# data[].attributes.headline
Agriculture during the Industrial Revolution.

# data[].attributes.subject
Agriculture during the Industrial Revolution.

# data[].attributes.body
The Industrial Revolution started in 1750 and ended in 1918 (approximately).
This Revolution helped improve machinery and the efficiency of farms which impacted on the agriculture. Agriculture became a profitable business as the farmers could produce and sell extra food.
During this period of time enclosures were introduced by an act of parliment. This meant that the land was divided into private land that was rented out to the farmers rather than having common land. This impacted on the farmers as they needed to either move to the city to work at the factories or continue to farm their produce and pay rent.

Website:
McElroy,W,(2012)The enclosures act and the industrial revolution,Tnhe future of freedom foundation,
https://www.fff.org/explore-freedom/article/enclosure-acts-industrial-revolution/(7-3-2018)
Book:

Image:

The editors of encylopaedia Britannica,(2018), Industrial Revolution, Enclyopeadia britannica,https://www.britannica.com/event/Industrial-Revolution(7-3-2018)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Industrial Revolution | Definition, History, Dates, Summary, & Facts

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Industrial Revolution, in modern history, the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing. The process began in Britain in the 18th century and from there spread to other parts of the world, driving changes in energy use, socioecon…

# data[].attributes.headline
FIVE INVENTIONS                  1. The spinning mule

# data[].attributes.subject
FIVE INVENTIONS                  1. The spinning mule

# data[].attributes.body
Samuel Crompton invented the spinning mule in  1779. Samuel Crompton was born in Lancashire in 1753.
This invention was created so that it would make it easier to produce yarn.
This invention helped his family and many others with producing yarn.
Samuel and his family all worked in creating and selling yarn. While Samuel was working he started to come up with ideas of how to reduce the process of making yarn. The spinning mule didn't just spin textile fibers it also spun cotton or wool into yarns.
The spinning mule shaped the way we create wool and cotton today.

websites;
The editors of encloypeadia  Brtannica,(2018),Industrial Revolution, Encloypaedia Britannica,
//www.britannica.com/technology/spinning-mule,(7-3-2018)

image;
Bellis,M,(2017),The spinning mule machine for cotton yarn production,thoughtco.,https://www.thoughtco.com/spinning-mule-samuel-crompton-1991498(7-3-2018)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
In the textile industry, a spinning mule is a device invented in the 18th century that spun textile fibers into yarn by an intermittent process: in the draw stroke, the roving is pulled through and twisted; on the return, it is wrapped onto the spindle.

History

Born in 1753 in Lancashire, England, Samuel Compton grew up spinning yarn to help support his family after his father died. He therefore became deeply familiar with the limitations of the industrial machinery used to process cotton into yarn.

In 1779, Samuel Crompton invented the spinning mule that combined the moving carriage of the spinning jenny with the rollers of the water frame. The name "mule," in fact, comes from the fact that the machine is a hybrid between the two earlier machines, much the way a mule is a hybrid between a horse and a donkey. Crompton supported his inventing by working as a violinist at the Bolton Theatre for pennies a show, spending all his wages on the development of the spinning mule.

The mule was an important development because it could spin thread better than by hand, which led to every finer threads that commanded a better price in the marketplace. The thin threads spun on the mule sold for at least three times the price of coarser threads.Once perfected, the spinning mule gave the spinner great control over the weaving process, and many different types of yarn could be produced. It was improved upon by William Horrocks, known for his invention of the variable speed batton, in 1813.

Patent Troubles

Many inventors of the 18th century encountered difficulty over their patents. It took Samual Compton more than five years to invent and perfect the spinning mule, but he failed to obtain a patent for his invention. Seizing on the opportunity, the famed industrialist Richard Arkwright did patent the spinning mule.

A British Commons Committee, dealing with Samuel Crompton's patent claims in 1812, said that "the method of reward to an inventor, as generally accepted in the eighteenth century, was that the machine, etc., should be made public and that a subscription should be raised by those interested, as a reward to the inventor."

Such a philosophy may have been practical in the days when inventions required little capital to develop, but it was decidedly inadequate in the time since the industrial revolution, when investment money became essential for the production of any great technical improvement. British law of the time was well behind the state of industrial progress.

However, Compton was able to demonstrate the financial harm he had suffered by gathering evidence of all the factories using his invention. More than four million spinning mules were then in use, and Parliment awarded Compton 5,000 pounds. Compton attempted to go into business with these funds but was unsuccessful. He died in 1827.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Meet Samuel Crompton: Inventor of the Spinning Mule

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In the textile industry, a spinning mule is a device invented in the 18th century that spun textile fibers into yarn by an intermittent process: in the draw stroke, the roving is pulled through and twisted; on the return, it is wrapped onto the spindle.

# data[].attributes.headline
FIVE INVENTIONS                  2. Crop rotation

# data[].attributes.subject
FIVE INVENTIONS                  2. Crop rotation

# data[].attributes.body
In 1730, Charles Townshend introduced his new method of crop rotation. It was called the four field method.
The new invention helped to shape the way we harvest our crops today. Each field was kept in good condition with a high amount of minerals and nutrients. The four fields were Wheat, Barley, Turnips/Root Vegetables and Clover. Wheat, barley and the vegetables were produced for humans. Clovers were planted for the fallow season (the season when the soil is resting). Clovers were often then eaten by animals such as cows, horses and sheep. Charlies Townshend was given the name Turnip Townshend.

website:
Conti,l,Easting,M, etal(2016),oxford big ideas humanities and social sciences,
https://obook4.oxforddigital.com.au/student/OB287/topics/0218.html(8-3-2018)

image :
The open Door website(2018),The Agriculture revolution,
http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/003f.html(9-3-2018)

# data[].attributes.headline
FIVE INVENTIONS                  3. Enclosures

# data[].attributes.subject
FIVE INVENTIONS                  3. Enclosures

# data[].attributes.body
The Enclosure Act was passed by the British parliament in 180. The new acts caused more than 4000 enclosures to be built. These acts made common land, which was originally used by farmers to farm and graze,  into private land. By 1790, three quarters of the farming land was owned by wealthy land owners. Those farmers who couldn't pay the lease for the land now needed to find jobs in the city at factories.

website:
Conti,l,Easting,M, etal(2016),oxford big ideas humanities and social sciences,
https://obook4.oxforddigital.com.au/student/OB287/topics/0218.html(8-3-2018)

image;
emaze(n/d),Industrial revoultion,
https://www.emaze.com/@AIILLOCW
(9-3-2018)

# data[].attributes.headline
FIVE INVENTIONS                  4. Flying Shuttle

# data[].attributes.subject
FIVE INVENTIONS                  4. Flying Shuttle

# data[].attributes.body
John Kay invented the flying shuttle in 1733. He was a mechanic from Lanshire. The flying shuttle is used for weavers. It helps weavers to work much faster and weave wider fabrics. The flying shuttle used cords attached to a picking peg. A single weaver with one hand could operate the flying shuttle on a loom. It took ten people to prepare one weaver and to keep up with one cotton loom. It took four spinners. This invention helped farmers to produce a greater amount of yarn in a shorter time.

website:
sea.ca(2003),sea.ca,
https://industrialrevolution.sea.ca/innovations.html (9-3-2018)
image:
venngage(n/d),You need a flying shuttle,
https://infograph.venngage.com/p/82712/flying-shuttle
(9-3-2018)

# data[].attributes.headline
FIVE INVENTIONS                  5. Threshing Machine

# data[].attributes.subject
FIVE INVENTIONS                  5. Threshing Machine

# data[].attributes.body
This invention was made around 1786 by a Scottish man called Andrew Meikle. Threshing is a farming tool used to remove the seeds from the stalks and husks of grains. Originally it was done by hand. This invention made it less time consuming for the farmers as the machine could do in minutes what would normally take hours with more people.

website:
(unknown author)(n/d), inventions that changed america.
https://sites.google.com/a/masdstudent.org/inventions-that-changed-america---the-industrial-revolution/2-the-trashing-m(9-3-2018)
image(from website above

# data[].attributes.headline
Historical Sources                 4. Child Labor Speech

# data[].attributes.subject
Historical Sources                 4. Child Labor Speech

# data[].attributes.body
Florence Kelly was a passionate speaker for human rights especially children and women. In 1905, Florence spoke in Philadelphia about child labor and the need to adopt more human conditions.
She did not agree with children being forced to work in the factories. Florence said that child labor strengthened the Industrial Revolution but it had consequences as many children died in the factories or were not treated well.

image:
History at Normandale(2017),child labour and the industrial revolution
https://historyatnormandale.wordpress.com/2016/12/14/child-labor-and-the-industrial-revolution/amp/
(9-3-2018

# data[].attributes.headline
Historical Sources                 3. Eli Whitney letter-1792

# data[].attributes.subject
Historical Sources                 3. Eli Whitney letter-1792

# data[].attributes.body
This source was created by Eli Whitney in 1792. Eli is best known for inventing the cotton gin.
This is a letter Eli wrote to his father talking about his adventures and telling him about his new invention.

Image;
Teaching americans history in south coralina,(n/d),Letter from Eli Whittney,jr. to his father regarding his invention of the cotton gin, 11 september1793,
http://teachingushistory.org/tTrove/Whitney11Sept1793.htm(9-3-2018)

# data[].attributes.headline
Historical Sources                 2. Farm Machines 1789

# data[].attributes.subject
Historical Sources                 2. Farm Machines 1789

# data[].attributes.body
Fiona Macdonald created this source in 1789. The machines presented in the photo show how cereals, crops and animal foods are processed. These machines were used by humans, moving them by hand.

Image;
Macdonald,F,(2003),Britain in the Industrial Revolution,Fraklin watts

# data[].attributes.body
1. Map of Great Britain
This map shows where the cotton and coal resources were produced during the Industrial Revolution. Children were commonly found where cotton and coal were produced as they can easily fit into the coal mines and were cheap to hire.

image;
History at Normandale(2017),child labour and the industrial revolution,
https://historyatnormandale.wordpress.com/2016/12/14/child-labor-and-the-industrial-revolution/amp/
(9-3-2018)

# data[].attributes.headline
Historical Sources                 5. Child Labor Photo

# data[].attributes.subject
Historical Sources                 5. Child Labor Photo

# data[].attributes.body
Ed Raymond posted this source of a child working in a factory during the Industrial Revolution. In a short amount of time, complex machinery made factories a dangerous environment for children to be working in. Before they passed the Factory Act in 1847, many children died or were injured in terrible conditions. The children worked long hours for a minimal wage or sometimes no wage.

image:
Wikipedia,(2009), Midnight at the Glassworks,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Midnight_at_the_glassworks2b.jpg(9-3-2018