# data[].attributes.body
1) usually olives are harvested using special machanical machines even if this operation can be done using hands.
2)despite olives are shredded,they need to be pressed to collect the oil.
3)oil is obtained thanks to the process of squeezing
4)farmers can choose either collect oil with water and than separate them, or decide to separate them immediately.
5) oil should(n't )be collected neither in rusty containers nor in dirty containers.
6) grapes can be collected thanks to special machines
7)grapes Can be both Black and White
8) grapes are put in fermentation containers in order to produce wine as a results of the process of fermentation.
9)juice that came from marces can be also used to produce vinegar and grappa, futhermore marces can be used like organic fertilizer.
10)olives and grapes are cold pressed to avoid organoleptic changes
11)vinegar Is cooked without boiling so that it can be formed a creamy and sweet substance.
12)must become vinegar owing to the contact with air.
13) balsamic vinegar is exported for 90% although  it is produced in Italy
14) balsamic vinegar obtain (is) its special taste (on account of ) thanks to selected bacteria
15) balsamic vinegar is used to flavour vegetables and meat and in addition also fruit and Fish.
8.5

# data[].attributes.body
1 Black root is a kind of disease which can affect grape plant ????
2 Grapes are smashed in order to produce wine
3 Wine plant can die because of phylloxera or black root
4 Some kind of grapes are used to produce vinegar
5 Grape plant can grow in the Mediterranean areas and even in America or England
6 Olives are smashed in order to produce oil
7 Olive oil can be made by using the classic method or even the modern one
8 Virgin and extra virgin oil can be both used for recipes in kitchen
9 Moreover the production of oil is very important for italian economy
10 Wine Taste is given cause of wood
11 Wine can be wasted because of  bad fermentation
12 Balsamic vinegar has (his)its own specific taste
13 Fermentation is important for taste and either for alcoholic amount in wine
14 There are different kinds of wine grapes, moreover there are kind of  grapes good to be eaten
15 Olive tree is cultivated in the Mediterranean area for its climate
8

# data[].attributes.body
1 Black root is a kind of disease which can affect grape plant
2 Grapes are smashed in order to produce wine
3 Wine plant can die because of phylloxera or black root
4 Some kind of grapes are used to produce vinegar
5 Grape plant can grow in the Mediterranean areas and even in America or England
6 Olives are smashed in order to produce oil
7 Olive oil can be made by using the classic method or even the modern one
8 Virgin and extra virgin oil can be both used for receips in kitchen
9 Moreover the production of oil is very important for italian economy
10 Wine Taste is given cause of wood
11 Wine can be wasted because of  bad fermentation
12 Balsamic vinegar has his own specific taste
13 Fermentation is important for taste and either for alcoholic amount in wine
14 There are different kind of wine grapes, moreover there are kind of  grapes good to be eaten
15 Olive tree is cultivated in Mediterranean area for its climate

9

# data[].attributes.body
1) The most important vine disease is phylloxera even if there are other diseases such as peronospora. (  downey mildew)
2) Extra virgin olive oil is used both for cooking and storing food.
3) The flavour of vinegar can develop thanks to the phase of maturation.
4) Olives are pressed in order to obtain oil.
5) Although there are many different types of oil, the basic steps for making olive oil are always the same.
6) The leaves of grapes can be damaged both by insects and fungus diseases.
7) The barrels are made with different woods so that each type of wood helps characterize the vinegar.
8) In the winter season both the pruning and the positioning of manure at the base of the vineyard take place.
9) Farmers who use neither fallow nor crop rotation cause serious damage to the soil.
10) Although many regions in Italy produce olive oil, Puglia is the one that produces the most.
11) For preventing grape phylloxera the usual remedy is grafting the European vine on an American rootstock.
12) The proliferation of diseases such as black rot is due to humidity conditions.
13) Thanks to its flavor, balsamic vinegar can be used on both salty and sweet foods.
14) Although there are many varieties of balsamic vinegar, the Modena one is considered the best.
15) Despite having some negative aspects, manual harvesting is still the most used method for collecting olives.

# data[].attributes.body
1. A vineyard is a plot of land where vines are grown in order to provide wine.
2. Sugars accumulate in large quantities in the fruit during the final month or so of fruit development.
3. One of the most important diseases of the vine is grape phylloxera.???
4. Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects many species of plants.
5. The ideal soil for a vineyard should be placed in full sunlight.?????
6. Olive oil is the product of the flesh of the fruit of the olive tree.
7. Extra-virgin oil is obtained from the first mechanical pressing.
8. Olive trees grow for several years before they produce olives.????
9. Extra-virgin oil is the best fat used by human organism.?????
10. When olives ripen, they must be harvested before
they fall from the trees.????
11. Balsamic vinegar of Modena is obtained from partially fermented, cooked or concentrated grape must.?????
12. The preparation of balsamic vinegar takes place with the classic acetification method.?????
13. Refinement takes place inside barrels, vats, fine wood, such as oak, chestnut, oak, mulberry and juniper.
14. Balsamic vinegar is subjected to an aging period.?????
15. Today there are two types of certified balsamic vinegar, the DOP and the IGP.????

The homework was to invent sentences about the topics you've studied using link words  5

# data[].attributes.body
1)I use oil even thought  I(i )don't like it
2)Extra virgin oil is produced despite there (being ) is the normal one
3)the oil is used (to) for seasoning the salad
4)A press is used in order to crush the olives
5)Oil is stored in glass bottles so that it doesn't go wrong
1)I drink (v)wine even though(t )(i)I don't like it
2)i I like to drink wine even if it gives me to the head
3) wine is used for (cocking) cooking
4) the wine is produced in order to produce  grapes
5))the screw because of insect can die)????? In cacciavite può morire a causa degli insetti
1)balsamic vinegar is used (to)  for seasoning the meet per condire l'incontro????
2) the barrel can be made (whit ) with different types of wood, in order to get a different aroma
3)balsamic vinegar is both sweet and sour
4)balsamic vinegar is also used on sweets
5)i I use(d) balsamic vinegar even though(t) i don't like it
4

# data[].attributes.body
1)Olives are pressed in order to obtain olive(s) oil
2) you can either harvest Olives by hand or use specific machines
3)in wine production the  fermentation Is very important because It permits the the absorption of grape's skin substances
4) the fermentation can be made both in steel tanks and inside barrels for a better wine
5) there could be vine growth's damage as a consequence of black rot , spring frost or fungus diseases
6) a good soil for vine  production (can't ) should be neither  dry nor  placed in a cold zone
7) the most important vine disease Is phylloxera , even if there are other diseases such as black rot or peronospora (downey mildew)
8) black rot('s) proliferates because of wet conditions
9) wine Is produced thanks to grape fermentation
10) Olives tree can be cultivated in the mediterranean area thanks to its climate conditions
11) Olive(s) oil can't be added with any additives despite someone tried to cheat on It
12) from grapes we can obtain both wine and vinegar
13) the flavours of vinegar can develop thanks to the phase of maturation
14) the vinegar's flavours Is also due to the type of woods with whom the barrels are made
15) olive oil can be used for cooking, moreover they can also be used for food conservation
7

# data[].attributes.body
-(the oil is produced only on the Mediterranean coasts).

-(the oil is obtained from the pressing of (the) olives).

-(olive oil is obtained through a completely mechanized process).

-(extra virgin olive oil is obtained in a single process).

-the oil must (not) neither be impure or contain toxins.

-for the production of wine both red and white grapes are used.

-in summer it is easier for (there) plants to be attack(s)ed by parasites and animals.

-(for the maceration in red, the marc and pips must be removed).

-white wine ferments in barrels called "barrique"

-the vine soil should not be too fertile.

-the balsamic vinegar on the market is almost all Italian.

-balsamic vinegar was invented in Modena in the twentieth century.

-the cost of balsamic vinegar can reach very high prices.

-balsamic vinegar can rise or sweeten foods.

-the most valuable balsamic vinegars are those of Modena and Trebbiano.
Alberto you should have used link words. This was the aim of the homework 5

# data[].attributes.body
wine

1. The leaves of grapes can be damaged both by insect and fungus diseases.

2. A good soil is important in order to allow the right air circulation, root penetration and heat retention.

3. White wine and red whine have the same processing despite in the white wine the pips and the skins are removed after crushing and destemming.

4.  In winter there is  (are the) pruning that removes the 85% of the wood, moreover in this season they also place (the )manure along vine base.

5. To convert light into sugar (is important) both light and co2 and water are important

Olive oil

6.  Olive are (harvesting) harvested  either by hands or with mechanized system.

7. Olive are press(ing)ed to get olive oil.

8. The olive tree is cultivat(ing)ed in costal areas of the Mediterranean areas because of (there are )the perfect environmental conditions for the growth of this plant.

9. For extra olive oil you can’(t) change neither the taste nor the aroma and colour with additives.

10.The extra virgin oil is used in cooking and preservation of food, in addition it is the best fat used for human organism.

Balsamic vinegar

11.Traditional vinegar is born in Modena; besides it is considered superior to any other vinegar.

12.Balsamic vinegar is the result of  squeezing (squeeze )overripe Trebbiano grapes gently.

13.The stage of maturation is essential owing to the formation of typical flavours.

14.balsamic vinegar is both used in salty and sweet foods.

15.The barrel can be made (whit)  with different types of wood, besides each type of wood helps to characterize the vinegar.
6

# data[].attributes.body
1) Grapes are grown in most areas of the world that have a mediterranean climate and even in a temperate areas like southern England, central Germany and Hungary.
2) Grapes are mostly pressed with their stems, which are discarded with all other solid matter (pips and skins) immediately afterwards, in the case of light wines.???
3) yeasts are killed by alcohol when It goes over 15 °C, thus leaving some sugar in the wine.
4) The balsamic vinegar is not only the most ancient and authentic tradition of Modena, but also the most appreciated by the D' Este dukes.
5) Although balsamic vinegar of Modena is as good as other types of vinegar, it has been considered as liquid gold.
6) The olives are immediately transported to the oil mill where the following processes take place: cleansing and washing.???
7) when olives ripen, they must be harvested before they fall from the trees, in addition we must pay attention(s) to the rains.
8) Olives harvesting can be done in different ways, for example by hand and also with mechanized systems.
9) Farmers use organic methods also to protect the fruit from chemical pollution.
10) the aim of producers must therefore be the improvement and the safeguard of quality, which must satisfy 3 principale: hygienic, nutritional and finally organoleptic principle.
11) There is fermentation both in red wine's production and white wine' s production.
12) The harvesting of grapes is made not only in autumn, but also in the last days of Summer, due to the existence of early varieties of grapes.????
13) extra virgin oil and virgin oil are similar despite (for) a small  difference in the operations.
14) the best varieties of olives are selected on the spot and placed into large boxes. After that, olives are transported to the oil mill.
15) Vineyard can be cultivated in climate similar to Mediterranean one, in a well drained soil and last but not least, in a soil with a good air circulation.
7+

# data[].attributes.body
1.      To produce the oil both the cold method and the (calso) method can be used.

2.      The oil is produced only in the Mediterranean areas because they have an ideal climate.

3.      Extra virgin oil and virgin oil are similar despite the difference in operations.

4.      The oil must (not )have (both) neither toxic (and)  nor contaminating substances.

5.      Both extra virgin and virgin oil are used in the kitchen for cooking.

6.      Fermentation is an important moment for wine because there must be a constant temperature.

7.      Moreover the vines are very important in Italy.

8.      The soil suitable for the vine is neither fertile nor poorly ventilated.

9.      Vintage is the first step in making wine in addi(c)tion  it takes place in the autumn.

10.   Phylloxera can be prevented thanks to grafting

11.   Balsamic vinegar is considered to be both  a kingly gift and the liquid gold.

12.   Balsamic vinegar is considered superior to all other products, besides  it is called the liquid gold.

13.   Fermentation takes place in wooden either oak or chestnut or mulberry barrels.

14.   Balsamic vinegar is both sweet and sour.

15.   Wood is important because it gives the flavor (of ) to balsamic vinegar.

# data[].attributes.body
·         We crush the olives to have (the) oil

·         The extra virgin olive oil is obtained thanks to a single processing

·         We don't have to use toxic substances for  having a great oil

·         For olives’ harvesting we use either men’s work or we use machines.

·         Oil is filtered in order to maintain the natural acidity

·         We separate the skins and the pips to get a white wine

·         Although we want to get a white wine, we do a maceration with the skin of the grapes in order to obtain a high quality wine

·         Due to a delayed harvest the grapes (is ) are high in sugar

·         We join wines from different barrels to get more harmonized product

·         A soil for the vine doesn't have to be very fertile besides it has to be (draining) drained

·         Balsamic vinegar was born in Modena, moreover  it dates back to the eleventh century

·         Balsamic vinegar is considered superior to any other vinegar thanks to the fact that it can be used in every dish

·         This vinegar is obtained due to the cooking of (the )grapes

·         Ageing is done to distinguish balsamic vinegar from any other vinegar

·         The barrels are made with different types of wood in order to be able to get a different aroma of vinegar
8

# data[].attributes.body
·       In autumn, (happens )both the pruning and the settling down for winter. happen

·       Although many countries produce olive oil, the majority of products are produced in Italy.

·       Olive oil is obtained thanks to pressing the paste, that is placed in different layers between partitions.

·       A vineyard is a land where vines are grown in order to obtain wine.

·       The soil for a vineyard should neither  be in full shade, nor badly ventilated.

·       Balsamic vinegar goes well both  with meat and fish.

·       Usually, for withe wine, (doesn’t happens the) ageing doesn't happen , instead for red wine (happens) (the )ageing occurs.

·       Different barrels, allow(s) to maintain all characteristics of baslamic vinegar.

·       Despite a wine plant, is attacked by the Powdery Mildew, it is easy to spot.

·       Wine plant can die because of Black rot.

·       Olive trees are cultivated especially in Mediterranean basin, thanks to environment and climate.

·       Olive are washed in order to clean them and separate(d) leaves and branches from the (friut).fruit

·       The must is obtained by squeezing Trebbiano grapes.

·       Italy is the first olive oil producer, moreover Puglia, is the principal region for production.

·       You can eat all food either with balsamic vinegar, or without balsamic vinegar.
6

# data[].attributes.body
Carlotta Moreschi

1.       There is fermentation both in wine and in vinegar

2.       In Vineyard you produce either red or white wine

3.       There are different methods to produce olive oil

4.       The sugar of the grapes is obtained thanks to a late harvest

5.       Despite the sour flavour vinegar is used in many dishes

6.       Wood casks are more used then iron casks, furthermore they give more flavour

7.       Olive oil is used to preserve canned vegetables and fish

8.       Grapes grow(s) in many locations, despite this starting in a vineyard is no small task locations

9.       Harvest must be done before it rains, or as a consequence you can’t produce olive oil

10.   Fermentation happens because of the chemical processes

11.   The balsamic vinegar is considered superior because it has a good flavour

12.   Balsamic vinegar is used on, salad besides on ice-cream and fruit

13.   Due to a bad care of the plants, philloxera can damage them

14.   Since it is very appreciated, vinegar can be very expensive

15.   harvesting is done as a  result of ripeness of grapes
7.5

# data[].attributes.body
1) usually olives are harvested using special machanical machines even if this operation can be done using hands
2)despite olives are shredded, they need to be pressed to collect all the oil.
3)oil is obtained thanks to the process of sqeezing.
4) farmers can choose either collect oil with water and than separate them, or decide to devide them immediatly.
5)oil shouldn't be collected neither in rusty containers nor in dirty containers.
6)grapes can be collected thanks to special machines.
7) grapes can be both black and white
8)grapes are put in fermentation containers in order to produce wine as a results of the process of fermentation.
9)juice that came from marces can be also used to produce  grappa, futhermore marced can be used like organic fertilizer.
10) olives and grapes are cold pressed to avoid organoleptic changes.
11)vinegar is cooked without boiling so that It can be formed a creamy and sweet substance.
12)must become vinegar owing to the contact with air.
13) balsamic vinegar is exported for 90% although is produced in Italy
14) balsamic vinegar obtain is special taste on account of selected bacteria.
15)balsamic vinegar is used to flavour vegetable and meat, in addition also fruit and fish.

# data[].attributes.body
The olive are pressed to produce olive oil.

Olive oil (are use)is used  both for coocking and (preservation) preserving  food.

Even if the olives are pressed several times, only the oil of the first pressing is called virgin oil.

Olive oil is controlled in order to avoid the presence the toxic elements.

The olive harvest can be done either by hand or mechanically.

The sugar produced by the grapes vines is required both for the life processes and for the growth of leaves, ste(a)ms, roots and fruits.

In winter the vine must be pruned, so that the quality of the grapes is improved.

If the insects attack the leaves, the fruit will be less large due to the reduction of photosynthesis.

In summer there is a high attack rate both by animals and parasites.

For the production of white wine the maceration must be short.

Trebbiano grapes are used to produce balsamic vinegar.

Balsamic vinegar is good with both meat and vegetables.

The flavour of the balsamic vinegar (are) is obtained thanks to the different types of wood used in (make ) making the barrels.

The flavour of balsamic vinegar is a balance between sweet and sour  as a consequence of the long maturation.

The trebbiano grapes (for) first are (squeezing )squeezed then (in addition )are (coocking.)cooked

# data[].attributes.body
·We crush the olives to have the oil

·The extra virgin olive oil is obtained thanks to a single processing

·We don't have to use toxic substances for  having a great oil

·For olives’ harvesting we use either men’s work or we use machines.

·Oil is filtered in order to maintain the natural acidity

·We separate the skins and the pips to get a white wine

·Although we want to get a white wine, we do a maceration with the skin of the grapes in order to obtain a high quality wine

·Due to a delayed harvest the grapes is high in sugar

·We join wines from different barrels to get more harmonize product

·A soil for the vine doesn't have to be very fertile besides it has to be draining

· Balsamic vinegar was born in Modena, moreover dates back to the eleventh century

·Balsamic vinegar is considered superior to any other vinegar thanks to the fact that it can be used in every dish

·This vinegar is obtained due to the cooking of the grapes

· Ageing is done to distinguish balsamic vinegar from any other vinegar

· The barrels are made with different types of wood in order to be able to get a different aroma of vinegar