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The main source of income is rice farming. Cassava, cucumbers, maize, gourds, pumpkins are also other cash crops. As fish is the main source of protein, it was also one of the most important activities. In their own houses, they raise poultry, pigs, buffaloes.

Now-a-days, due to commercialization the men have had to start search for outside jobs for wages in far off plantations and oil fields. Some have even migrated for salaried jobs.

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From Gawai Kelingkang to bring or celebrate good fortune

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The Iban female traditional attire is called the "Ngepan Indu". It  is worn for special occasions (Hari Gawai), ceremonies, rituals and dances. The attire consist of different layers and accessories such as Sugu tinggi, Marik empang, kain kebat, tumpa, gelang, selampai, rawai for the female attire.

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Flower motif. Inspire by nature

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NGAJAT
-A dance to celebrate the Gawai Dayak Festival which is the Harvest festival
- Men dancers are called Keling and women dancers are called Kumang
- Ngajat for men is more aggressive
-Ngajat for women is more graceful and soft

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Ayam Pansuh - Chicken cooked in bamboo

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1. Ban Iban Language translation of the Bible (2003)
This could disrupt church services  for rural villages that only use the Iban language in their daily lives.

Source: http://www.ea.org.au/ea-family/Religious-Liberty/Malaysia--Government-bans-the-Iban-language-Bible-

2. Not too many kindergartens that focus on teaching Iban Language
Research has shown that students would be doing better at primary and secondary levels if at the preschool level they had been taught in their mother tongues. That's not the case for Ibans, cause even if there are such kindergartens there's not too many & are privately funded by retired teachers themselves.

Source: http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/10/02/mother-tongue-first/

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The pua kumbu is the hand-woven warp ikat textile of the Iban, represents the quintessence of Iban culture. It is, depending on the design, historical archive, a mythological or religious story or a personal tale. It is a statement about the soul of the weaver and her relationship with the spirits.

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Iban people have two kind of education which is formal education and informal education.

FORMAL EDUCATION
Schooling implies different kind of curriculum activities for people who go to school. The formal education of Iban people only reach at secondary school level.
In addition, bahasa Iban s also a subject for SPM.
INFORMAL EDUCATION
At the age of 7-8, the girls and boys of the tribe are taught different skills by their family members.
1. The girls learn household work which will help her in future to manage her own house. They will train by their mother or grandmother about how to weave a sarong, basket and mats.

2. The boys learn more of the outdoor skills which will help him support and and provide for his future family, teach them the ways of preserving the family’s properties, either at home or on the field, and also learn how to harvest their farmland.

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The Ibans are a branch of the Dayak people in Borneo.Most Ibans are found in Sarawak (East Malaysia, there are a small portion located in Sabah and also in West Malaysia. The Iban tribe has a fearsome image to others as they are known for practices such as headhunting. However, the Ibans in this era are more civilize and headhunting is no longer practiced. Ibans live in longhouses which is also known as Rumah Panjang.

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The tribe still follow the predominant style of longhouses, from when headhunting was endemic, at which time this style of housing was way of defence, at that time it consisted of a group of descendants of the founders. They have continued it as a ritual unit attached to other family units each built by a separate family,
where all the residents share responsibility towards health of the community. Each bilik is one autonomous unit. The people of each longhouse or the neighbouring houses marry among themselves. In situations of disputes first they try to resolve it between themselves,  otherwise the next level is the headman of the longhouse, next level is the regional chief (different houses), next is government officers if they are not able to resolve it. The longhouses are further divided into classes according to braveness, wealth, commoners/slaves.

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GENDANG RAYAH

- Important traditional music instrument
-this instrument is only allowed to be played during religious festivals.

ENGKER

UMUNG-instruments made out of small pots
-1 set contains 8 small pots

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kjj
Mali means a taboo, they consider anything that is a displeasure to their gods and spirits as 'malli'. To that extent, that even the tribe children fear the word. In fact, the people
give no reason for using the word except that it has always been so from ages past. Violation of which, is met with sanctions so as to restore cosmic and social balance, and to ward off supernatural misfortune.
Examples:

1.) The silent omen;

If a person is going fishing, they cannot say they are, as they believe they will come up empty.

2.) Foretold tragedy; a particular bird if chirps, they return from the jungle as they consider it to be bad luck.

3.) Bloody house; they sacrifice an animal for blood before starting any project.

4.) At attaining maturity they again draw tattoos as a way of showing great spirit of their warrior ship.

5.) In customary marriages, they pay a fine to avoid any calamity.

6.) If this couple had blood relations, they shower themselves with the blood of animals in order to avoid any  disasters in the family.

7.) They also believe that if it rains when it is sunny, the death spirits, ghosts and giants hunt humans.

8.) In this tribe, they believe they have a supernatural job, as a head hunter. In which, they cut off an enemy's head, hang it infront of their houses to show bravery and greatness. They even offer the head food and have a few rituals as they believe it to be alive.

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To maintain order and peace, they have come up with general fines such as :

1. If a mischievous person scratches another person with his or her nails without cause, the offender is fined sigi panding, $2.00.

2. If an angry person spits at another person without cause, the offender is fined a chicken, a knife and sigi panding, $2.00.

3. If a person curses another, and later on the person who was cursed falls sick or is wounded by a weapon, the one who cursed him is fined tungkal sumpah (“a sudden injury or accident caused by a curse”), i.e. sigi alas ngerang, $5.00, a sow and a nyabor knife.

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The Iban male is dressed in Baju Burung (vest) and sirat woven (loincloth) which is a warrior's outfit. They also wear accessories

such as a belt, armlet and anklet made from silver and a headgear

decorated with hornbill feathers.

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Today, a large number of Iban have become Christians.

But maintain a lot of traditional and cultural heritage from their ancestors.

Iban believe that the world is a place where every object has a soul of its own.

It also believes that in daily activities, the soul of men (mensia) and that of Gods (petara) or spirits (antu) often influence one another.

This belief influences the traditional Iban cultural values and social sanctions.

Old belief: Iban Gods communicate through the calls of birds (Sengalang Burong and Family) and other visible signs made by the action of animals or insects.

Additionally, special ritual experts (Lemambang/Manang – Bart) are consulted before we undertake any important activity, such as beginning of the annual cycle rice cultivation (Gawai Batu), building a new house (Gawai Pangkung Tiang), or before going on important expeditions.

Now, such practices have been abandoned (Not Completely). But for Christian Ibans, these rituals are adapted to fit their religion.

For example, substituting traditional ritual practices with Christian practice of prayers and sprinkling of the holy water.

Source: https://ibanpedia.wordpress.com/2011/07/25/ibans-culture-and-belief-system/

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The Iban tribe speaks a language named Jaku Iban. It is something similar to Malay, but more towards Sarawakian Malay. The Iban language is also tested in PMR and SPM, which is an examination taken by the Malaysians.
Examples of Iban words:

1. AKU – I,me

2. NUAN/DIK/KUAK - You

3. SAYAU – Love

4. ENJOK – Give

5. KANGAU – Call

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The Ibans constituted 30.3 of the total citizens in Sarawak.
(Source)

Extra:
Sarawak has a population of 2.5 million.
(Source)

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Usually abstract and have symbolic meaning.
The neck tattoo protect the head from being cut.

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Local Norms/Taboos

1. Local Belief:

When they come across a bird chirp from a certain bird known as the Burung Ketupong, it means bad luck and they should avoid going anywhere or else they will get harmed.

2.Marriage:

The boys in the Iban tribe will have their marriage arranged when they reach about 22 or 23 years old as they are considered matured to start their own family.

3. Deaths:

The Ibans believe that whenever it rains while the day is sunny, it is the moment for death spirits to go out hunting for humans.

4. Pregnancy:

Husband and wife only observe Taboos during the seventh month of the pregnancy.

-Both husband and wife are prohibited to handle knives or else the child will be born deaf.

- They are prohibited to carry stones on their backs otherwise their child will be born paralysed.