# data[].attributes.body
AD 760-830

Large Buddhist monument located in central Java.

On the monument, depictions of sailing are carved into the walls, showing that sailing was readily available and well known.

The fact that the monument is dedicated to Buddhism shows that the islands of Java had connections to India and Indonesia.

The monument also has Austronesian form which shows that both Buddhism and Austronesian influences were adapting together.

Source:
Scarre, Chris., ed. The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. London, Thames & Hudson Ltd. 2013.

Graphic: https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/02/25/fd/10/buddhas-at-borobudur.jpg

# data[].attributes.body
No decisive date available

Was a very successful civilization, then collapsed for unknown reasons.

Also known as Easter Island, it is best recognized from the islands Moai, enormous stone structures that were carved, then moved to their resting places by the residents.

One theory is that the civilization developed so quickly, and population rose so quickly, that their civilization exceeded the carrying capacity of the island, and running out of resources.

Another theory presented is that European settlers enslaved the inhabitants.

There is another theory that the inhabitants of Rapa Nui engaged in warfare with other islands, or Europeans.

Either way, the inhabitants of Rapa Nui were very advanced, as they put enormous amounts of effort to carve large stone statues and move them across the island. Even though it is unknown as to how they disappeared, their influence is still well known.

Source:
Botkin-Kowacki, Eva. 2016. "Rapa Nui Mystery: What really Happened on Easter Island?" The Christian Science Monitor, Feb 17. http://search.proquest.com.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/docview/1765637815?accountid=14784.

Scarre, Chris., ed. The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. London, Thames & Hudson Ltd. 2013.

Graphic: https://www.easterisland.travel/images/media/images/archaeology/tongariki-15-moai-statues.jpg

# data[].attributes.body
1st millenium AD

Along with the construction of the wheel, this is by far one of the most important items created by ancient Polynesians.

Was able to carry domesticated livestock, crops, supplies, and many people inside, so when the adventurers found an island to settle, they had everything they needed to survive.

After the creation of the double sailing canoe, the uninhabited polynesian islands were settled fairly quickly.

Later use of the double sailing canoe was for warfare.

Source:
Scarre, Chris., ed. The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. London, Thames & Hudson Ltd. 2013.

Graphic: http://www.taimaui.org/images/boats/Pahi.jpg

# data[].attributes.body
1350-900 BC

The Lapita pottery has been called the most complex form of ceramics ever to develop in the Pacific Islands.

Lapita Pottery itself, isn't the most important aspect that the Lapita people brought with them when they colonized the islands.

They brought their linguistic patterns, economic patterns, as well as settlement patterns.

All of these different patterns can be traced to when the Lapita arrived at the separate islands only due to their pottery.

Pottery was sand/shell tempered, which is not seen in any other Pacific Island culture.

Source:
"Lapita Pottery Archaeological Sites (A national Serial Site for consideration as the Kingdom of Tonga's contribution to a transnational serial site listing)." UNESCO, September, 2007. whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5168/

Scarre, Chris., ed. The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. London, Thames & Hudson Ltd. 2013.

Graphic: http://www.teara.govt.nz/files/o1766au.jpg

# data[].attributes.body
3000 BC - AD 1250

The pottery is very distinguishable, being cord-marked, red painted, and red slipped.

Originally crafted in Taiwan, showing an advanced culture where pottery styles could develop.

Pottery slowly moves through the Pacific Islands, creating a timeline for when each society was contacted by the Taiwanese or other Pacific Islands that had been previously contacted by the Taiwanese.

Source:
Scarre, Chris., ed. The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. London, Thames & Hudson Ltd. 2013.

# data[].attributes.body
3500-800 years ago

Although there is some debate as to where the Austronesians originated from, their arrival to the Pacific Islands was essential.

With their arrival on the different Pacific Islands, they brought with them their complex linguistic patterns.

Every Island that adopted their language could now interact with the other islands with a language that both could understand.

Source:
Peralta, Jesus T. "In Focus: The Austronesian Expansion- a Reation to "Paths of Origin."" National Commission for Culture and the Arts. June, 2011.

Scarre, Chris., ed. The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. London, Thames & Hudson Ltd. 2013.

Graphic: http://www.worldhistory.biz/uploads/posts/2015-09/273q-30.jpg

# data[].attributes.body
18th-19th Century

Smallpox introduced rapidly, killing many Aboriginals.

Killed off a large percent of the elderly population, which destroyed their ability to share stories passed down from generations.

Created more advanced trade that allowed Aboriginals to acquire metal items.

Food staples changed as Aboriginals gained access to dugout canoes as well as fishing tools that let them hunt large marine mammals.

European contact led to the aquiration of new tools and food that allowed the Aboriginals to become more sedentary as well as allowed them to grow in number.

Unfortunatley they may have lost a small amount of stories that had been passed on from generation to generation.

Source:
Scarre, Chris., ed. The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. London, Thames & Hudson Ltd. 2013.

Graphic:
http://sydney.edu.au/images/content/news/yolgnu_macleay_museum3.jpg

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

# data[].attributes.body
1800 BC

There is no ecological reason why Tasmanians would explain their cessation of fishing, which means that it was a cultural decision.

It has been proposed that the increase of colder climate forced them to switch from fish to more fat-rich foods.

Cessection of fishing related to Tasmanians moving inland, hunting terrestrial animals, allowing their human populations to grow.

Source: Scarre, Chris., ed. The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. London, Thames & Hudson Ltd. 2013.

# data[].attributes.body
2,000 BC

Climate change not only affected the art, but it also affected the tools used.

Foraging was made more difficult because the climate was no longer warm and moist, but cool and dry.

Tools had to be more stable and more reliable than the tools that they could break easily.

Hunting large game animals was made easier with the creation of sharp reliable tools.

More meat allowed for a more sedentary lifestyle.

Source:
Scarre, Chris., ed. The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. London, Thames & Hudson Ltd. 2013.

Graphic: http://www.qm.qld.gov.au/Find+out+about/Behind+the+Scenes/~/media/3B9EB6FD636A4975A7D7EADA15299F04.jpg?w=350&h=250&as=1

# data[].attributes.body
20,000 -30,000 years ago

Rock art begins to change in form, showing changes in climate during the Mid-Holocene.

Instead of depicting terrestrial animals and yams, the art started to depict aquatic animals.

This means that their diet was changing to one more suitable with marine encroachment associated with rising sea levels.

Source:
Scarre, Chris., ed. The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. London, Thames & Hudson Ltd. 2013.

Graphic:
https://s-media-cache ak0.pinimg.com/736x/e5/e9/fb/e5e9fba89524f1e50c52a9f55d6eba1c.jpg