# data[].attributes.headline
                              Chapter 5 - Animation

# data[].attributes.subject
                              Chapter 5 - Animation

# data[].attributes.body
MIDI is to vector graphics what digitized audio is to bitmap images.

MIDI is device dependant while digitized audio is device independent.

MIDI files are smaller than digitized audio.

MIDI sounds better when played on a high-quality MIDI device.

MIDI struggles to playback spoken dialog whereas digitized audio does it easily.

MIDI does not have consistent playback quality.

MIDI required knowledge of music theory.

# data[].attributes.body
Their files are small meaning the MIDI files embedded in Web pages load and play promptly.

It is the shorthand representation of music stored in a numeric from

It is not a digitized sound.

It is device dependant.

To create a MIDI score, sequencer software and sound synthesiser is required.

# data[].attributes.body
Once a recording has been completed it almost always needs to be edited.

Audio resolution determines the accuracy with which sound can be digitized

# data[].attributes.headline
Aspects of preparing a digital audio files:

# data[].attributes.subject
Aspects of preparing a digital audio files:

# data[].attributes.body
Balancing the need for sound quality against the available RAM and hard disk resources

Setting appropriate recording levels to get a high-quality and clean recording

# data[].attributes.body
It depends on the sampling rate - meaning the number of samples taken per second.

The 3 sampling frequencies most often used are 44.1kHz, 22.05 kHz, and 11.025 kHz.

# data[].attributes.body
They represents the amplitude of sound at a discrete point in time.

# data[].attributes.body
It is the actual representation of sound, stored in the form of samples.

Digital audio is device independent.

# data[].attributes.body
It is the vibrations in the air that creates waves of pressure.

They vary in amplitude, frequency and pitch.

Sound pressure levels ( loudness or volume ) are measured in decibels ( dB ).

# data[].attributes.headline
                                 Chapter 4 - Sound

# data[].attributes.subject
                                 Chapter 4 - Sound

# data[].attributes.body
Macintosh Format

PCIT- a complicated and versatile format by Apple.

Both bitmaps and vector drawn images can reside side by side.

Windows Format

DIB/BMP- (Device Independant Bitmaps) is the most common image file format in Windows platform.

Most often used by developers are

- BMP/DIB - Windows Bitmap File

- TIFF - Extensively Used in DTP packages

- PCX - Used by MS-DOS paint software

Cross-Platform Format

Most commonly used format on the Web:- JPEG, GIF, PNG

Adobe PDF ( Portable Document Format ) – Manages multimedia content

PSD, AI, CDR, DXF – Proprietary formats used by applications

Initial Graphics Exchange Standard (IGS or IGES) – Standard for transferring CAD drawings

# data[].attributes.body
It is a process whereby the colour value of each pixel is changed to the closest value pixel in the target palette by using a mathematical algorithm.

# data[].attributes.body
Mathematical table that displays the colour of the pixels displayed on the screen.

Palettes = Colour Lookup Tables

Most common palette are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24-bit.

# data[].attributes.body
Colours that is used based on the target user monitors specifications.

Preferred colour depth is 32-bit.

# data[].attributes.body
Combinations of coloured media such as paint or ink.

The coloured media then adds or subtracts some parts of the colour spectrum which is to be reflected to the eye.

Used to create colour in printing.

It consist of tiny halftone dots of 3 primary colours; Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow.

# data[].attributes.body
It is a colour created by combination of 3 coloured light sources in 3 primary colour; Red, Green, and Blue

Used in TV's and Monitors.

# data[].attributes.body
It is the frequency of the light wave within the narrow band of the electromagnetic spectrum, to which the human eye responds.

Types:-

Additive colours

Subtractive colours

Monitor-specific colour.

# data[].attributes.body
Come from an atom where and electron which passes from a high to low energy level.

Each atom produces a uniquely specific colour.

# data[].attributes.body
~ Stitching a sequence of multiple photos together in a circle to form a single seamless bitmap

# data[].attributes.body
~ Use of intricate algorithm to apply user-specified effects.

# data[].attributes.body
Modeling - Placing all elements into 3-D space

Extrusion - The shape of a plane surface extends some distance

Lathing - The profile of the shape is rotated around its axis.

# data[].attributes.body
Vector images uses less memory space and has a smaller file size

In Web pages, pages that uses vector images in plugins downloads faster and when used for animation draws faster.

Vector images cannot be used for photorealistic images

Vector images requires plug-in for Web displays

Bitmaps are not easily scalable and resizable

Bitmaps can be converted to Vector images using autotracing.

# data[].attributes.body
They are used in:

1. Computer Aided Designs ( CAD )

2. Graphic artist designing for print media

3. 3-D animation program

4. Animation requiring drawing shapes

Vector - A line that is described by the location of its two endpoints

Vector drawing makes use of the Cartesian Coordinates ( X, Y, Z axis )

# data[].attributes.body
Bit- Simplest element, 2 digits
Map - 2 dimensional matrix of the bits

It is the data matrix describing the individual dots of an image

Suited for creation of :

1. Photo-realistic images

2. Complex drawings

3. Images that require fine details

They are also known as paint graphics.

Pixels makes up bitmaps

# data[].attributes.body
( Still Images is the most important element of a multimedia project )

The type of still images depends on the resolution, hardware and software capabilities.

They are generated in two ways:

1. Bitmaps

2. Vector-drawn graphics

# data[].attributes.body
1. Plan your approach using flow charts and storyboards.

2. Organise the available tool.

3. Have multiple screen.

# data[].attributes.body
It is the American Standard Code of Information Interchange ( ASCII ) for 7-bit coding system.

Extended set is commonly filled with American National Standard Institute ( ANSI ) standard characters.

Unicode- A 16-bit architecture for multilangual text for character encoding.

Scripts - A collection of shared symbol for each character set.

Fonts and characters are not cross-platform compatible and must be mapped to another machine using font substitution.

# data[].attributes.body
Method of describing an image in terms of mathematical construct.

Scalable and can be drawn much faster.

Two types of postscript font; Type 1 & Type 3

# data[].attributes.body
This methodology was created my Microsoft and Apple

System of scalable outline fonts

Is able to draw characters at low resolution

# data[].attributes.headline
                                       Font Wars

# data[].attributes.subject
                                       Font Wars

# data[].attributes.body
Concentrated text in form of stand-alone graphic constructs

Used to convey meaningful messages

# data[].attributes.body
HyperText Markup Language

Its the standard document format used for Web pages.

# data[].attributes.body
Menus for navigation

Interactive buttons

Fields for reading

HTML documents

Symbols and icons

# data[].attributes.body
Do not have the decoration (serif) at the end of the letter stroke.

Used mostly for headlines and bold statements

# data[].attributes.body
There's a little decoration at the end of each letter stroke.

Used for body text.

# data[].attributes.headline
                     SERIF vs SANS SERIF

# data[].attributes.subject
                     SERIF vs SANS SERIF

# data[].attributes.body
Uppercase

Lowercase

Intercap (Uppercase in the middle of a word)

# data[].attributes.headline
                                          Chapter 3 - Images

# data[].attributes.subject
                                          Chapter 3 - Images

# data[].attributes.body
~ Spacing between the lines

# data[].attributes.body
~ left, right, centred, or justified

# data[].attributes.body
~Spacing between characters

# data[].attributes.body
Kerning

Leading

Alignment

# data[].attributes.body
It is measure in points ( 1/72 per inch )

# data[].attributes.body
Bold

Italic

Underlined

# data[].attributes.body
Family of graphic characters that usually includes many types and sizes

# data[].attributes.body
Collection of characters of a single size style belonging to a particular typeface family

# data[].attributes.body
Size

Background color

Foreground color

Style

Leadings

# data[].attributes.body
Vital element in ~

Multimedia menus

Navigation systems

Content

# data[].attributes.body
Words and any symbol the main form of communication

# data[].attributes.headline
                                    Chapter 2 - Text

# data[].attributes.subject
                                    Chapter 2 - Text

# data[].attributes.body
An extension of multimeida

# data[].attributes.body
CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only)

DVDs (Digital Versatile Discs

Hosted on the web

# data[].attributes.body
Used to merge multimedia elements in a project

Used to manage individual elements and provide user interactions

# data[].attributes.body
Projects where users are given navigational control

# data[].attributes.body
Projects that are NOT interactive

# data[].attributes.body
A multimedia project that is shipped to the end-user with or without instructions

# data[].attributes.body
Software vehicle

The message you want to convey

The content

# data[].attributes.body
When user of multimedia is given the option to control the elements and provide a structure for navigation

# data[].attributes.body
Creativity

Technical Skills

Organizational Skills

Business Skills

# data[].attributes.headline
                              Chapter 1 - Multimedia

# data[].attributes.subject
                              Chapter 1 - Multimedia

# data[].attributes.body
Throught electronic and digital means

# data[].attributes.body
It is combination of ~

Text

Graphic

Sound

Animation

Video