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Gains from cooperation: can our politicians and institutions deliver it in time?

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Gains from cooperation: can our politicians and institutions deliver it in time?

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If the pandemic has shown anything, it is that the extent to which fortunes of all countries are interdependent. No one country is protected from the virus until all countries are protected/vaccinated. The potential gains from international cooperation are immense and the costs of not cooperating and equally large.  Surely this provides a catalyst for the institutional changes necessary to develop a global vaccination system.  Can our politicians and international institutions do it? If not, what needs to change (we don’t have much time)?

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For years WHO has struggled to persuade nation states to contribute to meet global health needs. How can we coordinate and finance the much needed global COVID needs

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For years WHO has struggled to persuade nation states to contribute to meet global health needs. How can we coordinate and finance the much needed global COVID needs

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For years WHO has struggled to persuade nation states to contribute to meet global health needs. How can we coordinate the global effort and necessary finance to address COVID needs

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I wonder whether the solution to the IP problem could be a requirement that for pharmaceutical companies to get access to government support, they must share IP with developing countries in certain circumstances. A bit like public hospitals in the US are required not to turn patients away as a condition of being given public funding. The details would be complex - in what circumstances is sharing mandating, what kind of international convention could require this - but it is perhaps worth examining.

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This is the first global-health emergency in which new treatments are being rolled out to poor countries at about the same time as in richer ones. That process will undoubtedly be fraught with inequity. It is still worth celebrating? This inequality is what created this pandemic in the first place. Have we come far enough?

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Given that covid strains are often referenced by their country of origin (e.g. south Africa variant, Brazil variant etc.) How do you see this impacting vaccine equality? Do you see it (dis)advantage these countries?

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How will expensive vaccines (in terms of storage and distribution), such as Pfizer and Moderna vaccine, play out in medical distribution for low income countries? Even if vaccines are available, will LICs be able to give them?

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How do we take into account the vaccination needs of irregular migrants / forced migrants who are either registered with UNHCR or self-settled?

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what do you think about the access to vaccines in West Bank and Gaza, and eslewhere? what can be done about it

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How much truth is there to the comments on hoarding vaccines?

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Many people, governments and organisations seem to suggest that life after a vaccine, life will return to pre-Covid times. Is this really the case? What do you think will be the lasting changes of Covid in governmental, political, cultural and social aspects on our society? And – should we be retaining our habits of Covid-life?

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In the long term, the real equity would be when countries of the developing world are able to manufacture their own vaccines. In what way is the WHO working with the developing world to achieve this before the next pandemic?

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In the long term, the real equity would be when countries of the developing world are able to manufacture their own vaccines. In what way is the WHO working with the developing world to achieve this before the next pandemic?

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All countries are engaging in vaccine diplomacy of some form, but some are singled out a lot more than others. E.g. China's apporach has been seen as "expanding its political and economic interest", whereas the non-engament and hoarding of Western industrialised countries don't quite get the same treatment. This dynamic is certainly not conduicive to achieving gloabl vaccine equity. What could global leaders do to change that? What could the WHO do? Thank you.

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Is Canada really hoarding vaccines? (Especially since so few are vaccinated there)

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Great article in the Conversation by Mike Jennings of SOAS on vaccine diplomacy. Interested in the panel’s reflections on this topic.

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Building up local pharmaceutical capacity

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Building up local pharmaceutical capacity

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How can we support the building of local pharmaceutical capacity for diagnosis, treatment, drug & vaccine production in regions like sub-Saharan Africa to prevent similar problems arising in future epidemics? Is Uganda's experience useful in this regard? What kind of partnerships are required to support the AUDA-NEPAD's  Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plan for Africa?
Mike Jennings, Development Studies, SOAS.

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Latin America has been badly affected by the pandemic - many parts of the region are difficult to travel to (Amazon and Andes) how can vaccines reach these communities and how can we guarantee the communities that need the vaccines the most with get them instead of officials queue jumping. Is the WHO taking steps to manage this?

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China and Russia's vaccine rollout to other countries globally has been very rapid. Why has it been whilst other vaccines are taking longer? Is this due to the regulations in place, if so, what is the risk of these vaccines?

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Why are Western countries so reluctant? 

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Why are Western countries so reluctant? 

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France and Germany's take up has been laughable. There are many vaccines going unused and collecting dust, if they don't want the AstraZeneca jab then give it to those who do.

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Why are we not, as a nation, or as globally, pushing for a zero covid type of strategy, so we can buy time and really see if the vaccines do not have any side effects and then roll out them out later on as needed ?  If we have a global strategy to handle the pandemic itself, the vaccine inequality gets addressed at a later stage.. Why is the vaccine being given so much importance in a time when so little is known about it ?

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Why are we not, as a nation, or as globally, pushing for a zero covid type of strategy, so we can buy time and really see if the vaccines do not have any side effects and then roll out them out later on as needed ?  If we have a global strategy to handle the pandemic itself, the vaccine inequality gets addressed at a later stage.. Why is the vaccine being given so much importance in a time when so little is known about it ?

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Given that these vaccines are still in emergency approval, and we are looking at vaccinating as much of the world as possible, who is going to take responsibility for any consequences, if any ?  If we have an entire generation of impotent youngsters or any other effects ?  Have we really thought things through ?

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Given that these vaccines are still in emergency approval, and we are looking at vaccinating as much of the world as possible, who is going to take responsibility for any consequences, if any ?  If we have an entire generation of impotent youngsters or any other effects ?  Have we really thought things through ?

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So far, the ACT Accelerator has been almost exclusively funded by government donors. In future is there a way of crowing in private sector finance to VTD access, during manufacture, R&D and delivery stages? Are there innovative financing mechanisms (such as front loading funds through the bond market, advance purchase orders, risk pools / pandemic insurance) that allow costs and risks to be shared between government and industry?

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Is there demand for vaccines among low income countries? In many contexts there are much higher spending priorities and vaccinating against other diseases / general health system strengthening may be better value for money. Some countries haven’t even accepted the free vaccines they were offered through the COVAX facility.
It’s in the UK’s national security and economic interests to stamp out COVID globally, but should it be such a high priority for developing countries?

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why is Europe so reluctant to use Chinese and Russian vaccine, providing trial 3 data is open and available ?  Why drag politics into humanity ?

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why is Europe so reluctant to use Chinese and Russian vaccine, providing trial 3 data is open and available ?  Why drag politics into humanity ?

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Assuming some sort of vaccine equity, when is this pandemic going to end ?  Do we expect another harsh winter here in Europe as we are more dependent on vaccine rather than other NPIs ?

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Assuming some sort of vaccine equity, when is this pandemic going to end ?  Do we expect another harsh winter here in Europe as we are more dependent on vaccine rather than other NPIs ?

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Can there be a price point agreed for vaccines ?  Reading that AZ was bought at different price points for different countries ! 

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Can there be a price point agreed for vaccines ?  Reading that AZ was bought at different price points for different countries ! 

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What role can the WHO play for vaccine diplomacy so that mRna companies can start sharing their tech to produce vaccines in Africa for example ?

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What role can the WHO play for vaccine diplomacy so that mRna companies can start sharing their tech to produce vaccines in Africa for example ?

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To what extent will vaccine passports play a role in our life - babysitters, dates !, social gatherings, public transport ?  Where does it begin and where does it end ?

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To what extent will vaccine passports play a role in our life - babysitters, dates !, social gatherings, public transport ?  Where does it begin and where does it end ?

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Much of the debate assumes vaccines are available but are hoarded: it is presented as a distribution problem. But virtually all states are struggling with supply. How do we ensure sufficient supply? Is there a case to take this out of private hands? How can this be achieved? And what governance needs to be in place around this?

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With China engaging in what might be termed pharmaceutical diplomacy in the global south to further its economic and political interest, how significant is the source of the vaccination to post-covid geopolitics?

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Looking at vaccination inequality from a different light, we are starting to see Israel debut “green passports” for those who have been vaccinated for COVID19 as well as talks within the UK to potentially introduce the same. Since these “passports” will provide access to certain services to those who have been vaccinated and ban access to the unvaccinated. How can the UN, WHO and global communities make sure that everyone’s basic human rights are upheld on a global level given the fact that everyone will not be vaccinated?

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How can the UK be held more accountable for the vaccine hoarding ie 6 times their need ?  

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How can the UK be held more accountable for the vaccine hoarding ie 6 times their need ?  

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(For Martin Wolf) Should developing countries with public health capacity constraints allow the private sector to assist in the vaccine rollout? Countries like India are resisting this while other countries are encouraging private participation in parts of their delivery systems. How should different types of risk be mitigated?

Anti-Corruption Evidence Research Partnership Consortium

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(For WHO) How is the WHO assessing country delivery capabilities and corruption risks in developing countries when advising on how to scale up vaccinations in the biggest rapid vaccine rollout in history?

Anti-Corruption Evidence Research Partnership Consortium