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The process of independence in West America took place in a series of situations experienced throughout the 18th century. During this period, we observed the emergence of a new set of values ​​that directly questioned colonial treaties and the monarchy. The Enlightenment defended the freedom of the people and promoted the downfall of political regimes that promoted certain social class privileges. There is no doubt that the Hispanic American literary elite was inspired by the ideas of the Enlightenment. The vast majority of these intellectuals are of Creole descent, that is, children of Americans born in Spain and deprived of broad political rights in the great institutions of the Spanish colonial world. Because they were politically excluded, they saw in the Enlightenment a response to obstacles to the legalization of Spanish rule, where they were represented by the guardians.

Although all these ideological ferment around the end of the Enlightenment and colonization were fermented, the hard work of Indians, slaves and mestizos also promoted the process of independence. Before the final independence process, appalling working conditions and poverty mobilized the population of the Hispanic colonies. Two clear examples of this dissatisfaction can be observed during the Tupac Amaru Rebellion (1780 / Peru) and the Comunero Movement (1781 / New Granada). At the end of the 18th century, Napoleon's rise in the French country and the needs of Great Britain and the United States to expand the consumer market will become two key points for independence. France failed to comply with the continental blockade and invaded Spain, undermining the government's authority over the colonies. Furthermore, with the end of Spain's trade monopoly in the region, the United States and the United Kingdom have great economic interests to be won.

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The outcome of the independence process, however, did not signify the radical transformation of the socioeconomic situation experienced by Latin American populations. The economic dependence on capitalist powers and the maintenance of the privileges of local elites meant that many of the problems of former Hispanic America remained present throughout Latin American history.

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The outcome of the independence process, however, did not signify the radical transformation of the socioeconomic situation experienced by Latin American populations. The economic dependence on capitalist powers and the maintenance of the privileges of local elites meant that many of the problems of former Hispanic America remained present throughout Latin American history.

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It is at this moment, in the beginning of the 19th century, that mobilization takes on its first contours. The restoration of Spanish colonial authority would be the trigger for the uprising led by the Creoles. With Anglo-American financial support, the Creoles called on the colonial populations to rebel against Spain. The two greatest Creole leaders of independence were Simon Bolivar and José de San Martin. Organizing armies across North and South America, both followed the proclamation of independence of several Latin American countries. In the year 1826, with all Latin America independent, the new nations gathered in the Congress of Panama. In it, Simon Bolivar defended a broad project of solidarity and political-economic integration among Latin American nations. However, the United States and England opposed this project, which threatened their economic interests on the continent. As a result, Latin America ended up remaining fragmented. The outcome of the independence process, however, did not signify the radical transformation of the socioeconomic situation experienced by Latin American populations. The economic dependence on capitalist powers and the maintenance of the privileges of local elites meant that many of the problems of former Hispanic America remained present throughout Latin American history.