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- PALAEOLITHIC PERIOD
- NEOLITHIC PERIOD
- THE METAL AGE

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Palaeolithic period (Paleolítico) 5 million years ago- 10,000 years ago

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Palaeolithic period (Paleolítico) 5 million years ago- 10,000 years ago

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- The first hominids appeared in Africa.
- They lived in tribes in caves or used branches and animal skins to make shelters.
- They were nomads: travelled from place to place to collect vegetables and fruit, hunt animals and fish.
- They used stones and bones to make their first tools: spearheads, axes, scrapers, harpoons, knives and needles.
- At first, Palaeolithic people ate raw food. Later, their principal discovery was the fire and they could cook.
- They made cave paintings using their hands to print or brushes made of animal hair.

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Neolithic period (Neolítico) 10,000 years ago - 7,000 years ago

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Neolithic period (Neolítico) 10,000 years ago - 7,000 years ago

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- This period began with the development of agriculture and livestock (ganadería). People learnt to grow food and keep animals, such as goats, sheep and oxen.
-  They became sedentary. The first villages appeared and the first constructions: houses and tombs (tumbas).
- The villages were near rivers so they had water.
- People specialised in certain jobs: some became farmers and others became craftworkers.
- The principal advances in this period were:
* Polished stone (piedra pulida). They could make more specialised farming  tools: hand mill or sickle (hoz)
* Pottery (Cerámica): to keep food and to cook with.
* Fabric-making techniques (Fabricación de tejidos). They invented the loom (telar) for weaving cloth.

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The Metal Age (Edad de los Metales) 7,000 years ago- 5,000 years ago

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The Metal Age (Edad de los Metales) 7,000 years ago- 5,000 years ago

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- This period started with the great discovery of metals:
* At first they used copper. It was found in almost pure form in nature, but it was too soft.
* Soon, they mixed cooper and tin to make bronze, which is harder. But tin was difficult to extract from rock.
* Then, people learnt to work with iron. Iron is a hard metal and easy to extract from rock.
* They also used precious metals like gold and silver to make jewellery.

- They used furnaces (hornos) to melt the metal and then, they shaped the hot metal into different objects: tools (herramientas), weapons (armas) and jewellery (joyas).
- The villages became larger and different crafts (oficios) appeared: potters (alfareros), farmers (granjeros), blacksmiths (herreros) and also warriors (soldados) to protect the villages.
- They didn't have money. Each one made a different product and exchanged it. This is called bartering (trueque)

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- ANCIENT TIMES
- THE MIDDLE AGES
- THE MODERN AGE
- CONTEMPORARY TIMES
This period started with the writing. (El periodo de la Historia comienza a partir de un hecho muy importante: la aparición de la escritura). La Historia se divide en 4 edades o períodos:
- EDAD ANTIGUA (ANCIENT TIMES)
- EDAD MEDIA ( THE MIDDLE AGES)
- EDAD MODERNA (THE MODERN AGE)
- EDAD CONTEMPORANEA (CONTEMPORARY TIMES)
En este periodo nos encontraremos en las fechas con estas siglas en inglés y en español:
BC ="Before Christ" / AC= "Antes de Cristo"
AD = "Anno Domini" / DC= "Después de Cristo"
Así el año 3500 BC (inglés) o 3500 AC (español) es el año 3500 antes de Cristo.
Y el año 476 AD (inglés) o 476 DC (español) es el año 476 después de Cristo.

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Ancient Times (Edad Antigua o Mundo Antiguo) 3500 BC- 476 AD

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Ancient Times (Edad Antigua o Mundo Antiguo) 3500 BC- 476 AD

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In this period great civilizations had and important role all over the world. En este período del Mundo Antiguo vivieron en diferentes lugares del mundo grandes civilizaciones:
* In the river valleys of Africa: Egypt.
* In the river valleys of Asia: Mesopotamia, China and India.
* On the Mediterranean Coast (en las costas del Mar Mediterráneo): Phoenicians (fenicios), Carthaginians (cartagineses), Greeks (griegos) y Romans (romanos).
* In the Iberian Peninsula.    Durante este período, en la Península Ibérica fueron llegando una serie de pueblos que se fueron conquistando y sucediendo en el tiempo:
- Celtiberians and Iberians
(Celtíberos e Íberos).
Eran pueblos del norte de
Europa que se asentaron en
la Península Ibérica.
- Phoenicians and Carthaginians (Fenicios y cartagineses)
- Greeks (griegos)
- Romans (romanos)
This period finished with the fall of the Roman Empire. El Mundo Antiguo desaparece con la caída del Imperio Romano de Occidente en el año .

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The Middle Ages (Edad Media) 476 AD - 1492 AD

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The Middle Ages (Edad Media) 476 AD - 1492 AD

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-It starts in the year 476 AD with the fall of the Western Roman Empire. (La Edad Media empieza con la caída del Imperio Romano de Occidente en el año 476).
- The main facts during this period are (los hechos más importantes durante la Edad Media son):
*The barbarians invaded the Roman Empire. Los pueblos germánicos o bárbaros, que venían del norte de Europa, invadieron el Imperio Romano.
* The Visigoths were the strongest barbarians in the Peninsula Iberica. Los visigodos fueron el pueblo más fuerte y numeroso de todos los pueblos bárbaros que habitaron la Península Ibérica.
* A new social, economic and political system developed: feudalism. Se desarrolló una nueva sociedad: el feudalismo.
* Commerce increased and the cities grew. A new social group emerged: the bourgeoisie. El comercio se desarrolló y las ciudades crecieron, apareciendo una nueva clase social: la burguesía (formada por mercaderes y artesanos).
* Scientific advances and great explorations tooks place. Se desarrollaron nuevos avances científicos y se realizaron expediciones, entre ellas el descubrimiento de América puso fin a la Edad Media en 1942

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The Modern Age (Edad Moderna) 1492 AD-1789 AD

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The Modern Age (Edad Moderna) 1492 AD-1789 AD

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Contemporary Times (Edad Contemporánea) 1789 AD- Nowdays

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Contemporary Times (Edad Contemporánea) 1789 AD- Nowdays