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Cet épisode n'était pas attendu car le directeur que Bernard allait rentrer de la réserve avec Linda et encore moins avec un enfant qui est le sien. Cela va modifier la suite car Bernard ne sera pas renvoyer et il va devenir important dans la société grâce a John.

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Ce chapitre est comique car , l'administrateur veut sanctionner Bernard Marx car , il met en danger la société . "Il dirigea sur Bernard un doight accusateur" Ceci est comique car Bernard est le DIC

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La mort de Linda est vécu par elle même car elle a pris du soma donc cela la fait qu'elle meurt .
Des réactions qui sont triste ils sont énervé que à la simple pensé que le soma est du poison .

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1)John refuse de sortir de la chambre  car il lit un livre est ce livre un livre qui parle de "bonheur" .cela prouve sur ces sentiments qu'il cherche le bonheur .
2)Les attitudes des invités de Bernard , ils affichent du mépris .La raison c'est qu'il le voyaient heureux .
3)Mustapha ne veut pas le publier car ce livre dont il est question parle de bonheur .

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1)La phrase que John ne cesse de se répéter est《Ô nouveau monde admirable.
On a l'impression qu'il en présence d'un rituel où des personnes qui invoque
La narrateur montre l'horreur de la scène en nous mettant à la place de John qui et en est témoin《riant comme des démons, ils avaient insisté sur la saleté vile, la laideur nauséabonde de ce cauchemar》.

2)John décide de prendre la parole car alors qu'il assiste à une distribution de soma à des Deltas dans les couloirs de l’hôpital que le Soma c'est du Poison car à cause de cela Linda est morte .

3)La réaction de Halmotz c'est qu'il vient lui prêter main forte  et la réaction de Bernard idem .
Le trait de caractère que cela nous montre c'est qu'ils seront là toujours pour chacun d'eux même dans les moments difficiles.
Cette révolte est arrêter par les policiers qui eux injectent du soma dans l'air pour les endormir et les en menés . Les aspects comiques c'est le fait qu'il se révolte en frappants les Deltas et le fait aussi de jeter le soma en dehors du bâtiments.

4) Pour les individus ce monde est stable où "tout est pour le mieux das le meilleur des mondes" (référence à la phrase philosophique de Voltaire), tout va tellement bien dans ce monde qu'il ignore que la mort peut arriver à tout moments et qu'il en oubli même la passion et la vieillesse.
On leur fait accepter de consommer de la drogue "légale" (soma) 《il y a toujourstoujours le soma qui vous permet de prendre un congé, de vous évader de la réalité.》et 《Et il y a toujours le soma pour calmer votre colère, pour vous reconcilieravec vos ennemis, pour vous rendre patient et vous aider à supporter les ennuis.》.
On leur supprime sans s'en rendre compte le droit d'être triste 《se débarasser de tout ce qui est désagréable, au lieu d'apprendre à s'en accommoder.》, le droit d'aimer quelqu'un , en bref être malheureux et amoureux est "interdit".

5)Je pense que la vérité est parfois dure à entendre et que la science est dangereuse car ça peut tuer, entraîne des conséquences.

6)la guerre de neuf ans est une guerre qui a durée 9 ans qui s'est déroulée en Amérique du Sud et en Asie.
La valeur qui a été érigé en valeur absolue est la liberté
Les deux autres valeurs au détriment sont là noblesse et l'héroïsme.

7)Helmoltz veut partir vers les îles Falklands qui se trouve en Islande en compagnie de Bernard.
John réclame le droit d'être malheureux car il trouve que la civilisation veut se débarrasser des choses désagréables, ce qui veut dire qu'il doit ressentir la douleur et toutes les mauvaises choses et il obtient de Mustapha Meunier le "grand coeur" et le droit d'être malheureux.
Ce qui vient le perturber c'est les hélicoptères qui viennent l'observer comme étant une bête sauvage et un reporter l'a filmé elan train de se flageller et en a fait un film appelé《le sauvage de Surrey》qui a rencontré un grand succès.

8)Le fait de repenser à Lenina le rend fou alors il se flagelle lui-même
La réaction des "civilisés" est surprenante car un des reporter le filme en train de se flageller et il en a fait un film, il font passer le sauvage pour une bête de foire, comme un spectacle.
Ils viennent chercher le "sauvage".

9)John se suicide car après avoir attaqué Lénine en compagnie d'Henry, il se sentait dégouté de ce qu'il a fait et s'est pendu le lendemain dans la cage d'escalier du phare.

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Chapitre 10 :
1)  Ce chapitre est à la fois dramatique et comique car le directeur s’apprête à faire un exemple en public , il sanctionna Bernard Marx devant les collaborateurs du centre mais la démonstration se retourne contre le directeur car Bernard fait entrer Linda qui saute au coup de son ancien amant par la suite John se met à genoux devant le directeur en l'appelant <<père >> les rires éclatèrent et le directeur humilié pris la fuite .

2)Non cet épisode n'étais pas du tout attendu , cela vas montrer dans la suite du récit  la démission du directeur à cause de cette humiliation .

3)Champ lexical du dégoût et de la laideur :
-pénible , subversif , conspirateur , bouffie , douleur atroce , monstrueuse, répugnant ...  .

Chapitre 11 :
1) Linda est pestiférée car le simple fait d’être une mère est une obscénité . Les projets qu'ils ont pour John il n'en a aucun , Bernard Marx réagit de façon plutôt positive car il demande à Lénina d’emmener John au cinéma .Les autres pensent que son attitude est correcte et Mustapha Menier essaye de le priver de bonheur .

2)Les choses différentes montrées à John sont  les documentaires le fait que les Indiens des réserves et leur mode de vie sont la  risée des étudiants et que  quand il vas au cinéma , il trouve que le film est une horreur alors qu'au contraire Lénina l'apprécie. Il réagit de manière surprise .

3) Lénina veut faire" l'amour avec John" , elle est euphorique . Elle l'aime de plus en plus au fil du temps , John veut rentrer chez lui car le film le dégoûte . John n'éprouve rien pour elle  .
(en groupe précision des sentiments et les buts de chacun ).

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Chapitre 10

Ce chapitre est en même temps dramatique et comique par la réaction des personnages. Montrez en quoi.

Cet épisode était-il attendu ? Que va-t-il modifier dans la suite du récit ?

Relevez le champ lexical du dégoût et de la laideur.

Chapitre 11

Que devient Linda ? Quels projets a-t-on pour John ? Comment réagit Bernard à sa soudaine notoriété ? Que pensent les autres de son attitude ? En particulier Mustapha Menier.

Quelles sont les différentes choses montrées à John au cours du chapitre ? Comment réagit-il ?

Que veut Lenina ? Qu'éprouve-t-elle pour John ? Que veut ce dernier ? Qu'éprouve-t- il pour Lenina ? Essayer d'être précis dans la manière de nommer les sentiments et les buts de chacun.

Chapitre 12

Pourquoi John refuse-t-il de sortir de la chambre ? Que lit-il ? Qu'est ce que cela prouve sur ses sentiments ?

Quelle attitude les invités de Bernard ont-ils à son égard ? Pour quelle raison étaient ils alors gentils avec lui ?

Pourquoi Mustapha Menier ne veut-il pas publier le livre dont il est question ?

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Les deux choses qui ont été interdites d'enseigner sont :
-l'enseignement par le sommeil.
-le systèmes des classes .
L'amour est un sentiment qui est mal vue et pire éprouver des sentiments pour une autre personne mais aussi avoir des enfants.
Dans le livre les enfants apprennent les jeux érotiques.

La chose positive qui est vécue comme quelque chose d’obscène pour les personnages du romans c'est le fait qu'ils consomment du soma, une drogue "légale".

Les sentiments "bonheur" et "plaisir" sont remplacés par "écœuré" et "relations exclusives" . Je pense qu'ils font ça juste pour se divertir entre eux et que l'amour n'existe pas entre eux, il n'y a pas de sentiments car c'est mal vue et le narrateur est neutre en racontant l'histoire . La société actuelle peut être critiquée par cette constatation.

Ce qu'il y a de choquant dans cette phrase c'est qu'il contrôle les populations humaines en faisant un tri génétique des caractéristiques humaines et sont classés dans différentes castes (voir les castes en haut).

Bernard Marx est différend des autres personnages Alpha-plus car il n'accepte pas les relations intimes et il est beaucoup plus réceptif au niveau des autres personnages dans ce chapitre , l'autre personnage qui semble décalé c'est Henry Foster .
Je ne sais pas combien y a t-il de scènes mise en parallèle dans ce chapitre .

Pourquoi détruire les musées, les livres et la culture générale ,  car ils veulent vivre dans une dictature parfaite qui aurait les apparences d'une démocratie en gros  une sortie de  prison ou on ne voudrait pas s'enfuir .Cette société marche sur des principes de la dictature qui prennent en apparence les principes démocratiques ,un système d'esclavage ou, grâce à la consommation (soma=drogue) et au divertissement , les esclaves " auraient l'amour de leur servitude ".
Ford et l'état mondial remplacent les chefs du monde ( en gros ).

Thermes moraux et politiques :
-consommation
-divertissement
-castes (inferieure et supérieure)
-État
-politique économique
-Ford
-démocratie
-libéralisme
-le Parlement
-liberté

Le narrateur veut nous faire réfléchir sur le fait que même dans le meilleur des mondes tout n'est pas parfait, il peut y avoir des avantages mais aussi des inconvénients comme le fait que la population est divisée en plusieurs castes et que certaines castes sont comparés comme soit disant plus intelligentes que d'autres, ils consomment un peu trop de drogue malgré que ce soit "légale". Ils ne peuvent pas exprimée leurs sentiments sans être mal vue. En gros rien ne peut être parfait, malgré ce qu'on pense il y aura toujours des bonnes et des mauvaises choses.

(en groupe)

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Chapitre 1 --> les embryons

> Groupe 2

Répondre aux questions

Où (pays, ville, lieu)

Quand

Qui est présent

De quoi est-il question (thème du chapitre)?

Comment cela se passe (étapes, différenciation, faites un tableau des étapes pour chaque groupe différencie : fécondation et œuf, croissance) ?

Comment sont considérés les êtres humains ? L'importance de leur vie (exemple du tremblement de terre au Japon ...)

À quoi sont successivement comparés les humains dans leur maturation ? Comment obtient-on des êtres Epsilon ou Gamma ? Qu'en pensez-vous ?

Les humains sont conditionnés dès leur maturation ? Comment le directeur définit -il le conditionnement ? Les être humains ne sont alors pas éduqués, quel mot plus choquant emploie le narrateur ? Qu'en pensez-vous ?

Relevez une dizaine de termes scientifiques :  à quoi servent-ils dans ce chapitre.

Chapitre 2 et 3 : les enfants
-> Groupe 1

Que pensez-vous de la manière de conditionner les bébés Delta ? Justifiez votre réponse. Par quel moyen le narrateur cherche-y-il à provoquer une réaction chez les lecteurs (mots employés, contrastes entre ce qui se produit et les réactions des personnages, valeurs défendues).

Dans le conditionnement au sport qu'est-ce qui importe au final ? Dans la société contemporaine, à quoi cela vous fait-il penser ? Donnez des analogies (toujours pour le sport, par exemple)

À quoi sert l'hypnopédie ? Sur quoi se base-t-elle pou que chaque enfant veuille rester dans sa classe sociale ? À quelles valeurs que vous apprenez en EMC ces méthodes s'opposent-elles ?

Selon la fin du chapitre à quoi ce conditionnement sert-il ? Comment nommeriez-vous ces procédés si vous en étiez témoins ?

NOUS 😉 groupe 6

Quelles sont les deux choses qui ont été interdites d'enseigner ? Faites une première hypothèse sur les raisons.

L'évocation de quelle chose positive est vécue comme quelque chose d'obscène pour les personnages du roman ?

- Jusque Ici //

Par quoi les sentiments sont-ils remplacés pour provoquer "bonheur" et "plaisir" (deux éléments) ? Que pensez-vous de cela ? En quoi la société actuelle peut-elle être critiquée par cette constatation ?

Qu'y a-t-il de choquant dans la sentence répétée 70 000 fois : "mais chacun appartient à tous les autres."

En quoi Bernard Max est-il différent des autres personnages Alpha-plus ? Quel autre personnage semble un peu décalé ?

(Combien de scènes sont traitées en parallèle dans le chapitre ?) répondre ensemble

Pourquoi détruire les musées, les livres, la culture en général ? Que remplacent Ford et l'Etat Mondial ? Sur quels principes marche cette société ?

Relevez une dizaine des termes moraux et politiques ? Sur quoi veut nous faire réfléchir le narrateur ?

Chapitre 4-5 : deux hommes borderline et une société optimisée
-> Groupe 3

Relevez les éléments futuristes de ces chapitres. En quoi s'appuient-ils sur les éléments connus dans les années 30.

Certains de ces éléments vous semblent-ils dépassés ? Par quoi les remplaceriez-vous ?

En quoi Bernard Max et Helmolz Watson sont-ils différents des autres ? Quel prise de conscience commune cela a-il permis chez eux ?

Comment la ville est elle organisée. De quels deux bâtiments nous parle-t-on le plus au chapitre 5. Comment sont donc considérés les êtres vivants, humains compris. Que doivent-ils être avant tout pour la société ?

Relevez, dans le chapitre 5 les mots qui appartiennent au conditionnement hypnopédique.

Quel produit déjà rencontré prennent-ils pour avoir une sensation de bonheur ?

Lors de là cérémonie des Office de solidarité à quelles différentes idées porte-t-on une santé ? Que boit-on ? Comment se termine la cérémonie ?

Quel est le seul personnage qui ne semble pas entrer en transe, pourquoi selon vous ?

En quoi son attitude est elle-particulière lors de la journée avec Lenina ? Comment interprétez-vous la phrase : « Je préfère être moi-même, dit-il, moi-même et désagréable. Et non un autre, quelque gai qu'il soit. »

Groupe 4

Chapitre 6 -7 - 8

Relevez les éléments futuristes du chapitre

Que sont les réserves à sauvages ? Qui sont John et Linda ? Après tout ce temps Linda a-t-elle été déconditionnée ? Par contre, qu'est-ce qui a changé chez elle ?Justifiez vos réponses.

Qu'est-ce qui dégoûte Lénina dans le pueblo (village)

Comment Linda et John ont-ils été intégrés dans le village ? Pour quelles raisons ? Donnez les différents indices qui vous le montrent.

>Groupe 5

Comment décrit-elle le monde "civilisé" ? Donnez des exemples précis qui montrent l'opinion qu'elle s'en fait au chapitre 8. À qui fait-elle cette description.

Quel livre est une révélation pour John, pourquoi ? De quand date-t-il ? À quoi lui sert ce livre ?

Quels sont les différents apprentissages que fait John grâce à Mitsima, lequel lui est interdit ? Que Découvre-t-il alors ? Qu'est-ce qui le rapproche de Bernard ? À

Chapitre 9

Quels sont les deux éléments essentiels du récit au chapitre 9 ? Expliquez en quoi ils seront importants pour la suite du récit.

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Dans cette utopie, la population est regroupée dans différentes castes, je vais, ici, faire un résumer des castes dans l'ordre décroissant :
- Les Alphas  ( symbole = α  )
- Les Bétas ( symbole = β )
- Les Gammas ( symbole = γ)
- Les Deltas ( symbole = Δ)
- Les Epsilons ( symbole = Ε )

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Les personnages principaux, que nous découvrons au fur et à mesure de l'avancé du livre sont, dans la grande majorité des cas, des références à des personnages réels ou ayant exister.
Par exemple, Lénina, une infirmière, dont le nom est une référence au personnages fondateur du communisme Russe, Lénine.

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Brave New World is a dystopian novel by English author Aldous Huxley, written in 1931 and published in 1932. Largely set in a futuristic World State, whose citizens are environmentally engineered into an intelligence-based social hierarchy, the novel anticipates huge scientific advancements in reproductive technology, sleep-learning, psychological manipulation and classical conditioning that are combined to make a dystopian society which is challenged by the story's protagonist. Huxley followed this book with a reassessment in essay form, Brave New World Revisited (1958), and with his final novel, (1962), the utopian counterpart. This novel is often compared as an inversion counterpart to George Orwell's (1949).

In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Brave New World at number 5 on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. In 2003, Robert McCrum, writing for The Observer, included Brave New World chronologically at number 53 in "the top 100 greatest novels of all time", and the novel was listed at number 87 on The Big Read survey by the BBC. Brave New World has frequently been banned and challenged since its original publication. It has landed on the American Library Association list of top 100 banned and challenged books of the decade since the association began the list in 1990.

The title Brave New World derives from Miranda's speech in William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Act V, Scene I:

O wonder!
How many goodly creatures are there here!
How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world,
That has such people in 't.

-  William Shakespeare, The Tempest, Act V, Scene I, ll. 203-206

Shakespeare's use of the phrase is intended ironically, as the speaker is failing to recognise the evil nature of the island's visitors because of her innocence. Indeed, the next speaker-Miranda's father Prospero-replies to her innocent observation with the statement "'Tis new to thee."

Translations of the title often allude to similar expressions used in domestic works of literature: the French edition of the work is entitled Le Meilleur des mondes ( The Best of All Worlds), an allusion to an expression used by the philosopher Gottfried Leibniz and satirised in Candide, Ou l'Optimisme by Voltaire (1759). The first Standard Chinese translation, done by novelist Lily Hsueh and Aaron Jen-wang Hsueh in 1974, is entitled "美麗新世界" ( Pinyin: Měilì Xīn Shìjiè, literally " Beautiful New World").

Huxley wrote Brave New World whilst living in Sanary-sur-Mer, France, in the four months from May to August 1931. By this time, Huxley had established himself as a writer and social satirist. He was a contributor to Vanity Fair and magazines and had published a collection of his poetry ( The Burning Wheel, 1916) and four satirical novels, Crome Yellow (1921), (1923), Those Barren Leaves (1925) and Point Counter Point (1928). Brave New World was Huxley's fifth novel and first dystopian work.

A short passage in Crome Yellow foreshadows Brave New World, showing that Huxley had such a future in mind already in 1921. Mr. Scogan, one of the earlier book's characters, describes an "impersonal generation" of the future that will "take the place of Nature's hideous system. In vast state incubators, rows upon rows of gravid bottles will supply the world with the population it requires. The family system will disappear; society, sapped at its very base, will have to find new foundations; and Eros, beautifully and irresponsibly free, will flit like a gay butterfly from flower to flower through a sunlit world".

Huxley said that Brave New World was inspired by the utopian novels of H. G. Wells, including A Modern Utopia (1905), and as a parody of Men Like Gods (1923). Wells' hopeful vision of the future gave Huxley the idea to begin writing a parody of the novels, which became Brave New World. He wrote in a letter to Mrs. Arthur Goldsmith, an American acquaintance, that he had "been having a little fun pulling the leg of H. G. Wells" but then he "got caught up in the excitement of [his] own ideas". Unlike the most popular optimistic utopian novels of the time, Huxley sought to provide a frightening vision of the future. Huxley referred to Brave New World as a "negative utopia", somewhat influenced by Wells's own The Sleeper Awakes (dealing with subjects like corporate tyranny and behavioural conditioning) and the works of D. H. Lawrence.

For his part Wells published, two years after Brave New World, his Utopian Shape of Things to Come. Seeking to rebut the argument of Huxley's Mustapha Mond-that moronic underclasses were a necessary "social gyroscope" and that a society composed solely of intelligent, assertive "Alphas" would inevitably disintegrate in internecine struggle-Wells depicted a stable egalitarian society emerging after several generations of a reforming elite having complete control of education throughout the world. In the future depicted in Wells' book, posterity remembers Huxley as "a reactionary writer". The scientific futurism in Brave New World is believed to be appropriated from by J. B. S. Haldane.

The events of the Great Depression in Britain in 1931, with its mass unemployment and the abandonment of the gold standard, persuaded Huxley to assert that stability was the "primal and ultimate need" if civilisation was to survive the present crisis. The Brave New World character Mustapha Mond, Resident World Controller of Western Europe, is named after Sir Alfred Mond. Shortly before writing the novel, Huxley visited the Billingham Manufacturing Plant, Mond's technologically advanced factory near Billingham, north-east England, and it made a great impression on him.

Huxley used the setting and characters in his science fiction novel to express widely felt anxieties, particularly the fear of losing individual identity in the fast-paced world of the future. An early trip to the United States gave Brave New World much of its character. Huxley was outraged by the culture of youth, commercial cheeriness, sexual promiscuity and the inward-looking nature of many Americans; he had also found the book My Life and Work by Henry Ford on the boat to America and he saw the book's principles applied in everything he encountered after leaving San Francisco.

The novel opens in the World State city of London in AF (After Ford) 632 (AD 2540 in the Gregorian calendar), where citizens are engineered through artificial wombs and childhood indoctrination programmes into predetermined classes (or castes) based on intelligence and labour. Lenina Crowne, a hatchery worker, is popular and sexually desirable, but Bernard Marx, a psychologist, is not. He is shorter in stature than the average member of his high caste, which gives him an inferiority complex. His work with sleep-learning allows him to understand, and disapprove of, his society's methods of keeping its citizens peaceful, which includes their constant consumption of a soothing, happiness-producing drug called "soma". Courting disaster, Bernard is vocal and arrogant about his criticisms, and his boss contemplates exiling him to Iceland because of his nonconformity. His only friend is Helmholtz Watson, a gifted writer who finds it difficult to use his talents creatively in their pain-free society.

Bernard takes a holiday with Lenina outside the World State to a Savage Reservation in New Mexico, in which the two observe natural-born people, disease, the ageing process, other languages, and religious lifestyles for the first time. The culture of the village folk resembles the contemporary Native American groups of the region, descendants of the Anasazi, including the Puebloan peoples of Hopi and Zuni. Bernard and Lenina witness a violent public ritual and then encounter Linda, a woman originally from the World State who is living on the reservation with her son John, now a young man. She, too, visited the reservation on a holiday many years ago, but became separated from her group and was left behind. She had meanwhile become pregnant by a fellow holidaymaker (who is revealed to be Bernard's boss, the Director of Hatcheries and Conditioning). She did not try to return to the World State, because of her shame at her pregnancy. Despite spending his whole life in the reservation, John has never been accepted by the villagers, and his and Linda's lives have been hard and unpleasant. Linda has taught John to read, although from the only book in her possession-a scientific manual-and another book John found: the complete works of Shakespeare. Ostracised by the villagers, John is able to articulate his feelings only in terms of Shakespearean drama, quoting often from The Tempest, , , Romeo and Juliet and . Linda now wants to return to London, and John, too, wants to see this "brave new world" that his mother so often praised. Bernard sees an opportunity to thwart plans to exile him, and gets permission to take Linda and John back. On their return to London, John meets the Director and calls him his "father", a vulgarity which causes a roar of laughter. The humiliated Director resigns in shame before he can follow through with exiling Bernard.

Bernard, as "custodian" of the "savage" John who is now treated as a celebrity, is fawned on by the highest members of society and revels in attention he once scorned. Bernard's popularity is fleeting, though, and he becomes envious that John only really bonds with the literary-minded Helmholtz. Considered hideous and friendless, Linda spends all her time using soma, which she craved for so long, while John refuses to attend social events organised by Bernard, appalled by what he perceives to be an empty society. Lenina and John are physically attracted to each other, but John's view of courtship and romance, based on Shakespeare's writings, is utterly incompatible with Lenina's freewheeling attitude to sex. She tries to seduce him, but he attacks her, before suddenly being informed that his mother is on her deathbed. He rushes to Linda's bedside, causing a scandal, as this is not the "correct" attitude to death. Some children who enter the ward for "death-conditioning" come across as disrespectful to John, and he attacks one physically. He then tries to break up a distribution of soma to a lower-caste group, telling them that he is freeing them. Helmholtz and Bernard rush in to stop the ensuing riot, which the police quell by spraying soma vapor into the crowd.

Bernard, Helmholtz, and John are all brought before Mustapha Mond, the "Resident World Controller for Western Europe", who tells Bernard and Helmholtz that they are to be exiled to islands for antisocial activity. Bernard pleads for a second chance, but Helmholtz welcomes the opportunity to be a true individual, and chooses the Falkland Islands as his destination, believing that their bad weather will inspire his writing. Mond tells Helmholtz that exile is actually a reward. The islands are full of the most interesting people in the world, individuals who did not fit into the social model of the World State. Mond outlines for John the events that led to the present society and his arguments for a caste system and social control. John rejects Mond's arguments, and Mond sums up John's views by claiming that John demands "the right to be unhappy". John asks if he may go to the islands as well, but Mond refuses, saying he wishes to see what happens to John next.

Jaded with his new life, John moves to an abandoned hilltop lighthouse, near the village of Puttenham, where he intends to adopt a solitary ascetic lifestyle in order to purify himself of civilization, practising self-flagellation. This draws reporters and eventually hundreds of amazed sightseers, hoping to witness his bizarre behaviour.

For a while it seems that John might be left alone, after the public's attention is drawn to other diversions, but a documentary maker has secretly filmed John's self-flagellation from a distance, and when released the documentary causes an international sensation. Helicopters arrive with more journalists. Crowds of people descend on John's retreat, demanding that he perform his whipping ritual for them. From one helicopter a young woman emerges who is implied to be Lenina. John, at the sight of a woman he both adores and loathes, whips at her in a fury and then turns the whip on himself, exciting the crowd, whose wild behaviour transforms into a soma-fuelled orgy. The next morning John awakes on the ground and is consumed by remorse over his participation in the night's events.

That evening, a swarm of helicopters appears on the horizon, the story of last night's orgy having been in all the papers. The first onlookers and reporters to arrive find that John is dead, having hanged himself.

Bernard Marx, a sleep-learning specialist at the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre. Although Bernard is an Alpha-Plus (the upper class of the society), he is a misfit. He is unusually short for an Alpha; an alleged accident with alcohol in Bernard's blood-surrogate before his decanting has left him slightly stunted. Unlike his fellow utopians, Bernard is often angry, resentful, and jealous. At times, he is also cowardly and hypocritical. His conditioning is clearly incomplete. He does not enjoy communal sports, solidarity services, or promiscuous sex. He does not particularly enjoy soma. Bernard is in love with Lenina and does not like her sleeping with other men, even though "everyone belongs to everyone else". Bernard's triumphant return to utopian civilisation with John the Savage from the Reservation precipitates the downfall of the Director, who had been planning to exile him. Bernard's triumph is short-lived; he is ultimately banished to an island for his non-conformist behaviour.

John, the illicit son of the Director and Linda, born and reared on the Savage Reservation ("Malpais") after Linda was unwittingly left behind by her errant lover. John ("the Savage" or "Mr. Savage", as he is often called) is an outsider both on the Reservation-where the natives still practice marriage, natural birth, family life and religion-and the ostensibly civilised World State, based on principles of stability and happiness. He has read nothing but the complete works of William Shakespeare, which he quotes extensively, and, for the most part, aptly, though his allusion to the "Brave New World" (Miranda's words in The Tempest) takes on a darker and bitterly ironic resonance as the novel unfolds. John is intensely moral according to a code that he has been taught by Shakespeare and life in Malpais but is also naïve: his views are as imported into his own consciousness as are the hypnopedic messages of World State citizens. The admonishments of the men of Malpais taught him to regard his mother as a whore; but he cannot grasp that these were the same men who continually sought her out despite their supposedly sacred pledges of monogamy. Because he is unwanted in Malpais, he accepts the invitation to travel back to London and is initially astonished by the comforts of the World State. He remains committed to values that exist only in his poetry. He first spurns Lenina for failing to live up to his Shakespearean ideal and then the entire utopian society: he asserts that its technological wonders and consumerism are poor substitutes for individual freedom, human dignity and personal integrity. After his mother's death, he becomes deeply distressed with grief, surprising onlookers in the hospital. He then withdraws himself from society and attempts to purify himself of "sin" (desire), but is unable to do so. He finds himself gathering a lot of trouble for both his body and mind. He soon does not realise what is real or what is fake, what he does and what he does not do. Soon, everything he thinks about or feels just becomes blurred and unrecognizable. Finally he hangs himself in despair.

Helmholtz Watson, a handsome and successful Alpha-Plus lecturer at the College of Emotional Engineering and a friend of Bernard. He feels unfulfilled writing endless propaganda doggerel, and the stifling conformism and philistinism of the World State make him restive. Helmholtz is ultimately exiled to the Falkland Islands-a cold asylum for disaffected Alpha-Plus non-conformists-after reading a heretical poem to his students on the virtues of solitude and helping John destroy some Deltas' rations of soma following Linda's death. Unlike Bernard, he takes his exile in his stride and comes to view it as an opportunity for inspiration in his writing. His first name derives from the German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz.

Lenina Crowne, a young, beautiful foetus technician at the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre. Lenina Crowne is a Beta who enjoys being a Beta. She is a vaccination worker with beliefs and values that are in line with a citizen of the World State. She is part of the 30% of the female population that are not freemartins (sterile women). Lenina is promiscuous and popular but somewhat quirky in her society: she had a four-month relation with Henry Foster, choosing not to have sex with anyone but him for a period of time. She is basically happy and well-conditioned, using soma to suppress unwelcome emotions, as is expected. Lenina has a date with Bernard, to whom she feels ambivalently attracted, and she goes to the Reservation with him. On returning to civilisation, she tries and fails to seduce John the Savage. John loves and desires Lenina but he is repelled by her forwardness and the prospect of pre-marital sex, rejecting her as an " impudent strumpet". Lenina visits John at the lighthouse but he attacks her with a whip, unwittingly inciting onlookers to do the same. Her exact fate is left unspecified.

Mustapha Mond, Resident World Controller of Western Europe, "His Fordship" Mustapha Mond presides over one of the ten zones of the World State, the global government set up after the cataclysmic Nine Years' War and great Economic Collapse. Sophisticated and good-natured, Mond is an urbane and hyperintelligent advocate of the World State and its ethos of "Community, Identity, Stability". Among the novel's characters, he is uniquely aware of the precise nature of the society he oversees and what it has given up to accomplish its gains. Mond argues that art, literature, and scientific freedom must be sacrificed to secure the ultimate utilitarian goal of maximising societal happiness. He defends the caste system, behavioural conditioning, and the lack of personal freedom in the World State: these, he says, are a price worth paying for achieving social stability, the highest social virtue because it leads to lasting happiness.

Fanny Crowne, Lenina Crowne's friend (they have the same last name because only ten thousand last names are in use in a World State comprising two billion people). Fanny voices the conventional values of her caste and society, particularly the importance of promiscuity: she advises Lenina that she should have more than one man in her life because it is unseemly to concentrate on just one. Fanny then warns Lenina away from a new lover whom she considers undeserving, yet she is ultimately supportive of the young woman's attraction to the savage John.

Henry Foster, one of Lenina's many lovers, is a perfectly conventional Alpha male, casually discussing Lenina's body with his coworkers. His success with Lenina, and his casual attitude about it, infuriate the jealous Bernard. Henry ultimately proves himself every bit the ideal World State citizen, finding no courage to defend Lenina from John's assaults despite having maintained an uncommonly longstanding sexual relationship with her.

Benito Hoover, another of Lenina's lovers. She remembers that he is particularly hairy when he takes his clothes off.

The Director of Hatcheries and Conditioning (DHC), also known as Thomas "Tomakin", is the administrator of the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre, where he is a threatening figure who intends to exile Bernard to Iceland. His plans take an unexpected turn when Bernard returns from the Reservation with Linda (see below) and John, a child they both realise is actually his. This fact, scandalous and obscene in the World State, not because it was extramarital (which all sexual acts are), but because it was procreative, leads the Director to resign his post in shame.

, John's mother, decanted as a Beta-Minus in the World State, originally worked in the DHC's Fertilizing Room, and subsequently lost during a storm while visiting the New Mexico Savage Reservation with the Director many years before the events of the novel. Despite following her usual precautions, Linda became pregnant with the Director's son during their time together and was therefore unable to return to the World State by the time that she found her way to Malpais. Having been conditioned to the promiscuous social norms of the World State, Linda finds herself at once popular with every man in the pueblo (because she is open to all sexual advances) and also reviled for the same reason, seen as a whore by the wives of the men who visit her and by the men themselves (who come to her nonetheless). Her only comforts there are mescal brought by Popé as well as . Linda is desperate to return to the World State and to soma, wanting nothing more from her remaining life than comfort until death.

The Arch-Community-Songster, the secular equivalent of the Archbishop of Canterbury in the World State society. He takes personal offense when John refuses to attend Bernard's party.

The Director of Crematoria and Phosphorus Reclamation, one of the many disappointed, important figures to attend Bernard's party.

The Warden, an Alpha-Minus, the talkative chief administrator for the New Mexico Savage Reservation. He is blond, short, broad-shouldered, and has a booming voice.

Darwin Bonaparte, a "big game photographer" (i.e. filmmaker) who films John flogging himself. Darwin Bonaparte became known for two works: "feely of the gorillas' wedding", and "Sperm Whale's Love-life". He had already made a name for himself but still seeks more. He renews his fame by filming the savage, John, in his newest release "The Savage of Surrey". His name alludes to Charles Darwin and Napoleon Bonaparte.

Dr. Shaw, Bernard Marx's physician who consequently becomes the physician of both Linda and John. He prescribes a lethal dose of soma to Linda, which will stop her respiratory system from functioning in a span of one to two months, at her own behest but not without protest from John. Ultimately, they all agree that it is for the best, since denying her this request would cause more trouble for Society and Linda herself.

Dr. Gaffney, Provost of Eton, an Upper School for high-caste individuals. He shows Bernard and John around the classrooms, and the Hypnopaedic Control Room (used for behavioural conditioning through sleep learning). John asks if the students read Shakespeare but the Provost says the library contains only reference books because solitary activities, such as reading, are discouraged.

Miss Keate, Head Mistress of Eton Upper School. Bernard fancies her, and arranges an assignation with her.

Freemartins, women who have been deliberately made sterile by exposure to male hormones during foetal development but are still physically normal except for "the slightest tendency to grow beards." In the book, government policy requires freemartins to form 70% of the female population.

Popé, a native of Malpais. Although he reinforces the behaviour that causes hatred for Linda in Malpais by sleeping with her and bringing her , he still holds the traditional beliefs of his tribe. In his early years John attempted to kill him, but Popé brushed off his attempt and sent him fleeing. He gave Linda a copy of the Complete Works of Shakespeare. (Historically, Popé or Po'pay was a Tewa religious leader who led the Pueblo Revolt in 1680 against Spanish colonial rule.)

Mitsima, an elder tribal shaman who also teaches John survival skills such as rudimentary ceramics (specifically coil pots, which were traditional to Native American tribes) and bow-making.

Kiakimé, a native girl whom John fell for, but is instead eventually wed to another boy from Malpais.

Kothlu, a native boy with whom Kiakimé is wed.

These are non-fictional and factual characters who lived before the events in this book, but are of note in the novel:

Henry Ford, who has become a messianic figure to the World State. "Our Ford" is used in place of "Our Lord", as a credit to popularising the use of the assembly line.

Sigmund Freud, "Our Freud" is sometimes said in place of "Our Ford" because Freud's psychoanalytic method depends implicitly upon the rules of classical conditioning,[citation needed ] and because Freud popularised the idea that sexual activity is essential to human happiness. (It is also strongly implied that citizens of the World State believe Freud and Ford to be the same person.)

H. G. Wells, "Dr. Wells", British writer and utopian socialist, whose book Men Like Gods was a motivation for Brave New World. "All's well that ends Wells", wrote Huxley in his letters, criticising Wells for anthropological assumptions Huxley found unrealistic.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, whose conditioning techniques are used to train infants.

William Shakespeare, whose banned works are quoted throughout the novel by John, "the Savage". The plays quoted include , The Tempest, Romeo and Juliet, , , Troilus and Cressida, Measure for Measure and . Mustapha Mond also knows them because as a World Controller he has access to a selection of books from throughout history, including the Bible.

Thomas Robert Malthus, 19th century British economist, believed the people of the Earth would eventually be threatened by their inability to raise enough food to feed the population. In the novel, the eponymous character devises the contraceptive techniques (Malthusian belt) that are practiced by women of the World State.

Reuben Rabinovitch, the Polish-Jew character on whom the effects of sleep-learning, hypnopædia, are first observed.

John Henry Newman, 19th century Catholic theologian and educator, believed university education the critical element in advancing post-industrial Western civilization. Mustapha Mond and The Savage discuss a passage from one of Newman's books.

Alfred Mond, British industrialist, financier and politician. He is the namesake of Mustapha Mond.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder and first President of Republic of Turkey. Naming Mond after Atatürk links up with their characteristics; he reigned during the time Brave New World was written and revolutionised the 'old' Ottoman state into a new nation.

The limited number of names that the World State assigned to its bottle-grown citizens can be traced to political and cultural figures who contributed to the bureaucratic, economic, and technological systems of Huxley's age, and presumably those systems in Brave New World.

Soma: Huxley took the name for the drug used by the state to control the population after the Vedic ritual drink Soma, inspired by his interest in Indian mysticism.

Malthusian belt: A contraceptive device worn by women. When Huxley was writing Brave New World, organizations such as the Malthusian League had spread throughout Europe, advocating contraception. Although the controversial economic theory of Malthusianism was derived from an essay by Thomas Malthus about the economic effects of population growth, Malthus himself was an advocate of abstinence rather than contraception.

Upon its publication, Rebecca West praised Brave New World as "The most accomplished novel Huxley has yet written", Joseph Needham lauded it as "Mr. Huxley's remarkable book", and Bertrand Russell also praised it, stating, "Mr. Aldous Huxley has shown his usual masterly skill in Brave New World." Brave New World also received negative responses from other contemporary critics, although his work was later embraced.

In an article in the 4 May 1935 issue of the Illustrated London News, G. K. Chesterton explained that Huxley was revolting against the "Age of Utopias". Much of the discourse on man's future before 1914 was based on the thesis that humanity would solve all economic and social issues. In the decade following the war the discourse shifted to an examination of the causes of the catastrophe. The works of H. G. Wells and George Bernard Shaw on the promises of socialism and a World State were then viewed as the ideas of naive optimists. Chesterton wrote:

After the Age of Utopias came what we may call the American Age, lasting as long as the Boom. Men like Ford or Mond seemed to many to have solved the social riddle and made capitalism the common good. But it was not native to us; it went with a buoyant, not to say blatant optimism, which is not our negligent or negative optimism. Much more than Victorian righteousness, or even Victorian self-righteousness, that optimism has driven people into pessimism. For the Slump brought even more disillusionment than the War. A new bitterness, and a new bewilderment, ran through all social life, and was reflected in all literature and art. It was contemptuous, not only of the old Capitalism, but of the old Socialism. Brave New World is more of a revolution against Utopia than against Victoria.

Similarly, in 1944 economist Ludwig von Mises described Brave New World as a satire of utopian predictions of socialism: "Aldous Huxley was even courageous enough to make socialism's dreamed paradise the target of his sardonic irony."

The World State is built upon the principles of Henry Ford's assembly line: mass production, homogeneity, predictability, and consumption of disposable consumer goods. While the World State lacks any supernatural-based religions, Ford himself is revered as the creator of their society but not as a deity, and characters celebrate Ford Day and swear oaths by his name (e.g., "By Ford!"). In this sense, some fragments of traditional religion are present, such as Christian crosses, which had their tops cut off to be changed to a "T", representing the Ford Model T. In England, there is an Arch-Community-Songster of Canterbury, obviously continuing the Archbishop of Canterbury, and in America The Christian Science Monitor continues publication as The Fordian Science Monitor. The World State calendar numbers years in the "AF" era-"Anno Ford"-with the calendar beginning in AD 1908, the year in which Ford's first Model T rolled off his assembly line. The novel's Gregorian calendar year is AD 2540, but it is referred to in the book as AF 632.

From birth, members of every class are indoctrinated by recorded voices repeating slogans while they sleep (called "hypnopædia" in the book) to believe their own class is superior, but that the other classes perform needed functions. Any residual unhappiness is resolved by an antidepressant and hallucinogenic drug called soma.

The biological techniques used to control the populace in Brave New World do not include genetic engineering; Huxley wrote the book before the structure of DNA was known. However, Gregor Mendel's work with inheritance patterns in peas had been rediscovered in 1900 and the eugenics movement, based on artificial selection, was well established. Huxley's family included a number of prominent biologists including Thomas Huxley, half-brother and Nobel Laureate Andrew Huxley, and his brother Julian Huxley who was a biologist and involved in the eugenics movement. Nonetheless, Huxley emphasises conditioning over breeding ( nurture versus nature); human embryos and fetuses are conditioned through a carefully designed regimen of chemical (such as exposure to hormones and toxins), thermal (exposure to intense heat or cold, as one's future career would dictate), and other environmental stimuli, although there is an element of selective breeding as well.

Comparisons with George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four

In a letter to George Orwell about Nineteen Eighty-Four, Huxley wrote "Whether in actual fact the policy of the boot-on-the-face can go on indefinitely seems doubtful. My own belief is that the ruling oligarchy will find less arduous and wasteful ways of governing and of satisfying its lust for power, and these ways will resemble those which I described in Brave New World." He went on to write "Within the next generation I believe that the world's rulers will discover that infant conditioning and narco-hypnosis are more efficient, as instruments of government, than clubs and prisons, and that the lust for power can be just as completely satisfied by suggesting people into loving their servitude as by flogging and kicking them into obedience."

Social critic Neil Postman contrasted the worlds of Nineteen Eighty-Four and Brave New World in the foreword of his 1985 book Amusing Ourselves to Death. He writes:

What Orwell feared were those who would ban books. What Huxley feared was that there would be no reason to ban a book, for there would be no one who wanted to read one. Orwell feared those who would deprive us of information. Huxley feared those who would give us so much that we would be reduced to passivity and egoism. Orwell feared that the truth would be concealed from us. Huxley feared the truth would be drowned in a sea of irrelevance. Orwell feared we would become a captive culture. Huxley feared we would become a trivial culture, preoccupied with some equivalent of the feelies, the orgy porgy, and the centrifugal bumblepuppy. As Huxley remarked in Brave New World Revisited, the civil libertarians and rationalists who are ever on the alert to oppose tyranny "failed to take into account man's almost infinite appetite for distractions." In 1984, Huxley added, people are controlled by inflicting pain. In Brave New World, they are controlled by inflicting pleasure. In short, Orwell feared that what we hate will ruin us. Huxley feared that what we love will ruin us.

The writer Christopher Hitchens, who published several articles on Huxley and a book on Orwell, noted the difference between the two texts in the introduction to his 1999 article "Why Americans Are Not Taught History",

We dwell in a present-tense culture that somehow, significantly, decided to employ the telling expression "You're history" as a choice reprobation or insult, and thus elected to speak forgotten volumes about itself. By that standard, the forbidding dystopia of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four already belongs, both as a text and as a date, with Ur and Mycenae, while the hedonist nihilism of Huxley still beckons toward a painless, amusement-sodden, and stress-free consensus. Orwell's was a house of horrors. He seemed to strain credulity because he posited a regime that would go to any lengths to own and possess history, to rewrite and construct it, and to inculcate it by means of coercion. Whereas Huxley ... rightly foresaw that any such regime could break because it could not bend. In 1988, four years after 1984, the Soviet Union scrapped its official history curriculum and announced that a newly authorized version was somewhere in the works. This was the precise moment when the regime conceded its own extinction. For true blissed-out and vacant servitude, though, you need an otherwise sophisticated society where no serious history is taught.

Brave New World Revisited

In 1946, Huxley wrote in the foreword of the new edition of Brave New World:

If I were now to rewrite the book, I would offer the Savage a third alternative. Between the Utopian and primitive horns of his dilemma would lie the possibility of sanity... In this community economics would be decentralist and Henry-Georgian, politics Kropotkinesque and co-operative. Science and technology would be used as though, like the Sabbath, they had been made for man, not (as at present and still more so in the Brave New World) as though man were to be adapted and enslaved to them. Religion would be the conscious and intelligent pursuit of man's Final End, the unitive knowledge of immanent Tao or Logos, the transcendent Godhead or Brahman. And the prevailing philosophy of life would be a kind of Higher Utilitarianism, in which the Greatest Happiness principle would be secondary to the Final End principle-the first question to be asked and answered in every contingency of life being: "How will this thought or action contribute to, or interfere with, the achievement, by me and the greatest possible number of other individuals, of man's Final End?"

First UK edition

Brave New World Revisited ( Harper & Brothers, US, 1958; Chatto & Windus, UK, 1959), written by Huxley almost thirty years after Brave New World, is a non-fiction work in which Huxley considered whether the world had moved toward or away from his vision of the future from the 1930s. He believed when he wrote the original novel that it was a reasonable guess as to where the world might go in the future. In Brave New World Revisited, he concluded that the world was becoming like Brave New World much faster than he originally thought.

Huxley analysed the causes of this, such as overpopulation, as well as all the means by which populations can be controlled. He was particularly interested in the effects of drugs and subliminal suggestion. Brave New World Revisited is different in tone because of Huxley's evolving thought, as well as his conversion to Hindu Vedanta in the interim between the two books.

The last chapter of the book aims to propose action which could be taken to prevent a democracy from turning into the totalitarian world described in Brave New World. In Huxley's last novel, , he again expounds similar ideas to describe a utopian nation, which is generally viewed as a counterpart to Brave New World.

According to American Library Association, Brave New World has frequently been banned and challenged in the United States due to insensitivity, offensive language, nudity, racism, conflict with a religious viewpoint, and being sexually explicit. It landed on the list of the top ten most challenged books in 2010 (3) and 2011 (7). The book also secured a spot on the association's list of the top one hundred challenged books for 1990-1999 (54), 2000-2009 (36), and 2010-2019 (26).

The following include specific instances of when the book has been censored, banned, or challenged:

In 1932, the book was banned in Ireland for its language, and for supposedly being anti-family and anti-religion.

In 1965, a Maryland English teacher alleged that he was fired for assigning Brave New World to students. The teacher sued for violation of First Amendment rights but lost both his case and the appeal, with the appeals court ruling that the assignment of the book was not the reason for his firing.

The book was banned in India in 1967, with Huxley accused of being a "pornographer".

In 1980, it was removed from classrooms in Miller, Missouri among other challenges.

The version of Brave New World Revisited published in China lacks explicit mentions of China itself.

The English writer Rose Macaulay published What Not: A Prophetic Comedy in 1918. What Not depicts a dystopian future where people are ranked by intelligence, the government mandates mind training for all citizens, and procreation is regulated by the state. Macaulay and Huxley shared the same literary circles and he attended her weekly literary salons.

Bertrand Russell felt Brave New World borrowed from his 1931 book "The Scientific Outlook", and wrote in a letter to his publisher that Huxley's novel was "merely an expansion of the two penultimate chapters of 'The Scientific Outlook.'"

H. G. Wells' novel The First Men in the Moon (1901) used concepts that Huxley added to his story. Both novels introduce a society consisting of a specialized caste system, new generations are produced in jars and bottles where their designated caste is decided before birth by tempering with the fetus' development, and individuals are drugged down when they are not needed.

George Orwell believed that Brave New World must have been partly derived from the 1921 novel by Russian author Yevgeny Zamyatin. However, in a 1962 letter to Christopher Collins, Huxley says that he wrote Brave New World long before he had heard of We. According to We translator Natasha Randall, Orwell believed that Huxley was lying. Kurt Vonnegut said that in writing Player Piano (1952), he "cheerfully ripped off the plot of Brave New World, whose plot had been cheerfully ripped off from Yevgeny Zamyatin's We".

In 1982, Polish author Antoni Smuszkiewicz, in his analysis of Polish science-fiction Zaczarowana gra ("The Magic Game"), presented accusations of plagiarism against Huxley. Smuszkiewicz showed similarities between Brave New World and two science fiction novels written earlier by Polish author Mieczysław Smolarski, namely Miasto światłości ("The City of Light", 1924) and Podróż poślubna pana Hamiltona ("Mr Hamilton's Honeymoon Trip", 1928). Smuszkiewicz wrote in his open letter to Huxley: "This work of a great author, both in the general depiction of the world as well as countless details, is so similar to two of my novels that in my opinion there is no possibility of accidental analogy."

Kate Lohnes, writing for Encyclopædia Britannica, notes similarities between Brave New World and other novels of the era could be seen as expressing "common fears surrounding the rapid advancement of technology and of the shared feelings of many tech-skeptics during the early 20th century". Other dystopian novels followed Huxley's work, including C.S. Lewis's That Hideous Strength (1945) and Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949).

In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Brave New World fifth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. In 2003, Robert McCrum writing for The Observer included Brave New World chronologically at number 53 in "the top 100 greatest novels of all time", and the novel was listed at number 87 on the BBC's survey The Big Read.

On 5 November 2019, BBC News listed Brave New World on its list of the 100 most influential novels. In 2021, Brave New World was one of six classic science fiction novels by British authors selected by Royal Mail to feature on a series of UK postage stamps.

Brave New World (opened 4 September 2015) in co-production by Royal & Derngate, Northampton and Touring Consortium Theatre Company which toured the UK. The adaptation was by Dawn King, composed by These New Puritans and directed by James Dacre.

Brave New World (radio broadcast) CBS Radio Workshop (27 January and 3 February 1956): music composed and conducted by Bernard Herrmann. Adapted for radio by William Froug. Introduced by William Conrad and narrated by Aldous Huxley. Featuring the voices of Joseph Kearns, Bill Idelson, Gloria Henry, Charlotte Lawrence, Byron Kane, Sam Edwards, Jack Kruschen, Vic Perrin, Lurene Tuttle, Herb Butterfield, Doris Singleton.

Brave New World (radio broadcast) (May 2013)

Brave New World (radio broadcast) BBC Radio 4 (22, 29 May 2016)

Huxley, Aldous (1998). Brave New World (First Perennial Classics ed.). New York: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 0-06-092987-1.

Huxley, Aldous (2000). Brave New World Revisited (First Perennial Classics ed.). New York: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 0-06-095551-1.

Huxley, Aldous (2005). Brave New World and Brave New World Revisited (First Perennial Classics ed.). New York: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 0-06-077609-9.

Izzo, David Garrett; Kirkpatrick, Kim, eds. (15 July 2014). Huxley's Brave New World: Essays. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-8003-6.

Postman, Neil (1985). Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. USA: Penguin USA. ISBN 0-670-80454-1.

Russell, Robert (1999). Zamiatin's We. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press. ISBN 978-1-85399-393-0.

Higgins, Charles; Higgins, Regina (2000). Cliff Notes on Huxley's Brave New World. New York: Wiley Publishing. ISBN 0-7645-8583-5.

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Brave New World is a dystopian novel by English author Aldous Huxley, written in 1931 and published in 1932. Largely set in a futuristic World State, whose citizens are environmentally engineered into an intelligence-based social hierarchy, the novel anticipates huge scientific advancements in reproductive technology, sleep-learning, psychological manipulation and classical conditioning that are combined to make a dystopian society which is challenged by the story's protagonist.

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- Date d'écriture: En 1931
- Titre original : "Brave new world"
- Nationalité de l'auteur : Britannique
- Courte biographie : Aldous Leonard Huxley, est né le 26 juillet 1894 à Godalming, en Grande-Bretagne, et est mort le 22 novembre 1963 à Los Angeles, aux Etats-Unis.
- Une phrase philosophique est mise en exergue,
au début du texte :
"Tout est pour le mieux dans le meilleur des mondes possibles ".
(Voltaire, Candide)

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Résumé du livre "Le meilleur des mondes "

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Résumé du livre "Le meilleur des mondes "

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L'histoire commence à Londres en l'an 632 dans un Centre d'Incubation et du Conditionnement (D.I.C), le directeur fait visité le centre à de jeunes élèves venant d'arriver . Dans le livre les bébés sont placés dans différentes castes ( Inférieure ou Supérieure ), ils sont "drogués" 'grâce au soma : cette substance est légale les maintient dans un état de "transe" pour qu’ils ne puissent pas éprouver de solitude ni de malheur.
Ils n'ont pas de pères, ni de mères et ils sont conditionnés dans des pouponnières. On remarque aussi que les sentiments ne sont pas au rendez-vous dans ce livre pour eux c'est mal vue d'éprouver des sentiments en vers une personne quelconque et encore moins d'avoir des enfants. Le narrateur est neutre quand il raconte l'histoire mais il y a aussi une forme d'ironie.