muhammad Amir Haziq bin Mohamad Nazri A24B3743

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1. Where was it made?

Realme is a Chinese smartphone manufacturer that was founded in 2018 by Sky Li (Li Bingzhong).

The company’s headquarters are in Shenzhen, China.

Its products (smartphones, earbuds, smartwatches, etc.) are mainly manufactured in China, but Realme also has production facilities and assembly plants in countries such as India, Indonesia, and Bangladesh to serve regional markets.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

Several groups benefit:

The company (Realme/BBK Electronics): Earns profit from global sales.

Employees and factory workers: Gain employment and income through manufacturing, assembly, and retail jobs.

Suppliers and local businesses: Benefit from contracts for parts, logistics, marketing, and retail partnerships.

Consumers: Benefit from affordable and innovative smartphones with advanced technology.

Governments: Receive tax revenue and benefit from economic growth in areas where Realme operates.

3. How does globalization make this possible?

Globalization plays a major role in Realme’s success:

Global supply chain: Realme sources components (chips, screens, batteries) from multiple countries.

Technology transfer: Access to global research and development helps Realme compete with leading brands.

Global markets: Through international trade and e-commerce, Realme can sell its products in over 60 countries.

International labor and investment: Partnerships and foreign investments allow Realme to set up production outside China, especially in developing countries like India.

Global communication and marketing: Social media and digital marketing make it easy to reach global audiences efficiently.

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1.What is the product I used this week and where it was made

I just bought this and used it to store clothes. This product is made in China.

2.Who benefits from its production and sales

Manufacturers & Factory Workers – People working in Chinese factories that produce boxes earn wages that support their families.

Companies & Distributors – Simhome (and retailers like Shopee, Lazada, Amazon) profit from global sales.

Consumers (like me) – consumers benefit by having affordable, space-saving, and durable storage solutions.

Shipping & Logistics Workers – Those involved in packaging, transporting, and shipping products also benefit through employment.

3. How does globalization make this possible

Globalization connects countries through trade, technology and communication, making products like these widely available. Specifically:

E-commerce Platforms: Websites like Shopee, Lazada and Amazon allow consumers around the world to buy directly from global manufacturers.

Global Marketing: Brands can reach global customers through social media, advertising and online marketplaces.

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1. Where was it made?
Google was developed in the United States by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1998.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?
Google benefits through advertising revenue. Businesses gain by promoting their products and reaching new customers. Users benefit by easily finding information, maps, and services online. Developers and website owners also benefit because Google helps them attract visitors.

3. How does globalization make that possible?
Globalization allows Google to operate in nearly every country, supported by worldwide internet access and cloud technology. Different languages and regions are connected through translation tools and local search features, making global information easily available to everyone.

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1. What is the product I used this week and where it was made

The product is use this week is my Samsung Galaxy Tab A8. It made by Samsung, a company from South Korea but most Samsung tablet is come from Vietnam or China.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales

The people who benefits from the production and sales are Samsung company, factory worker, retail and users or student like me. Samsung company will gain profit, workers receive job and income, and users or user like me get benefits from taking note easily or read any pdf file easily in big screen.

3. How does globalization make this possible

Globalization make this possible by allowing different countries to work together in producing and selling the tablet. Some of the part come from various countries while the tablet is assembled in another country and then sold worldwide. Through technology sharing and communication, Samsung can design, produce, and distribute its products to many countries, including Malaysia. This shows how globalization connects countries through business and innovation.

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1. Where was it made?

IKEA was founded by Ingvar Kamprad in Sweden in 1943 and is well known for its Scandinavian-style designs. IKEA uses thousands of suppliers in over 50 countries (including Poland, China, Malaysia, and many others) to produce its furniture, textiles, and home products. In Malaysia, its products are sold exclusively in their large retail stores (such as in Damansara, Cheras, Tebrau, etc.) and through their official online store.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

#Customers (End Users)
-Affordable and functional furniture and household products.
-IKEA’s flat-pack (self-assembly) model reduces transportation and assembly costs, allowing them to offer lower prices compared to pre-assembled furniture.

#IKEA Company (Owners and Shareholders)
-Huge profits from global sales.
-The parent company (mainly Inter IKEA Systems B.V. in the Netherlands) earns royalties from every IKEA store, enabling continuous investment in design, product development, and global expansion.

#IKEA Employees (Sales and Corporate Staff)
-Salaries, benefits, and employment opportunities in retail, logistics, design, and management sectors.
-More than 200,000 people work for IKEA worldwide, earning income and job security.

#Manufacturing Countries (Suppliers)
- Economic growth, job opportunities in manufacturing, and foreign investment.
-Factories in countries like China, Poland, and Malaysia (especially in the wood industry) receive large contracts from IKEA, creating thousands of local jobs and boosting the manufacturing sector.

#Government Authorities (Countries of Operation)
-Tax revenue.
-Governments in countries where IKEA operates (such as Malaysia, the United States, etc.) collect business taxes (corporate tax) and sales taxes (like SST or VAT), which fund public services.

#Supply Chain and Logistics Partners
-Income from service contracts.
-Transportation, warehousing, and logistics companies that handle the movement of raw materials and finished products from factories to IKEA stores profit from large-scale service agreements.

3.How does globalization make that possible?

Global Supply Chain:
IKEA leverages globalization by sourcing low-cost raw materials from countries like Poland, China, and Malaysia, while collaborating with specialized suppliers worldwide to ensure high quality at minimal cost.

Logistics Efficiency and Flat-Pack Concept:
IKEA’s flat-pack model maximizes container space and reduces shipping costs, while international trade agreements allow products to move easily across borders with lower tariffs and simplified customs procedures.

Economies of Scale:
With access to a vast global market, IKEA produces millions of standardized products, lowering the average cost per unit and enabling the company to offer low prices while maintaining strong profit margins.

Design Standardization:
IKEA’s minimalist Scandinavian designs are globally accepted, with only minor local adjustments based on cultural preferences, simplifying global production and inventory management.

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1. What is the product I used this week and where it was made?

The product I used this week is a Tyeso Tumbler. It is made in China.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

The factory and workers in China earn money from making and selling the tumbler. The retailers and shops also earn money from selling it and the customers can useful and get good quality product.

3. How does globalization make this possible?

Globalization makes it possible for the China made Tyeso Tumbler to be sold and used in Malaysia. It is because of international trade, fast delivery and online platforms like Shopee ad Lazada. This product can reach consumers anywhere in the world. Without globalization, Malaysians might not be able to buy or use the Tyeso Tumbler as easily.

AINA SYAMIMI BINTI SHAHRUL AZLI A24B3774

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1. What is the product I used this week and where it was made?

I used my Oppo Reno 11F 5G smartphone. Oppo is a brand from China, and the phone was made there. Some parts of the phone, like the camera or screen, may come from other countries such as Japan or South Korea.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

Many people and companies benefit from making and selling this phone. The Oppo company earns money from selling it. Factory workers in China get jobs and income. The shops in Malaysia that sell the phone also earn profit. Even delivery companies and customers like me benefit because we get a good phone to use.

3. How does globalization make this possible?

Globalization makes it possible for companies like Oppo to sell their products around the world. Through trade, technology, and online marketing, Oppo can get parts from different countries, build the phone in China, and sell it in Malaysia. Because of globalization, people in many countries can use the same products easily.

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1. Where was it made?
Skechers is a well-known footwear brand from the United States, but most of its shoes are manufactured in countries such as China, Vietnam, and Indonesia. These countries are chosen because they have lower labor and production costs, which helps Skechers produce shoes more efficiently.

2. Who benefits from its production and sale?
Many groups benefit from the production and sale of Skechers shoes. The company earns profit and grows its brand globally. Factories and workers in the manufacturing countries gain employment and income. Retailers and distributors in different countries benefit from selling the shoes, while consumers enjoy comfortable and stylish footwear at affordable prices. Even the governments of the producing countries benefit through taxes and economic activity generated by the factories.

3. How does globalization make that possible?
Globalization makes it possible for Skechers to design in the U.S., produce in Asia, and sell worldwide. Advances in technology, communication, and transportation allow the company to manage its global supply chain easily. Free trade agreements and international shipping make it faster and cheaper to move materials and finished products between countries. Through globalization, Skechers can connect designers, suppliers, workers, and customers from all over the world, turning one company into a truly global business.

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1) Where was it made?
The Casio calculator was made by Casio, a well-known Japanese company. While Casio is based in Japan, many of its calculators are also manufactured in other countries such as China and Thailand. This is done to reduce production costs and meet global demand more efficiently.

2) Who benefits from its production and sale?
Many parties benefit from the production and sale of the Casio calculator. The Casio company earns profits from designing, manufacturing, and marketing the product. Workers in the factories, whether in Japan, China, or Thailand, benefit through employment and stable income. Distributors and local retailers in Malaysia also gain profits by selling the product, and consumers like me benefit from having access to a reliable and affordable calculator for daily use in studies or work.

3) How does globalization make that possible?
Globalization makes this possible by allowing Casio to operate and sell its products internationally. It enables the company to source raw materials and labor from different countries, reducing costs while maintaining quality. Through global trade networks, Casio can easily distribute calculators to markets around the world, including Malaysia. Globalization also allows for faster communication, transportation, and marketing, connecting the company with consumers everywhere and making products like the Casio calculator easily available worldwide.

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1.Where was it made?

-The Garmin smartwatch was designed in the United States by Garmin Ltd., but most of its manufacturing takes place in Taiwan. Some of the components, such as sensors and chips, are also sourced from other countries like China, Japan, and Malaysia.

2.Who benefit from it production and sales?

-Garmin company earns profit from designing,marketing and selling the watches.

-Factory workers get wages for assembling and producing the watches in Taiwan.This tell us that Garmin company offer a job opportunity to society.

-Suppliers,the companies that provide parts like sensors,chips and batteries earn income.

-Retailers and distributors,they earn profit from selling Garmin products to customers.

-Consumers,benefit by using the smartwatch for health and fitness.

-Last but not least governments.Governments receive tax revenue and gain from job creation in the production and sales process.

3)How does globalization make that possible?

Globalization makes it possible for Garmin to design its products in one country and manufacture them in another, where production costs are lower.

It allows the company to source materials and parts from different countries efficiently through international trade.
Globalization also enables Garmin to sell its products worldwide through online platforms and global distribution networks.

By connecting countries through technology, communication, and transportation, globalization helps Garmin reach millions of customers around the world.

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1. Where was it made?

Chongqing, China

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

HP Inc. - HP earns profits from designing, marketing and selling the Victus line, HP's shareholders also benefit through higher earnings and dividends if sales perform well

Manufacturers and Suppliers - Companies like Foxconn, AMD, and NVIDIA get benefit by earning manufacturing service fees and maintaining employment for workers in their factories

Workers - Factory workers earn wages from assembling and testing HP laptops

Retailers and Distributors - Retail chains like Shopee, Lazada, and Thundermatch earn profit margins by reselling HP Victus laptops

Governments - Government in countries where HP sells or manufactures benefit through taxes, import/export duties, and employment contributions

Consumers - Consumers like me benefit through access to high-performance, affordable gaming laptops, improving productivity, gaming experiences, and education outcomes

3. How does globalization make that possible?

Global Supply Chain - Globalization allows HP to source components from around the world

Outsourcing and Lower Production Costs - Thanks to globalization, HP can outsource production to countries where labor and manufacturing costs are lower

Technological and Knowledge Sharing - Globalization encourages the transfer of technology and expertise between nations, this why HP shares designs and standards with factories abroad, while manufacturers contribute efficiency and innovation in production processes

Technological Trade Agreements - Free trade agreements and reduced tariffs make it easier to export and import laptops and components between countries

Global Marketing and Distribution - Globalization allows HP to market Victus laptops in multiple countries through online platforms and local retailers

Multinational Workforce - HP's success depends on team working across borders such as engineers in the USA, suppliers in Asia, logistics in Europe, and customer service in many languages

Economic Interdependence - Every part of the Victus laptop involves different countries, creating mutual economic benefits

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1. Where it was made?

Torriden is a South Korean skincare brand founded around 2015–2016 in Seoul, South Korea.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

People who want gentle skincare, especially those with sensitive skin, benefit.

They profit via product sales in Korea and globally such as Malaysia

The brand has expanded, people outside Korea like Asia and Europe get access to products that might otherwise be hard to find. This gives more choice and more affordable alternatives to local high-end skincare.

3. How globalization makes all this possible?

Torriden can source raw materials from various global suppliers for chemicals, packaging, manufacture and etc in Korea, and then export its products globally.

Torriden benefits from online exposure like wise TikTok and Instagram

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1. What product and where it's made?

- Sephora is a beauty store that sells makeup, skincare, haircare, and perfume. Besides, Sephora offers many famous brands and its own line called Sephora Collection, which has good-quality products at lower prices.

Sephora products are made in different countries. Some are made in France, Italy, China, and South Korea, depending on the type of product. Other brands in Sephora make their products in their own countries, so Sephora’s items come from many places around the world.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

- Many consumers and supplier get benefit from Sephora’s production and sales. The company itself gains profits from selling beauty products around the world. Employees working in stores, factories, and offices earn salaries from Sephora’s business. Suppliers and manufacturers who produce Sephora’s products or provide materials also benefit through steady income. Partner brands sold at Sephora gain higher sales and wider recognition. Customers benefit by having access to a wide range of quality beauty products in one place. In addition, governments benefit from the taxes Sephora pays in the countries where it operates. Overall, Sephora’s production and sales create benefits for the company, its workers, business partners, customers, and local economies.

3. How does globalization make that possible?

- Globalization makes Sephora’s business possible by connecting countries and people around the world. It allows Sephora to make products in different countries where materials and labor may be cheaper. It also helps the company sell and deliver products to many places through stores and online shopping. Because of globalization, Sephora can work with brands from different countries and reach more customers around the world.

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1. The product i have chosen is Coca-Cola which is made in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The syrup (concentrate) 🍷is produced mainly in the United States of America and a few other regional centers, then sent to local bottling companies in more than 200 countries where it is mixed, bottled, and distributed. E.g, Coca-Cola Bottlers (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd. In Negeri Sembilan.

2. Who Benefits From Its Production & Sales?

— The Coca-Cola Company (USA) benefits by earning global profits and brand recognition.

— Local Bottling partners, employees (both local & global ), retailers, and restaurants benefit from local production through increased business opportunities and job creation.

— Consumers enjoy a refreshing beverage available at an affordable price almost everywhere.

— Government receives taxes and foreign investment from Coca-Cola operations.

3. How Globalization Makes This Possible:

Globalization allows Coca-Cola to sell its products worldwide, source materials cheaply, and adapt its marketing to local tastes. It also enables efficient global distribution and communication, helping the company maintain a strong global brand with local appeal.

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1. Where was it made ?

- Infinix is a smartphone brand from Hong Kong, but most of its phones are designed in France and manufactured in China. Infinix was launched in 2013. The brand was created by Transsion Holdings, a Hong Kong-based company, and since then, it has become popular in regions such as Asia, Africa, and the Middle East for offering affordable smartphones with modern features.

2. Who benefits from its production and sale?

- The company (Infinix) – profits from the sale of phones worldwide.

- Factory workers in China – earn jobs and income by assembling and manufacturing phones.

- Retailers and distributors – such as phone shops and online stores in countries like Malaysia, earn money by selling Infinix phones.

- Consumers – benefit by getting an affordable smartphone with modern features.

- Local economies – benefit from business activity, taxes, and job opportunities created through sales and distribution.

3. How does globalization make the possible?

- Globalization allows Infinix smartphones to be created, manufactured, and sold worldwide. Through globalization, Infinix can design its phones in France, manufacture them in China, and sell them in many countries such as Malaysia, Nigeria, and Indonesia. International trade, advanced transportation, and online marketing help the company connect with suppliers, factories, and customers across different countries. This global network allows Infinix to offer affordable smartphones to people all over the world.

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1. Product and where it was made

This week I used a Realme Pad. It is made by the company Realme from China. The tablet was manufactured in China before it was sent to Malaysia to be sold.

2. Who benefits from it

Many people benefit from the Realme Tab.

The Realme company earns profit from selling it.

The factory workers in China get jobs and salaries.

The shops in Malaysia make money when they sell it.

I, as the user, benefit because I can use it for study, entertainment and communication.

3. How globalization made that possible

Globalization made it possible because countries are connected through trade and technology. Realme can produce the tablet in China and sell it in many countries like Malaysia. Shipping, online shopping, and international marketing help people around the world buy the same product easily.

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1. Where was it made?

- Hada Labo was created in Japan by the pharmaceutical company Rohto Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., which is based in Osaka.

- The brand was launched in 2004 and focuses on simple, effective skincare formulas that emphasize hydration, particularly through its signature ingredient, Super Hyaluronic Acid.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. gains profit and brand growth from local and international sales.

- Employees and distributors got a benefit through job opportunities in manufacturing, marketing, and retail.

- Retailers and pharmacies earn revenue by selling Hada Labo products in stores and online.

- Consumers got the benefit of getting affordable, high-quality skincare that improves skin hydration and health.

- Japanese economy gains from export earnings and global recognition of Japan’s skincare innovation.

3. How does globalization make that possible?

- Globalization makes Hada Labo’s success possible by allowing the brand to expand beyond Japan and reach international markets.

- Through global trade, digital marketing, and international distribution networks, Rohto Pharmaceutical can export its products worldwide and collaborate with global retailers.

- Communication and transportation make it easier to promote Japanese skincare trends and ship products efficiently.

- Social media and beauty influencers also help spread awareness of Hada Labo globally, creating strong demand in countries like Malaysia, Singapore and the United States.

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1. Where is the product made?

It is made by Johnson & Johnson, a company from the United States.

The product is manufactured in several countries, such as Thailand, Malaysia, and India.

This helps the company supply products faster and reduce cost in different regions.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

The company and employees benefit through profit and job opportunities.

Retailers and consumers gain income and enjoy safe, gentle baby care products.

The government benefits through tax revenue from the company’s business activities.

3. How does globalization make that possible?

Global trade allows Johnson’s products to be sold internationally.

Technology and communication make production and marketing more efficient.

Global branding helps build trust and recognition among consumers worldwide.

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1. Where was it made?

Shopee was made in Singapore.

It was launched in 2015.

Created by sea group a Singapore technology company.

Shopee’s headquarters are in Singapore.

2. Who Benefits from Shopee’s Production and Sales?

Consumers enjoy convenient online shopping anytime and anywhere.

Sellers can reach a larger customer base locally and internationally.

Sea Group gains profit through transaction fees, advertisements, and sales commissions.

Delivery Companies can increase experience demand due to the growth of online shopping.

3. How Globalization Made Shopee Possible?

Technological advancement and internet access enable Shopee to operate digitally across many countries.

Global trade allows sellers and buyers from different nations to connect easily.

International digital payment systems make cross-border transactions faster and safer.

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1. Where was it made?

Wardah skincare products are made in Indonesia by PT Paragon Technology and Innovation.

2. Who benefits from its production and sale?

- Local workers and manufacturers in Indonesia who produce and package the products.

- Suppliers and distributors in both Indonesia and other countries including Malaysia.

- Retailers like Watsons, Guardian and Shopee Malaysia that sell Wardah products.

- Consumers who get affordable, halal-certified skincare products suited for tropical climates.

3. How does globalization make that possible?

Globalization allows Wardah to expand beyond Indonesia through international trade, marketing and digital platforms. Because of global logistics, regional trade agreements and online shopping, Wardah products can be sold in Malaysia and other countries. It's also giving consumers more skincare choices while helping Indonesian brands grow internationally.

NUR RASYA ALEYA BINTI MOHD YUSRI A24A3417

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1. Product and Where It’s Made

BYD (Build Your Dreams) makes electric cars, buses, and batteries. Founded in China (Shenzhen, 1995).

Main factories: China, plus new ones in Thailand, Brazil, and plans in Europe.

2. Who Benefits BYD company → profits from global sales.

Workers → jobs in factories and R&D.

Suppliers → provide parts and materials.

Governments → gain taxes, investments, and cleaner transport.

Consumers & environment → affordable EVs and less pollution.

3. How Globalization Makes This Possible

Parts and raw materials come from many countries.

-BYD sells worldwide thanks to trade and global demand.

-Overseas factories lower costs and avoid tariffs.

-Technology and investment flow across borders.

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1. Where was it made?
Netflix was created and founded in the United States, with its headquarters in Los Gatos, California.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?
Many people benefit from Netflix’s services such as filmmakers, actors, production companies, software engineers and employees who work behind the scenes. At the same time, consumers around the world also benefit because they get access to a wide variety of movies and series from different countries.

3. How does globalization make that possible?
Globalization allows Netflix to distribute content internationally through the internet and digital platforms. It helps the company reach audiences from different parts of the world, collaborate with global creators, and share diverse cultures through entertainment.

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1. This week, I used Samsung smartphone, which is a product from South Korea.

2. -The company (Samsung) earns profit from selling the product.

-Employees and factory workers in South Korea and other countries earn salaries from making and assembling the phones.

-Retailers and distributors in Malaysia also earn money by selling the phones to customers.

-Consumers like me benefit by having access to advanced technology that makes communication easier.

3. -Samsung can manufacture parts in different countries and sell its products worldwide.

-International trade agreements make it easier to import and export goods.

-Global communication and transportation networks help companies manage worldwide production and delivery efficiently.

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1. Product and where it's made.

My choice is Nike sport shoes. Nike is an American brand, but most of its sneakers are produced in Vietnam. Nike has hundreds of factories in Asia, Latin America, and other developing countries where production costs are lower.

2. Who benefits from its production and sales?

- Nike gains profits and expands its global market share.

- Workers in countries like Vietnam get job opportunities and stable income.

- Consumers worldwide: Can purchase high-quality sneakers at affordable prices.

- Host countries gain from foreign investment, job creation, and technology transfer.

3. How does globalization make this possible?

Globalization enables Nike’s worldwide operations by reducing trade barriers and improving communication, transportation, and manufacturing. It connects suppliers, producers, and consumers globally, allowing Nike to design in the U.S., produce in countries like Vietnam, and sell worldwide—achieving cost savings, efficiency, and wider market reach.

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1. Where was it made?

Toyota is a Japanese brand. Most Toyota vehicles are manufactured in Japan, but some are assembled in countries such as Thailand, the United States, and Malaysia.

2. Who benefits from its production and sale?

- Toyota earns profits from the sale of its vehicles.

- Workers at its factories and dealerships earn jobs and income.

- Suppliers from various countries provide components such as tires, glass, and electronics.

- Consumers benefit from having reliable, fuel-efficient everyday vehicles.

3. How has globalization make this possible?

Globalization has enabled Toyota to open factories in many countries, source auto parts from global suppliers, and sell its vehicles worldwide. Trade agreements and improved transportation and communications have made it easier for Toyota to enter international markets.

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🍎 1. Product and Where It Was Made

Product: iPhone 📱
Made by: Designed in California, USA 🇺🇸, and assembled by Foxconn in Zhengzhou, China 🇨🇳.
Its parts come from a global network of suppliers:

⚙️ Processor (Chip): Apple (USA) & TSMC (Taiwan 🇹🇼)

📸 Camera Modules: Japan 🇯🇵 & South Korea 🇰🇷

💻 Display Screen: Samsung & LG (South Korea 🇰🇷)

🌍 2. Who Benefits from Its Production and Sale

The iPhone supports a global ecosystem of beneficiaries:

👥 Consumers: Enjoy advanced technology that connects them to the world.

💰 Apple Shareholders: Gain profits as the company grows and stock value increases.

🚀 3. How Globalization Makes This Possible

Globalization powers the iPhone’s success through:

🌐 Free Trade & Low Tariffs: Parts move easily across borders, keeping prices fair.

🔗 Global Supply Chains: Each country specializes—chips in Taiwan, screens in Korea—for quality and cost efficiency.

💬 Global Communication: Teams in the USA and China collaborate instantly via the internet and cloud systems.

Think Different. 🍏
Made possible by the world, for the world. 🌎✨