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Great Britain's victory over France in the Seven Years' War, also known as the French and Indian War, gave it control over all of eastern North America. Most native tribes had allied with the French during the conflict, and they soon found themselves dissatisfied by British rule. In May 1763, just a few months after the formal conclusion of the Seven Years' War, a pan-tribal confederacy led by Ottawa chief Pontiac rose up in rebellion. His warriors attacked a dozen British forts, capturing eight of them, and raided numerous frontier settlements. Hundreds died in the process. In response, the British handed out smallpox-infected blankets to Pontiac's followers. Moreover, a gang of whites known as the Paxton Boys massacred 20 defenseless Native Americans who had nothing to do with the fighting.

In an attempt to prevent similar incidents from occurring, King George III issued a royal proclamation on October 7, 1763, which established three new mainland colonies (Quebec, West Florida and East Florida), extended Georgia's southern border and gave land to soldiers who had fought in the Seven Years' War. More notably, it banned colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains, at least "for the present, and until our further pleasure be known." Those colonists already there were ordered to relocate. Acknowledging that "great frauds and abuses have been committed," the proclamation furthermore prohibited individuals from buying tribal territory. Instead, only the crown could now make such purchases. "We shall avoid many future quarrels with the savages by this salutary measure," said General Thomas Gage, who commanded all British forces in North America.

The British made a perfunctory effort to enforce the proclamation, periodically stopping settlers as they headed west and forcibly removing others. On one occasion, redcoats from Fort Pitt in present-day Pittsburgh even burned the huts of some nearby pioneers and escorted them back across the boundary. For the most part, though, colonists disregarded the proclamation without fear of punishment. Some wanted only enough land for themselves and their families, whereas others were speculators looking to make a hefty profit down the road. George Washington, for one, wrote to his agent in 1767 in support of illegally buying as much Native American land as possible. The Proclamation of 1763 will soon be revoked, Washington explained, because-"this I say between ourselves"-it was only meant "as a temporary expedient to quiet the minds of the Indians." Other famous speculators included Patrick Henry, best known for his "Give me liberty or give me death" speech, and Henry Laurens, who later served as president of the Continental Congress.

Washington's prediction proved prescient the following year, when the British moved the boundary line westward as part of the Treaty of Fort Stanwix. Under the deal, the Iroquois agreed to give up parts of present-day New York, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Tennessee and West Virginia in exchange for cash, gifts and the (soon-to-be-broken) promise of a permanent border. But although the Iroquois claimed those lands, they did not live there. The tribes that did, such as the Shawnee, were infuriated, and ended up going to war with the British in 1774. Meanwhile, further south, the Cherokee surrendered tens of thousands of square miles in a series of treaties. Also losing territory were the Creeks, who purportedly referred to the colonists as Ecunnaunuxulgee, or "People greedily grasping after the lands of the red people."

Ultimately, the new acquisitions failed to quiet colonial discontent with the Proclamation of 1763. And though it would be later overshadowed by other complaints against the British, such as the Sugar Act, the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts, the so-called Intolerable Acts and the Boston Massacre, it remained enough of a concern that the Declaration of Independence criticized King George III for "raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands." By winning their freedom from the British in 1783, the Americans rendered the proclamation moot. But it has lived on to this day in Canada, where it forms the legal basis for native land rights. "We must recall the intent that brought all our ancestors together so many years ago," Shawn A-in-chut Atleo, national chief of Canada's Assembly of First Nations, said earlier today at a 250th anniversary event, "and ensure that [we live up] to the promises in the treaties and other agreements that stem from the foundation of the royal proclamation."

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Great Britain's victory over France in the Seven Years' War, also known as the French and Indian War, gave it control over all of eastern North America. Most native tribes had allied with the French during the conflict, and they soon found themselves dissatisfied by British rule.

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Peace Treaty of Paris
A Treaty of Paris could refer to any number of more than 25 treaties which have been negotiated and signed in Paris, France. There were two important Peace treaties, signed in Paris, that had a significant effect on the history of America during the 18th century (1700's):

The Peace Treaty of Paris 1763 ended the French Indian War (aka the Seven Years War)

The Peace Treaty of Paris 1783 formally ended the American Revolutionary War for Independence

The history and events leading up to the signing of 1783 Peace Treaty of Paris, its terms and their significance to the American colonists is fully detailed in this article.

The Definition and Summary of the Fact: This Paris Peace Treaty concluded the Summary of the Peace Treaty of Paris 1783
American War for Independence. The 1783 Peace Treaty of Paris was one of several treaties concluding the American Revolutionary War and signed by representatives of Great Britain on one side and the United States, France, and Spain on the other. The 1783 Peace Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3, 1783 during the reign of King George III.

The Peace Treaties of Paris
ended major wars in America

The American Revolutionary War was formally ended

The British acknowledged the independence of the United States

The colonial empire of Great Britain was destroyed in North America

U.S. boundaries were established

Map North America 1783

The important dates, people and events surrounding the Peace Treaty of Paris signed in 1783 are fully detailed in the following Facts File. The 1783 Treaty of Paris Facts file provides an easy and fast way to gain facts, information and an overview of this important event in the history of America. The above map shows the lands in North America that were claimed by the United States. The following article provides details of the the nine articles that embodied the Peace Treaty of Paris 1783. The Peace Treaty of Paris 1783

The Peace Treaty of Paris 1783

Fact 1

Background: The British laid down their arms at the Battle of Yorktown on October 19, 1781, and surrendered to the United States. The British army was decimated and the American Revolutionary war was virtually over. Minor battles between the British and the colonists continued for another 2 years until February 1783 when King George III issued the Proclamation of Cessation of Hostilities. Battle of Yorktown - Surrender of Lord Cornwallis

Fact 2

John Adams was Diplomat to France. He was sent to France in 1782 and helped create the Treaty of Paris with Benjamin Franklin and John Jay which finally ended the American Revolution

Fact 3

September, 1783: Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay brought the negotiations for peace to an end

Fact 11

The American Congress of the Confederation ratified the Treaty of Paris on January 14, 1784

The Peace Treaty of Paris 1783

Interesting facts about the American Peace Treaty of Paris 1783

The 1783 Peace Treaty of Paris history

Fast Info about the Peace Treaty of Paris 1783

The Peace Treaty of Paris 1783 is a great history timeline resource for kids

Social Studies Homework help for kids detailing the 1783 Peace Treaty of Paris

1783 Treaty of Paris Text

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Peace Treaty of Paris A Treaty of Paris could refer to any number of more than 25 treaties which have been negotiated and signed in Paris, France.

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These three documents, known collectively as the Charters of Freedom, have secured the rights of the American people for more than two and a quarter centuries and are considered instrumental to the founding and philosophy of the United States.

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These three documents, known collectively as the Charters of Freedom, have secured the rights of the American people for more than two and a quarter centuries and are considered instrumental to the founding and philosophy of the United States.

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Britain and the Imperial Crises

Throughout most of colonial history, the British Crown was the only political institution that united the American colonies. The Imperial Crises of the 1760s and 1770s, found England saddled with crippling debt, incurred in large part by wars such as the French and Indian War.

The British government responded by increasing taxes on the American colonists, which drove the colonies toward greater unity. Americans throughout the 13 colonies united in opposition to the new system of imperial taxation initiated by the British government in 1765.

The Stamp Act of that year-the first direct, internal tax imposed on the colonists by the British Parliament-inspired concerted resistance within the colonies. Nine colonial assemblies sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress, an extralegal convention that met to coordinate the colonies' response to the new tax. Although the Stamp Act Congress was short-lived, it hinted at the enhanced unity among the colonies that would soon follow.

Did you know? Almost every significant political figure of the American Revolution served in the Continental Congress, including Samuel Adams, John Adams, John Hancock, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Patrick Henry and George Washington.

Colonial opposition effectively killed the Stamp Act and brought about its repeal in 1766. The British government did not abandon its claim to the authority to pass laws for the colonies, however, and would make repeated attempts to exert its power over them in the years to follow.

Taxation Without Representation

In response to the violence of the Boston Massacre of 1770 and new taxes like the Tea Act of 1773, a group of frustrated colonists protested taxation without representation by dumping 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor on the night of December 16, 1773 - an event known to history as Boston Tea Party.

Colonists continued to coordinate their resistance to new imperial measures, but between 1766 until 1774, they did so primarily through committees of correspondence, which exchanged ideas and information, rather than through a united political body.

The First Continental Congress

On September 5, 1774, delegates from each of the 13 colonies-except Georgia, which was fighting a Native American uprising and was dependent on the British for military supplies-met at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia as the First Continental Congress to organize colonial resistance to the Intolerable Acts (or Coercive Acts) recently passed by the British Parliament.

The delegates included a number of future luminaries, such as future presidents John Adams of Massachusetts and George Washington of Virginia, and future U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice and diplomat John Jay of New York. The Congress was structured with emphasis on the equality of participants, and to promote free debate.

After much discussion, the Congress issued a Declaration of Rights, affirming its loyalty to the British Crown but disputing the British Parliament's right to tax it without representation in the parliament. The Congress also passed the Articles of Association, which called on the colonies to stop importing goods from the British Isles beginning on December 1, 1774, if the Intolerable Acts were not repealed.

Should Britain fail to redress the colonists' grievances in a timely manner, the Congress declared, then it would reconvene on May 10, 1775, and the colonies would cease to export goods to Britain on September 10, 1775. After proclaiming these measures, the First Continental Congress disbanded on October 26, 1774.

Second Continental Congress

As promised, Congress reconvened at Independence Hall in Philadelphia as the Second Continental Congress on May 10, 1775-and by then the American Revolution had already begun.

The British army in Boston had met with armed resistance on the morning of April 19, 1775, when it marched out to the towns of Lexington and Concord to seize a cache of weapons held by colonial Patriots who had ceased to recognize the authority of the royal government of Massachusetts.

The colonists drove the British expedition back to Boston and laid siege to the town. The Revolutionary War had begun.

Fighting for Reconciliation

Although the Congress professed its abiding loyalty to the British Crown, it also took steps to preserve its rights by dint of arms. On June 14, 1775, a month after it reconvened, it created a united colonial fighting force, the Continental Army. The next day, it named George Washington as the new army's commander in chief.

The following month, the Continental Congress issued its "Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms," penned by John Dickinson of Pennsylvania, a veteran of the First Congress whose "Letters from a Farmer of Pennsylvania" (1767) had helped arouse opposition to earlier imperial measures, and by a newcomer from Virginia, Thomas Jefferson.

In an effort to avoid a full-scale war, Congress coupled this declaration with the Olive Branch Petition, a personal appeal to Britain's King George III, asking him to help the colonists resolve their differences with Britain. The king dismissed the petition out of hand.

Common Sense, Divided Loyalties

For over a year, the Continental Congress supervised a war against a country to which it proclaimed its loyalty. In fact, both the Congress and the people it represented were divided on the question of independence even after a year of open warfare against Great Britain.

Early in 1776, a number of factors began to strengthen the call for separation. In his stirring pamphlet " Common Sense," published in January of that year, the British immigrant Thomas Paine laid out a convincing argument in favor of independence.

At the same time, many Americans came to realize that their military might not be capable of defeating the British Empire on its own. Independence would allow it to form alliances with Britain's powerful rivals-and France was at the forefront of everyone's mind. Meanwhile, the war itself evoked hostility toward Britain among the citizenry, paving the way for independence.

Declaration of Independence

In the spring of 1776, the provisional colonial governments began to send new instructions to their congressional delegates, obliquely or directly allowing them to vote for independence. The provisional government of Virginia went further: It instructed its delegation to submit a proposal for independence before Congress.

On June 7, Virginia delegate Richard Henry Lee complied with his instructions. Congress postponed a final vote on the proposal until July 1, but appointed a committee to draft a provisional declaration of independence for use should the proposal pass.

The committee consisted of five men, including John Adams and Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania. But the declaration was primarily the work of one man, Thomas Jefferson, who penned an eloquent defense of the natural rights of all people, of which, he charged, Parliament and the king had tried to deprive the American nation.

The Continental Congress made several revisions to Jefferson's draft, removing, among other things, an attack on the institution of slavery; but on July 4, 1776, the Congress voted to approve the Declaration of Independence.

Waging the War

The Declaration of Independence allowed Congress to seek alliances with foreign countries, and the fledgling U.S. formed its most important alliance early in 1778 with France, without the support of which America might well have lost the Revolutionary War.

If the Franco-American alliance was one of Congress's greatest successes, funding and supplying the war were among its worst failures. Lacking a pre-existing infrastructure, Congress struggled throughout the war to provide the Continental Army with adequate supplies and provisions.

Exacerbating the problem, Congress had no mechanism to collect taxes to pay for the war; instead, it relied on contributions from the states, which generally directed whatever revenue they raised toward their own needs. As a result, the paper money issued by Congress quickly came to be regarded as worthless.

The Articles of Confederation

Congress's inability to raise revenue would bedevil it for its entire existence, even after it created a constitution, known as the Articles of Confederation, to define its powers. Drafted and adopted by the Congress in 1777 but not ratified until 1781, it effectively established the United States as a collection of 13 sovereign states, each of which had an equal voice in Congress (which became officially known as the Congress of the Confederation) regardless of population.

Under the Articles, congressional decisions were made based on a state-by-state vote, and the Congress had little ability to enforce its decisions. The Articles of Confederation would prove incapable of governing the new nation in a time of peace, but they did not seriously undermine the war effort, both because the war was effectively winding down before the Articles took effect, and because Congress ceded many executive war powers to General Washington.

Treaty of Paris

Congress's final triumph came in 1783 when it negotiated the Treaty of Paris, officially ending the Revolutionary War. The Congressional delegates Franklin, Jay and Adams secured a favorable peace for the U.S. that included not only the recognition of independence, but also claim to almost all of the territory south of Canada and east of the Mississippi River.

On November 25, 1783, the last British troops evacuated New York City. The Revolutionary War was over and Congress had helped to see the country through.

However, the Articles of Confederation proved an imperfect instrument for a nation at peace with the world. The years immediately following the end of the Revolutionary War in 1783 presented the young American nation with a series of difficulties that Congress could not adequately remedy: dire financial straits, interstate rivalries and domestic insurrection.

Legacy of the Continental Congress

A movement developed for constitutional reform, culminating in the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. The delegates at the convention decided to scrap the Articles of Confederation completely and create a new system of government.

In 1789, the new U.S. Constitution went into effect and the Continental Congress adjourned forever and was replaced by the U.S. Congress. Although the Continental Congress did not function well in a time of peace, it had steered the nation through one of its worst crises, declared its independence and helped to win a war to secure that independence.
READ MORE: What Did the Three Continental Congresses Do?
Sources

Continental Congress, 1774-1781. U.S. Department of State. Office of the Historian.
First Continental Congress. George Washington's Mount Vernon.
The Continental Congress. PBS: American Experience.
Continental and Confederation Congresses. U.S. House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives.
The Second Continental Congress and the Declaration of Independence. National Park Service.

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Continental Congress: First, Second & Definition - HISTORY

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Throughout most of colonial history, the British Crown was the only political institution that united the American colonies. The Imperial Crises of the 1760s and 1770s, found England saddled with crippling debt, incurred in large part by wars such as the French and Indian War.

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Contents

1. Why Did the Boston Tea Party Happen?

2. Boston Massacre Enrages Colonists

3. Tea Act Imposed

4. Sons of Liberty

5. What Happened at the Boston Tea Party?

6. Boston Tea Party Aftermath

7. Who Organized the Boston Tea Party?

8. Coercive Acts

9. Second Boston Tea Party

10. First Continental Congress Is Convened

The Boston Tea Party was a political protest that occurred on December 16, 1773, at Griffin's Wharf in Boston, Massachusetts. American colonists, frustrated and angry at Britain for imposing "taxation without representation," dumped 342 chests of tea, imported by the British East India Company into the harbor. The event was the first major act of defiance to British rule over the colonists. It showed Great Britain that Americans wouldn't take taxation and tyranny sitting down, and rallied American patriots across the 13 colonies to fight for independence.

Why Did the Boston Tea Party Happen?

In the 1760s, Britain was deep in debt, so British Parliament imposed a series of taxes on American colonists to help pay those debts.

The Stamp Act of 1765 taxed colonists on virtually every piece of printed paper they used, from playing cards and business licenses to newspapers and legal documents. The Townshend Acts of 1767 went a step further, taxing essentials such as paint, paper, glass, lead and tea.

The British government felt the taxes were fair since much of its debt was earned fighting wars on the colonists' behalf. The colonists, however, disagreed. They were furious at being taxed without having any representation in Parliament, and felt it was wrong for Britain to impose taxes on them to gain revenue.
READ MORE: 7 Events That Enraged Colonists and Led to the American Revolution
Boston Massacre Enrages Colonists

On March 5, 1770, a street brawl happened in Boston between American colonists and British soldiers.

Later known as the Boston Massacre, the fight began after an unruly group of colonists-frustrated with the presence of British soldiers in their streets- flung snowballs, ice and oyster shells at a British sentinel guarding the Boston Customs House.

Reinforcements arrived and opened fire on the mob, killing five colonists and wounding six. The Boston Massacre and its fallout further incited the colonists' rage towards Britain.

Tea Act Imposed

Britain eventually repealed the taxes it had imposed on the colonists except the tea tax. It wasn't about to give up tax revenue on the nearly 1.2 million pounds of tea the colonists drank each year.

In protest, the colonists boycotted tea sold by British East India Company and smuggled in Dutch tea, leaving British East India Company with millions of pounds of surplus tea and facing bankruptcy.

In May 1773, British Parliament passed the Tea Act which allowed British East India Company to sell tea to the colonies duty-free and much cheaper than other tea companies - but still tax the tea when it reached colonial ports.

Tea smuggling in the colonies increased, although the cost of the smuggled tea soon surpassed that of tea from British East India Company with the added tea tax.

Still, with the help of prominent tea smugglers such as John Hancock and Samuel Adams -who protested taxation without representation but also wanted to protect their tea smuggling operations-colonists continued to rail against the tea tax and Britain's control over their interests.

Sons of Liberty

The Sons of Liberty were a group of colonial merchants and tradesmen founded to protest the Stamp Act and other forms of taxation. The group of revolutionists included prominent patriots such as Benedict Arnold, Patrick Henry and Paul Revere, as well as Adams and Hancock.

Led by Adams, the Sons of Liberty held meetings rallying against British Parliament and protested the Griffin's Wharf arrival of Dartmouth, a British East India Company ship carrying tea. By December 16, 1773, Dartmouth had been joined by her sister ships, Beaver and Eleanor; all three ships loaded with tea from China.

That morning, as thousands of colonists convened at the wharf and its surrounding streets, a meeting was held at the Old South Meeting House where a large group of colonists voted to refuse to pay taxes on the tea or allow the tea to be unloaded, stored, sold or used. (Ironically, the ships were built in America and owned by Americans.)

Governor Thomas Hutchison refused to allow the ships to return to Britain and ordered the tea tariff be paid and the tea unloaded. The colonists refused, and Hutchison never offered a satisfactory compromise.
READ MORE: Who Were the Sons of Liberty?
What Happened at the Boston Tea Party?

That night, a large group of men - many reportedly members of the Sons of Liberty - disguised themselves in Native American garb, boarded the docked ships and threw 342 chests of tea into the water.

Said participant George Hewes, "We then were ordered by our commander to open the hatches and take out all the chests of tea and throw them overboard, and we immediately proceeded to execute his orders, first cutting and splitting the chests with our tomahawks, so as thoroughly to expose them to the effects of the water."

Hewes also noted that "We were surrounded by British armed ships, but no attempt was made to resist us."

Did you know? It took nearly three hours for more than 100 colonists to empty the tea into Boston Harbor. The chests held more than 90,000 lbs. (45 tons) of tea, which would cost nearly $1,000,000 dollars today.

Boston Tea Party Aftermath

While some important colonist leaders such as John Adams were thrilled to learn Boston Harbor was covered in tea leaves, others were not.

In June of 1774, George Washington wrote: "the cause of Boston...ever will be considered as the cause of America." But his personal views of the event were far different. He voiced strong disapproval of "their conduct in destroying the Tea" and claimed Bostonians "were mad." Washington, like many other elites, held private property to be sacrosanct.

Benjamin Franklin insisted the British East India Company be reimbursed for the lost tea and even offered to pay for it himself.

No one was hurt, and aside from the destruction of the tea and a padlock, no property was damaged or looted during the Boston Tea Party. The participants reportedly swept the ships' decks clean before they left.

Who Organized the Boston Tea Party?

Though led by Samuel Adams and his Sons of Liberty and organized by John Hancock, the names of many of those involved in the Boston Tea Party remain unknown. Thanks to their Native American costumes, only one of the tea party culprits, Francis Akeley, was arrested and imprisoned.

Even after American independence, participants refused to reveal their identities, fearing they could still face civil and criminal charges as well as condemnation from elites for the destruction of private property. Most participants in the Boston Tea Party were under the age of forty and sixteen of them were teenagers.

Coercive Acts

But despite the lack of violence, the Boston Tea Party didn't go unanswered by King George III and British Parliament.

In retribution, they passed the Coercive Acts (later known as the Intolerable Acts) which:

closed Boston Harbor until the tea lost in the Boston Tea Party was paid for

ended the Massachusetts Constitution and ended free elections of town officials

moved judicial authority to Britain and British judges, basically creating martial law in Massachusetts

required colonists to quarter British troops on demand

extended freedom of worship to French-Canadian Catholics under British rule, which angered the mostly Protestant colonists

Britain hoped the Coercive Acts would squelch rebellion in New England and keep the remaining colonies from uniting, but the opposite happened: All the colonies viewed the punitive laws as further evidence of Britain's tyranny and rallied to Massachusetts' aid, sending supplies and plotting further resistance.

Second Boston Tea Party

A second Boston Tea Party took place in March 1774, when around 60 Bostonians boarded the ship Fortune and dumped nearly 30 chests of tea into the harbor.

The event didn't earn nearly as much notoriety as the first Boston Tea Party, but it did encourage other tea-dumping demonstrations in Maryland, New York and South Carolina.

First Continental Congress Is Convened

Many colonists felt Britain's Coercive Acts went too far. On September 5, 1774, elected delegates from all 13 American colonies except Georgia met in Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia for the First Continental Congress to figure out how to resist British oppression.

The delegates were divided on how to move forward but the Boston Tea Party had united them in their fervor to gain independence. By the time they adjourned in October 1774, they'd written The Declaration and Resolves which:

censured Britain for passing the Coercive Acts and called for their repeal

established a boycott of British goods

declared the colonies had the right to govern independently

rallied colonists to form and train a colonial militia

Britain didn't capitulate and within months, the "shot heard round the world," rang out in Concord, Massachusetts, sparking the start of the American Revolutionary War.

Sources

A Tea Party Timeline: 1773-1775. Old South Meeting House.
The Boston Tea Party. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.
The Boston Tea Party. Massachusetts Historical Society.
The Boston Tea Party, 1773. EyewitnesstoHistory.com.
The Intolerable Acts. U.S.History.org.

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The Boston Tea Party was a political protest staged on December 16, 1773 at Griffin's Wharf in Boston, Massachusetts. American colonists, frustrated at Britain for imposing "taxation without representation," dumped 342 chests of British tea into the harbor. The event was the first major act of defiance to British rule over the colonists.

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Essays, trial transcript excerpts, images, chronology, biographical sketches, and other materials relating to the Boston Massacre trials of 1770.

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The Boston Tea Party (initially referred to by John Adams as "the Destruction of the Tea in Boston") was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, on December 16, 1773.

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Most of the LEARN NC Content has been archived using the Wayback Machine. Instructions for how to access that content is below, including links to frequently requested materials.

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The French & Indian War was fought in North America during the years of 1754-1763 between the British colonies and New France and their Native American allies. For more information on the French & Indian War, please read this. Submit your event here.

June 5-7, 2015
French & Indian War Encampment
The Fort at #4
Location: Charlestown, NH
Phone: 603.826.5700
Email: info at fortat4 dot com
Website: fortat4.org
Reenactors/Living Historians personifying British and French troops, rangers, militia, camp followers (family members, artificers, etc.), Native Americans and merchants gather to recreate the sights and sounds of the French and Indian War. Tickets are available online or at the gate.
Included during this two day event are:

tactical battle reenactments (1:30 PM both Saturday and Sunday)

open hearth cooking

campfire cooking

baking in our beehive oven

blacksmithing

textile production

joinery

July 3-5, 2015
French & Indian War Encampment
Old Fort Niagra
Location: Youngstown, NY
Phone: 716.745.7611
Website: http://www.oldfortniagara.org/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/oldfortniagara
Old Fort Niagara will recreate the dramatic events of the summer of 1759 on July 4-6, 2014 during the historic site's annual French and Indian War Encampment. The three-day event will feature two battle reenactments each day, 18th century artisans, music, living history programs and many other activities.
The event, now in its 35th year, brings hundreds of authentically-clad and equipped reenactors to the Fort to recreate the 19-day siege that ended French occupation of western New York. Event particiants portray Native American warriors as well as French and British soldiers who clashed over the strategic outpost at the Niagara's mouth 255 years ago.
French troops and their Native allies will occupy the Fort and its labrynth of earthen fortifications while British soldiers and their Native allies camp outside the Fort. Beginning Friday, the British will assault the Fort each day at 2:00 pm until the stronghold capitulates on Sunday afternoon.
Other programs earlier in the day will help visitors experience frontier life during the mid-18th century. A skirmish on Friday morning at 11:00 am will demonstrate frontier battle tactics. On Sunday at 11:00 am a reenactment of the Battle of La Belle Famille will vividly depict how France's last hope to hold Niagara was defeated. The event also includes military pageantry, uniform and clothing programs, musket and cannon firings, fur trading demonstrations, 18th century children's games and Native American councils.
Inside the Fort, 18th century merchants and artisans will establish a tent city where visitors have the opportunity to purchase period wares and see demonstrations of skills like blacksmithing, woodworking and soap making.
For Reenactors: free breakfast, ice, firewood and showers.

July 18-19, 2015
Montcalm's Cross: The 1758 Battle of Carillon Reenactment
Fort Ticonderoga
Location: Ticonderoga, NY
Phone: 518.585.2821
Email: info at fort-ticonderoga dot org
Website: http://www.fortticonderoga.org/events/category-1/montcalm-s-cross-the-1758-battle-of-carillon-re-enactment/detail
Facebook URL: https://www.facebook.com/FortTiconderoga?fref=ts
Join us July 18th and 19th, 2015 to discover how 257 years ago, the Battle of Carillon sealed the reputation of Ticonderoga for generations to come. Stand with the loyal and courageous French soldiers that defended the French lines against all odds, and meet the British and Provincial soldiers who gave their all to drive the French from the rocky peninsula and fortress of Ticonderoga.

August 15-16, 2015
French & Indian War Encampment
Old Bedford Village
Bedford, PA
Phone: 814.623.1156
Website: http://www.oldbedfordvillage.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/oldbedfordvillage
Musket firing, woodland skills and period cooking demonstration. Learn the history behind "America's First World War"

September 25-27, 2015
260th Anniversary of the Battle of Lake George, Battlefield Park, Lake George, NY
Location: Lake George, NY
Contact: Melodie
Phone: 518.744.8891
Email: melodiev at fortwilliamhenry dot com
British, French and Native American reenactors will recreate an 18th century military camp on the grounds of Lake George Battlefield Park. Skirmishes, battle reenactments, camp life, military drill and discipline. Reenactment of the Battle of Lake George. 18th century merchants and more. Camps open: Saturday 9 am - 5 pm; Sunday 9 am - 4 pm.

October 2, 2015
March to Fort Edward
For more information call: 518.668.2346
The troops will leave Fort William Henry for the 16 miles march to Fort Edward! Following the current Warren Co bike path, which is similar to the location of the old military road, the soldiers and allies will march, stopping at selected locations, to reach Fort Edward to join the "end of the campaign".

October 3-4, 2015
"The End of the Campaign", Rogers Island, Fort Edward
18th century encampment and reenactment on Rogers Island. Robert Rogers wrote his rules of ranging while based at Fort Edward. These rules are the basis of special forces operations even today. Join British, French, Native American and Provincial troops as they prepare for the "End of the Campaign" for the year. Reenactment of skirmishes, military camp life, merchants and more.

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French & Indian War Events - Living History Resources

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The French & Indian War was fought in North America during the years of 1754-1763 between the British colonies and New France and their Native American allies. For more information on the French & Indian War, please read this. Submit your event here.

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Plan was to create a unified government for the 13 colonies. Planned a defense system for the upcoming war.

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Series of acts Passed. Purpose was to raise revenue in the colonies.

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On April 19, 1775 Militia won the battle. First military engagements of the Revolutionary War.

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Built Patriot confidence. Continental army lost 450 soldiers and Britain lost 1054 soldiers.

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The Battle of Saratoga was a major turning point in the revolutionary war. The US army made the British troops surrender their weapons and stop fighting on October 17, 1777

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was a meeting held between October 7 and 25, 1765 in New York City, consisting of representatives from some of the British colonies in North America; it was the first gathering of elected representatives from several of the American colonies to devise a unified protest against new British taxation.

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The Boston Massacre, known as the Incident on King Street by the British, was an incident on March 5, 1770, in which British Army soldiers killed five male civilians and injured six others.

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The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France, as well as their respective allies. In the terms of the treaty, France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, effectively ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there.

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The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies that met on September 5 to October 26, 1774 at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution.

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It succeeded the First Continental Congress, which met between September 5, 1774 and October 26, 1774, also in Philadelphia. The second Congress managed the colonial war effort, and moved incrementally towards independence, adopting the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.

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The Stamp Act was an act passed by Britain that implemented a tax on all paper materials such as stamps, newspapers, etc.

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General George Washington's army crossed the icy Delaware on Christmas Day 1776 and, over the course of the next 10 days, won two crucial battles of the American Revolution. In the Battle of Trenton (December 26), Washington defeated a formidable garrison of Hessian mercenaries before withdrawing.

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The Intolerable Acts was the colonists' name for the Acts passed by Britain to punish the Massachusetts colonists for the Boston Tea Party. These Acts included the Quebec Act.

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The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4th 1776 when the US declared independence from Great Britain. The founding fathers put their lives on the line to help create a new country.

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Written by John Bay, Ben Franklin, and John Adams. The treaty granted independence to the US. Gave them the land west of the Mississippi River, North of the Great lakes and South of Florida. Loyalists weren't persecuted.

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a war that was launched in 1763 by a loose confederation of elements of Native American tribes primarily from the Great Lakes region, the Illinois Country, and Ohio Country who were dissatisfied with British postwar policies in the Great Lakes region

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The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War, which forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains.

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This is the war between the French and Indians vs. the British, they were fighting over the Ohio River Valley area. The British won the war and took control of New France and the territory west of the Mississippi River. Spain got the Eastern territories.

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This act was passed to help the East India Company from bankruptcy. It was a heavy tax on the tea for all of the colonists.