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1913
Henry Moseley came up with and approved that in all atoms within any element have the same amount of protons inside the nucleus.  Image Link

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Schrodinger shared the idea that electrons can be particles and waves. This theory created the quantum mechanical model of an atom. Erwin Schrodinger believed that an electrons can be in all of it's forms at one time.

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Within the Bohr Model, the electrons are in rings around the nucleus. These rings represent different energy waves on the outside of the nucleus.

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James Chadwick                      1932

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James Chadwick                      1932

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Chadwick constantly worked with beryllium atoms and alpha particles, and eventually a radiation was produced. It was made up of particles with a neutral charge and had a mass similar to a proton. He had discovered the neutron. Image Link

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The electrons are in a space (cloud or orbital) where they go around the nucleus. The location of the electrons depend on the amount of energy they each have.

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Today
This modern atomic model is based off of the idea of wave quantum mechanics. The electrons do not move in a certain path around an atom; therefore, it can not be determined where the electrons are.
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1911
Rutherford preformed his famous Gold Foil Experiment to form his model of atom. He used a gun that shot positively charged particles at a sheet of gold foil. He eventually discovered the nucleus when some charged particles bounced back off of the foil.
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1803
Dalton preformed the first experiment to prove his idea of atoms. He came to the conclusion that all elements are made up of atoms.
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1897

J.J. Thomson, an English scientist proved the information that an atom is made of even smaller pieces. He also studied the passage of an electric current through gas and discovered electrons.
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Democritus                                 400 B.C.

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Democritus                                 400 B.C.

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Image LinkDemocritus was a Greek philosopher that started his discovery for matter over 2,400 years ago. Democritus wanted to know if matter could be split into smaller pieces forever or if there is a limit to how much matter can be split up.

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Aristotle was a very well respected philosopher that favored earth, fire, air and water. He used these four elements to approach matter. The ideas he created along with Plato were incorrect, but still held together due their popularity.
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