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Yann Martel uses allegory in Life of Pi  to develop tones: the animals representing humans provides multiple tones as the story continues and the allegory is revealed.

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Pi expresses his fear and hopelessness on the first night after the shipwreck.

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Pi expresses his fear and hopelessness on the first night after the shipwreck.

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“Darkness came. There was no moon. Clouds hid the stars. The contours of things became hard to distinguish. Everything disappeared, the sea, the lifeboat, my own body. The sea was quiet and there was hardly any wind, so I couldn’t even ground myself in sound. I seemed to be floating in pure, abstract blackness. I kept my eyes fixed on where I thought the horizon was, while my ears were on guard for any sign of the animals. I couldn’t imagine lasting the night,” (118).

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Pi chooses to persevere and survive with the help of his faith and science.

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Pi chooses to persevere and survive with the help of his faith and science.

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“I will not die. I refuse it. I will make it through this nightmare. I will beat the odds, as great as they are. I have survived so far, miraculously. Now I will turn miracle into routine. The amazing will be seen every day. I will put in all the hard work necessary. Yes, so long as God is with me, I will not die. Amen” (130).

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After deciding to keep Richard Parker alive, Pi humorously attempts to tame him with his zoology knowledge.

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After deciding to keep Richard Parker alive, Pi humorously attempts to tame him with his zoology knowledge.

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“Let the trumpets blare. Let the drums roll. Let the show begin. I rose to my feet. Richard Parker noticed. The balance was not easy. I took a deep breath and shouted, “Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, hurry to your seats! Hurry, hurry. You don’t want to be late. Sit down, open your eyes, open your hearts and prepare to be amazed. Here it is, for your enjoyment and instruction, for your gratification and edification, the show you’ve been waiting for all your life, The Greatest Show on Earth!” (165).

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Pi found a moment of serenity in his journey to safety as his busy schedule brought him a sense of control and calmness.

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Pi found a moment of serenity in his journey to safety as his busy schedule brought him a sense of control and calmness.

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“I settled on my side. For the first time in five days I felt a measure of calm. A little bit of hope--hard earned, well deserved, reasonable--glowed in me. I fell asleep” (176).

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After months at sea, Pi began to deteriorate and lose hope. The orange color of survival faded, conveying his lessening chances of living. 

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After months at sea, Pi began to deteriorate and lose hope. The orange color of survival faded, conveying his lessening chances of living. 

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“Everything suffered. Everything became sun-bleached and weather-beaten. The lifeboat, the raft until it was lost, the tarpaulin, the stills, the rain catchers, the plastic bags, the lines, the blankets, the net–all became worn, stretched, slack, cracked, dried, rotted, torn, discoloured. What was orange became whitish orange. What was smooth became rough. What was rough became smooth. What was sharp became blunt. What was whole became tattered," (238).

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While leaving the carnivorous island he thought was his savior, the sky Pi describes adds to the sad tone Pi is feeling.

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While leaving the carnivorous island he thought was his savior, the sky Pi describes adds to the sad tone Pi is feeling.

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“The sea was heavy, the sky grey,” (283).

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Pi's story with the animals ends with Richard Parker leaving with no goodbye, providing a despairing and solemn tone, although Pi had survived.

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Pi's story with the animals ends with Richard Parker leaving with no goodbye, providing a despairing and solemn tone, although Pi had survived.

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“He only looked fixedly into the jungle. Then Richard Parker, companion of my torment, awful, fierce thing that kept me alive, moved forward and disappeared forever from my life,” (285).

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Pi's second story begins with describing the cook in a negative and scary way.

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Pi's second story begins with describing the cook in a negative and scary way.

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“He ate the flies. The cook, that is. We hadn’t been in the lifeboat a full day; we had food and water to last us for weeks; we had fishing gear and solar stills; we had no reason to believe that we wouldn’t be rescued soon,” (304).

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The poor sailor, the zebra, dies in a horrific and painful way. The tone of the human story is faster paced and more violent than the prior.

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The poor sailor, the zebra, dies in a horrific and painful way. The tone of the human story is faster paced and more violent than the prior.

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“We couldn’t understand a word he said. He must have felt very lonely. When he wept, Mother held his head in her lap and I held his hand. It was very, very sad. He suffered and we couldn’t do anything about it,” (304).

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Like the orangutan, Pi's mother is killed by the cook, represented previously as the ruthless hyena. The tone is mournful, despairing, and sad. 

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Like the orangutan, Pi's mother is killed by the cook, represented previously as the ruthless hyena. The tone is mournful, despairing, and sad. 

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“He killed her. The cook killed my mother,” (309).

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Pi goes on to kill the cook and is angry that the cook had unleashed that side of him: the savage, tiger side. The second story has no lighter tones, only sadness, pain, and horror. 

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Pi goes on to kill the cook and is angry that the cook had unleashed that side of him: the savage, tiger side. The second story has no lighter tones, only sadness, pain, and horror. 

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“He was such an evil man. Worse still, he met evil in me–selfishness, anger, ruthlessness. I must live with that,” (311).

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Yann Martel uses allegory in Life of Pi  to develop tones: the animals representing humans provides multiple tones as the story continues and the allegory is revealed. Prior to this reveal, the original story's beginning tone is fearful and in disbelief. Pi has no idea what has happened, if his family is alive, nor if he will be saved. When he had not discovered Richard Parker yet, Pi "seemed to be floating in pure, abstract blackness. [He] kept [his] eyes fixed on where [he] thought the horizon was, while [his] ears were on guard for any sign of the animals. [He] couldn’t imagine lasting the night,” (118). At this moment, Pi has no hope. However, he then develops a relationship with Richard Parker, meaning a relationship with his savage side that ultimately helps him survive. The process of them forming a bond is humorous, another example of the allegory defining the tone. In the middle of the novel, Pi decides to "let the trumpets blare," (165) and tame the tiger. This amusing scene was only possible due to the allegory of animals representing humans, without it the tone would remain constant and mainly sad. In the latter end of Pi's journey, the tone becomes despair, hopeless, and threatening. His animal story finishes with "Richard Parker, companion of [his] torment, awful, fierce thing that kept [him] alive, moved forward and disappeared forever from [his] life,” (285). The tone is sad, although Pi survived. The allegory, Richard Parker as Pi, is conveyed here as Pi's savage, survival side leaves him when he is no longer needed. In the second story told, the tone is different, with no humor and a quicker pace. Pi describes the cook in a dark and scary way, more terrifying than a hyena. The sailor's death is horrific and painful, more chilling than the zebra. The cook then "killed [Pi's] mother," (309), adding to the dark tone of the second story and altering the way the prior story was viewed. As sad as the animal story was, compared to the human story, it had a less sad, less unnerving, and lighter tone.