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pounds of carbon dioxide emissions.Question: How does driving habits and trip distance affect the carbon emissions of a trip when using a hybrid car?

Hypothesis: I think that when using a hybrid car that going 15 mph slower and accelerating, and decelerating slower will have a 50% decrease in carbon emissions because we know that it will decrease the carbon emissions but because of research and first-hand experience, I know that going faster severely decrease the mpg of a car.

Experimental Design: in my experiment i am going to be driving four different distances. i will drive on a 25 mile course, a 50 mile course, a 75 mile course, and a 100 mile course. For each distance we will drive the course two times, one going 65 miles and accelerating/deccelerating slowly, and driving 80 miles per hour and accelerating/ decelerating at a hundred percent power. i will then compare the mpg of each trip and the miles driven on electric. using the mpg i will calculate the gallons of gas used and then convert that into pounds of carbon dioxide emissions. I will then compare the carbon emissions in each distance to find out how big the difference for each driving style.

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Question: When applying 20 different types of Bath & Body Works hand sanitizers, which of the 20 scents will show growth in E. Coli K12 and E. Coli B after applied?

Experimental Design:

In this experiment, E. Coli K12 and E. Coli B will be swabbed separately 12 times on a petri dish with pre-applied agar on 10 petri dishes. The petri dishes that are swabbed will be incubated at approximately 97 degrees Fahrenheit, for two days. After two days, the bacteria colonies will be counted by using the quadrants solution, and this data will be the control of these plates. Colonies from the 20 petri dishes will be counted and recorded. After, 20 different hand sanitizers from Bath & Body Works will be applied to the petri dishes by 6 drops placed randomly onto the plate per plate. The hand sanitizer will be spread evenly on the dishes without interfering with the bacteria colonies, and the plates will be incubated at the same temperature, 97 degrees Fahrenheit for 2 days. Once the bacteria will hand sanitizer applied has been incubated, the plates will be observed for any growth to determine if the bacteria are dead or alive. Once data is recorded, the plates will be bleached for cleanliness purposes and be disposed accordingly.

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This project is quite simple but does take time to perform. The way this project will work is the following. With our 5 selected coffee we will be making a cup of 3 spoons or 1 pod coffee. Before we drink the coffee we have to measure our blood pressure and pulse just so we can have “before experiment” data. After the cup is drank we will be checking our pressure and pulse 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour to 2 hours so we can see the increase with the coffee taken. First we will have a bar graph of the Max number of the pulse then we will have a line graph with full wanted data to see the increase and decrease of the pressure and pulse from the specific coffee. The reason we are testing two different ways is just to check if the experiment does work before we go any further and would have to restart if the experiment does not work how we wanted it to. Generally the first experiment will be used with a silverware spoon that is not measured but will be adding lots of coffee. The main experiment will be using measuring tablespoons (as well as sugar, milk, and water).

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Vighneshwar Anantharamakrishnan      (Mrs. Bickel P.3)

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Vighneshwar Anantharamakrishnan      (Mrs. Bickel P.3)

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Problem:
Ever since the time plastics were created by humans from petroleum and other harmful chemicals, it has led to major problems related to the destruction of the environment. The giant garbage vortex in the Pacific Ocean is over twice the size of Texas and these harmful man-made plastics have contaminated the water sources, the land, and the air on Earth. Finding an alternative is one way to solve this problem. This project is targeting society around the globe and is supposed to show how bioplastics are cleaner to the environment mainly, and that we can still use alternative items for our daily lives. Researchers today have made many discoveries related with bioplastics, but they usually use low price materials to make up profit from these products. The types of plants that they use are mostly not that nutritious, and they are mostly GMO based so that the cost of the plastics are low, researchers are slowly improving it little by little but not a big scale. My project is trying to solve the problems conventional plastics have and what other people are not addressing in bioplastics.

Project Design:
For this project I want to create a bioplastic based on Coconut, and other ayurvedic herbs that originate mostly in India to make cleaner, durable, and healthier versions of plastics. The Coconut is the main ingredient in these plastics, Coconut in Sanskrit(language that originated in India) is "kalpa vriksha" and its meaning is," The tree which provides all the necessities of life". My Plan is to experiment with different proportions of ingredients and see which bioplastics design has almost all the characteristics I want in it. The coconut will be the constant variable in all the plastic designs and variations will occur in amounts. Certain characteristics that I aim for is taste, durability, nutrient level, biodegradability, and etc. I also want to design certain day to day items with these plastics like cups, spoons, and etc. I will use clay molds and steel/copper items to form the plastics in different items. Certain Requirement’s for this project are many testing results in different categories to identify certain characteristics I want in these bioplastics and the careful measuring of certain ingredients.

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Question: Comparing recycling, composting, not using plastic items, using reusable items, which zero-waste method is the most efficient in reducing the weight of an individual’s household waste completely?

Hypothesis: Although reducing, reusing, and recycling are efficient methods in reducing waste, my hypothesis is that composting will be the most efficient by reducing the most waste weight due to the fact that most of our waste consists of food waste.

Design: A group of twenty participants will be participating to experiment how realistically efficient well-known and simple zero-waste methods are in the daily life of a student. My four methods of reducing waste include recycling, composting, not using plastics, and using reusable alternatives. Five participants will be assigned to each method to implement into their daily lives for four weeks. Five participants would provide more accurate averaged data as opposed to only one person per method. For the first week, the participants will collect their household waste as usual (excluding public and school waste) separately from possible other house members (family). They will start on a Tuesday and weigh their trash in on a scale on the next Monday night at 9pm. The next four weeks will include the participants implementing their methods into their everyday life under a list of guidelines. Recycling involves recycling plastic bottles, glass bottles, cans, cardboard, and paper. Composting involves keeping organic food waste in a container in the freezer until waste management comes to pick it up on the green waste bin. Not using plastics involves not using plastic single-use items like plastic straws, utensils, cups, bottles, Ziploc bags, grocery bags. Using reusable alternatives is similar but less strict. Participants can use plastic items occasionally but should be encouraged to use reusable items at home and in public, including reusable straws, utensils, cups, bottles, plates, rags, towels, containers, and tote bags. “Zero-waste kits” will be given to the participants of the no plastics and reusable items methods with reusable items to help follow the guidelines of their methods. Every Monday at 9pm, they will weigh their household waste, excluding the waste they reduced, and record it on a participant data form. Pictures will also be taken on weighing days. After the data is sent to me, averages and reduction percentages will be calculated to track the reduction efficiency of the methods in the weight of their waste.

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The problem we are addressing is light pollution. Light pollution is the presence of excessive artificial light in the night sky. Artificial light is any light that comes from an electrical input. Majority of people in the world is surrounded by artificial light, and what many people are not aware of is the excessive use of this synthetic light can affect your health. Being around manufactured light for long periods of time affects your circadian rhythm, and changes to your circadian rhythm can cause sleep paralysis and changes in hormone production. Using bioluminescence could also help third-world countries that have no access to electricity.

Our product will be made of a glass sphere with a flat bottom, which will include bioluminescent bacteria on the inside. The sphere will include a piece that can detach for maintenance of the bacteria. This panel will be located at the back of the sphere. We plan to gather these materials from the local hardware store, and bioluminescent bacteria will be from a medical devices website, called BioRad. The bioluminescent bacteria will be from an experiment kit, we will perform the experiment and use the made bioluminescent bacteria in our project. Society and people with no electrical power need our product because they will be able to have a light source without the use of electricity and the problem of light pollution will be reduced.

Requirements (at least 5):

Ability to be left unmonitored and still function

Glows bright enough to be able to function as a regular lamp

Must be child-friendly

Must not spread the e. Coli bacteria

Must use bioluminescence in the lamp

Cannot be connected to any power source

Cannot use any form of artificial light

Must use glass to enclose bacteria

Must be a heat-resistant container

Container must be clear

Must contain a removable piece for maintenance

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Megha Lakhani, Polomi Savalia, Suhani Vasoya (Bickle P.5)

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Megha Lakhani, Polomi Savalia, Suhani Vasoya (Bickle P.5)

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Question:
How will genetically modifying  phytoplankton in the form of algae affect the amount of carbon dioxide it can sequester from photosynthesis?

Experimental Design:
The experiment focuses on genetically modifying the genetic sequence of a certain algae, or phytoplankton. These are autotrophic organisms of the plankton community and play a crucial role in our oceans. This will be done by using the process of DNA extraction to extract wanted characteristics. An extraction process will be performed to acquire specific traits from the plant’s DNA. This experiment can be proved, because when isolating certain characteristics from the plant, it can be inserted into the genome of the phytoplankton, or algae being used. When adding the new characteristic into the genome,it will then replicate throughout the other plant cells. This experiment will be tested by using bicarbonate indicator solution to detect the carbon dioxide levels of the algae, or phytoplankton.

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Lorretta Lu (Period 5 Bickel), Joella Nguyen (Period 6 Farina)

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Lorretta Lu (Period 5 Bickel), Joella Nguyen (Period 6 Farina)

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Question:
Between Artizen peppermint, spearmint, and lavender essential oils, which variation of mint would possess heavier antiseptic abilities against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Experimental Design:
In order to prove the question, the experiment will essentially provide findings for whether microbial activity will be affected by the essential oils found in three mint plants: spearmint, peppermint, and lavender. The focused microbes are known as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and will be tested and placed in Petri dishes. These microbes and essential oils will be bought online, with the oils being provided by the brand Artizen. After being placed in each dish with the same amount, the microbes will physically interact with the volatile compounds of the three chosen mint plants within the dishes and the growth will be observed carefully with the use of microscopes. Then, the metabolites will be measured in units of milliliters while the Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa will be measured in micrometers. The three chosen mint plants will then be tested against each type of microbe at the same time and carefully compared with each other.

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Emma Maldo (Bowles P.3), Keaton Ash (Bowles P.1)

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Emma Maldo (Bowles P.3), Keaton Ash (Bowles P.1)

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Question:

How does a digital learning world compare to a physical paper test in learning retention and capabilities in different age groups?

Experimental Design:

We will be experimenting in Highland Elementary School, using classes of kindergarteners, 4th, and 5th graders, as these are the grade levels of the classes willing to participate in this experiment. In the Highland computer lab, 1 copy of Minecraft will be downloaded onto 15 of the school’s computers via copying files from a flash drive, which holds the game. Each copy will have a preset world made to minimize the amount of distraction that could possibly happen in the game to make it a controlled environment. The participating children will be split into two groups- one group will be taught concepts using the traditional paper, pen, and listening to teacher instruction method, and the other will be taught concepts using the controlled environment world in Minecraft, using builds as interactive models, but still with some teacher instruction. Both groups will be taught the same material, though used in different terms with how Minecraft connects its in-game items with the real world. Specifically, we will be teaching our virtual environment test subjects how to make use of “Redstone” in Minecraft to wire a semi-automatic mechanism, and the traditional environment test subjects will learn the basics of circuitry by lecture, paper and pencil. Both groups will learn their respective material within a certain amount of time, then will be walked through how to build their respective models used in their class. Then, we will leave them for a few days to “cool off” on their subjects, then all students will take the same test that overall reviews the concepts that they’ve learned, using common terms that both the digital environment and traditional environment students can understand, so we can measure the retention of concepts we have taught them. The final results between groups will be based on their accuracy of their final test, as that will show how much they have retained.

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Engineering Project

The Problem: The issue we want to help eliminate is the use of harmful plastic packagings for items. Containers and packagings make up a major portion of municipal solid waste (MSW), about 300 million tons of plastic is produced globally each year and only about 10 percent of that is recycled. 89 percent of the plastics end up in landfills or oceans where it can release toxic gas such as Dioxins, Mercury and disturb the marine environment. New research also shows that so-called biodegradable products are likely doing more harm than good in landfills, because they are releasing a powerful greenhouse gas as they break down.

Our Solution: Our solution is to create a harmless organic water soluble container that can replace plastic food packaging, using carrageenan and pectin which have been used to create water soluble films. It won't be harmful to the environment because when dissolved, bacteria will break down the container into harmless components and if it ends up in a landfill, the product will still naturally break down because it's created from organic materials. We want to experiment with the amounts of the substance and how we can create a durable container that can be disposed of easily and worry-free.
(we are working on the methods)

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Problem:
A wired internet connection is currently the most efficient and stable way of transceiving data, but many people do not have access to the internet by these means. People who do have access to it prefer having a wired ethernet connection instead of WiFi because there is less interference. There are many people who may need such an internet connection in their houses but this comes with unreasonable prices and installation processes. A lot of older homes usually lack ethernet infrastructure making it difficult to quickly download and upload data such as large files, HD videos, and even video games.
Solution:
Our solution is to create a device that can easily be connected to both a computer and a router to transfer internet data through light as opposed to radio waves, because light travels at around 10,000 times faster than radio waves, and they are less prone to interference, a wireless ethernet connection can be achieved to transmit data much faster and more stable. The device can be easily connected to a wired ethernet port on a computer, with a light transceiver on top to communicate with another device directly plugged into a wireless router. Light fidelity is a much more cheaper alternative to an ethernet infrastructure since it's less labor to set up as installing an ethernet infrastructure.

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Gabriel De La Pena-Kenley, Sebastian De La Pena-Kenley P3. Bowles

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Gabriel De La Pena-Kenley, Sebastian De La Pena-Kenley P3. Bowles

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RATIONALE: The problem is that people need to stay hydrated, but water from typical drinking fountains is full of metallic, bacterial, viral, and organic contaminants that make the water unhealthy and bad tasting. When using a reverse osmosis system, it strips the water of all important nutrients and it's minerals. There can be a better way to maintain all good aspects of tap water, while purifying it of all contaminants, including metallic (ionic) compounds, unwanted organic contaminants, and bacterial/viral contaminants.

RESEARCH QUESTION(S)

How can a portable, self-powered water filtration system for the purpose of reducing metallic

contaminants, bacterial contaminants, and viral contaminants in drinking water be made more

efficient, economically advantageous, and ready to be sold to the common consumer?

HYPOTHESIS(ES)

A portable, self-powered water filtration system for the purpose of reducing metallic

contaminants, bacterial contaminants, and viral contaminants in drinking water can be made more efficient, economically advantageous, and ready to be sold to the common consumer by allowing water pressure to independently power all electronic components with the use of inline hydroelectric turbine generators.

ENGINEERING GOAL(S)

The system must:

1. Use an in-line filter system that can be used for existing and new installations.

2. The system must be powered by the water pressure alone and will not need an

electrical power source.

3. Remove unwanted ionic contaminants, such as Chlorine, Boron, etc.

4. Remove organic contaminants, such as Methylene chloride, Xylene, etc.

5. Remove Bacterial and viral contaminants, such as Arsenic, Cyanide, etc.

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Question:Which type of homemade fertilizer from the following (river water containing fish, cooking water, sea salt, compost, and ashes) will grow a lettuce, radish, and onion plant the fastest in height (cm)?

Experimental Design:

To conduct our experiment we will first plant our three types of plants lettuce radish and onion, in our designated area for testing, one of our yards that will have the same amount of exposure to sunlight and other natural effects. We will have five of each plant because we are testing the growth with five different soils, and we are testing on three different plants because we want to see if there is a pattern to also help determine if the results are accurate.after we plant our plants we will start making our soils. We will have a constant which will be some of the uncontaminated soil that we will start with. We will make one soil that is made with sea salt. To make this soil we will add 1 pound of sea salt into a bucket and we will then add in the store bought sack of soil, then we will mix thoroughly and plant the plants with that soil. We then will make another soil of ashes from burned wood. We will place the gathered ashes taking up a volume of 1 cubic foot and will mix thoroughly with the store bought soil.  Justin lives by riverwalk lake and will collect 1 pound of river water from the river and we will put the soil in a water drainer and will run the water through the soil to keep the minerals and other items but not the water and mix the soil to evenly distribute the minerals and other items throughout the soil. The last soil that we will make is a compost  we will add and compostable food item to the store bought soil and we will let it decompose for a month because our soil size will be small and when the compost is done we will plant our plants( we have started making the compost already). After planting the plants we will take measurements of the plants height and width. We will also note the color differences that we will observe during the experiment.

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Problem: Melenoma, a type of cancer, has a low rate of diagnosis in its early stages, when it is most treatable.

Experimental Design: Fractal Analysis, a series of vocabulary that describes chaotic geometey, has been proven to have a link to precancerous melenoma tissue. The plan for the project is to use Tensorflow, a Python 3.7, to create and train a deep neural network that analyzes different fractal patterns along with image processing to make a prediction/diagnosis on whether the cell is in a precancerous state, when it can be treated the best, or benign.

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Our question we are trying to answer is how does a specific body weight workout program affect a variety of water sport athletes in the form of strength, mood, self-confidence, confidence in their sport? Our hypothesis is that if the athletes do this routine they will have more confidence and increased mood, we also believe that they will feel stronger in the water because of the focus on a particular spot. For our experiment we are going to be using sixth period water polo as well as swim and giving them a workout for part of their dryland which is land exercise. This workout will focus on their musculus rectus admonius which we know as “abs” and we will be recording their measurements that will include a survey that will ask them questions that are similar to if they feel stronger, more energized, have a happier mood or feelings about what happens around them, and we would also ask if they are more confident in there work in the pool with either water polo or swim. Also, in the survey we will ask if the participants feel like the workout is helping them improve and if they have any suggestions on how the workout could be better for them if that is having them perform a harder form of the workout or an easier form of doing the workout.

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Research Plan

Rationale

According to the United Nations, in 2019, 785 million people around the world will not have access to a purified water source. Of that 785 million, 80,000 children under five years of age, will die due to contaminants in untreated water.  To help combat this situation, we decided to create a water filter. Our project is called Project HIP to Hydrate Impoverished People.

Research Questions

1. What design would allow us to utilize solar power to charge our filtration system most efficiently?

2. How beneficial would a solar-powered UV water filtration system be for a family living in poverty in an area where clean water is not readily available?

3. What is required to make dirty water drinkable and up to par with the international drinking water regulations?

4.  How can we design a cost-effective water sanitization unit that would be distributed to people living in extremely impoverished areas?

5. What similar filtration systems exist?

6. How effective are current water filtration systems?

Hypotheses

1. The HIP water filtration system will neutralize contaminants found in accessible water through UV sterilizer, assorted filters, and other technology.

2. The HIP water filtration system removes 90% of the particles per million (ppm) found in water from unreliable sources (rivers, pipes, unregulated water reservoirs).

Engineering Goals

The goal is to design and develop a cost-effective, safe, sustainable, user-friendly water filtration system that can harness enough solar energy to power an effective ultra-violet (UV) sterilizer.  Harnessed solar energy will also recurrently charge a small battery stored in the unit that powers a detachable light source.

Two components of the project we want to readily pursue are the production/developmental process and the experimentation process. Initially, we will start with pencil sketches, progress to an Autodesk Fusion 360 Model, then fabricate a 3D print prototype that we can manufacture. The product will be tested using technologies that determine the particles per million and the presence of microorganisms, inorganic and organic chemicals harmful to the body in the water before and after it goes through our filtration process.

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It’s important for everyone to have clean air to breathe. People who live in industrial areas have a higher risk of getting asthma. People who smoke are more likely to suffer with lung diseases. You have maybe seen examples of lungs of smokers (small, black, unhealthy). After breathing in tar and smoke for years and years it can cause your lung tissue to develop cancer, and possibly death. How does air pollution have an affect on the humans respiratory system?

In this experiment my group and I are going to test the air by measuring tons of different air particles in a variety of locations. I am going to do a simple procedure using a diy air filter to find out where polluting particles are located and how heavy they are in different areas. If tiny particles of dust enter our lungs when we breathe and can block the movement of oxygen, then using an air filter to catch the particulate matter in different locations will help determine the overall air quality of the sites tested.

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How will you know the composition of the plastic you find on the streets? How can you be very sure that this is the case? Overall inventive idea.

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Rachel Gossard, Morgan Hove, and Emma Knapp 

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Rachel Gossard, Morgan Hove, and Emma Knapp 

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Research Question:
How can we cost effectively and efficiently alleviate traffic congestion by making improvements off of the Golden Gate Bridge's "Road Zipper"?

Experimental Design:

In this experiment, Fusion 360 will be used to design the desired product, “The Flock”. The barrier, which will then be known as the “sheep”, will be scaled down and designed in Fusion 360, with the same proportions as the original barriers used for the “Road Zipper”. There will be an angled indent in the barrier to act as a track for the wheels to go along in the machine. The machine itself, which will be referred to as the “shepherd” will take the form of a rectangular prism, similar to a bus. The shepherd on Fusion 360 will include all outside features, such as headlights, taillights, a stop button, the conveyor-like track, the guidance wheels (on the track), and the normal wheels to roll and hold the shepherd on the road. The inside features will not be designed, for there are multiple engines, lane assist sensors, speed sensors, etc., and therefore creates no need to model what will just be inserted. After the sheep and shepard are completed, they will then become an assembly, adding a long line of sheep with the barrier on top of one section. Along with specific joints, there will be feature limits and constraints to show how each component will work with the others. Once finished, the design will then be animated to show the movement and function of the Flock when used on the road. To then finalize everything, the Flock will be 3D printed as a model of the product.
*The product name of "The Flock" is just a filler name- we are still working on it.

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Problem:  Many people in the world today solved the problem about entering a dark room or at night or anywhere where there's a dark area which you’ll need a flashlight. But the problem is that “what if your flashlight dies? I know you can buy more but what if you are lost in the dark and you need a flashlight to see?” well that problem is fixed, somebody developed a flashlight that is powered by the heat of a human hand. But still there are problems about this project because some parts that I need could not be necessary for this project. Which is also a big problem because when I’m going to order these parts on amazon, these parts may not be usable for this project and might be a waste of money. I will start ordering the materials by the end of this week. Now we need to know who needs it because why? Well, the answer is anybody can have it because we need it. It is even a better way to save money instead of spending money on batteries.

Design plan: the product will be exactly like a normal flashlight so that of course be comfortable for people to hold it.

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Nicholas B. Cunanan, Marrah G. Trivino, Satwik R. Sudni - Bowles P.1

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Nicholas B. Cunanan, Marrah G. Trivino, Satwik R. Sudni - Bowles P.1

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Eric Butler p-1 Nicolas Cabrera p-5 Treveaon Esparza p-3

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Eric Butler p-1 Nicolas Cabrera p-5 Treveaon Esparza p-3

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Problem:

How can we help foreign countries that have dirty water with parasites and bacteria by making a product that will be both beneficial to the seller and the user this will also be faster than any device out there.

Purpose:

This product will help foreign countries who do not have clean water like us and this will help towns or villages obtain water and decrease the life loss because of dehydration. This product is going to be used for helping others in obtaining water without drinking the old and dirty water that could possibly kill you or make you sick. There is no guarantee that water from other countries have parasites or bacteria but this will help reduce the people getting sick due to this common factors in dirty water.

How we will make this is with:

1 gallon bucket

Filter to clean the water

A vacuum type motor to suck in the water

Water from different areas

Microscope for searching for any bacteria or parasites

Data graph to see if the bacteria went down

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Question: Can we use bacterial transformation to create functional insulin for pharmaceutical diabetic therapy in a faster and more efficient way?

Hypothesis: By creating an insulin producing sequence of DNA with the process of rDNA and insert that DNA into the circular DNA of E.coli which will produce insulin. Using dithizone and staining the colonies of E.coli to get the percentage of success rate of the insulin producing E.coli.

Experimental design: Before starting the experiment I first will grow E.coli in petri dishes for a week then after I take a strand of DNA and is first inserted into a circular piece of DNA called a plasmid. The insertion is done using enzymes that “cut and paste” DNA, and it produces a molecule of recombinant DNA, or DNA assembled out of fragments from multiple sources. Next, the recombinant plasmid is introduced into bacteria. Bacteria carrying the plasmid are selected and grown up. As they reproduce, they replicate the plasmid and pass it onto their offspring, making copies of the DNA it contains. Insert the plasmid into bacteria. Use antibiotic selection to identify the bacteria that took up the plasmid. Grow up lots of plasmid-carrying bacteria and use them as "factories" to make the protein. The first step in transformation is to select a piece of DNA to be inserted

into a vector. The second step is to cut that piece of DNA with a restriction

enzyme and then ligate the DNA insert into the vector with DNA Ligase. The insert contains a selectable marker which allows for identification of recombinant molecules. An antibiotic marker is often used so a host cell without a vector dies when exposed to a certain antibiotic, and the host with the vector will live because it is resistant. The vector is inserted into a host cell, in a process called transformation. One

example of a possible host cell is E. Coli. The host cells must be specially

prepared to take up the foreign DNA.

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Experimental design:
On the basis of touch, we will be giving the person 60 seconds to get a feel of the object given. Once it hits 30 seconds, the other partner will test heart rate and pulse, and document the results. Touch is a significant sense to the human body, therefore we believe will get the strongest heart rate compared to other senses. When we test hearing, we will be using a device for experiment. The volume at which the device will be set is one of our control variables. Our test subject will wear a headset in a quiet stable environment, and be tested on certain noises to see how our subject will respond. Sight/vision tests will once again be experimented on our device and will be set on a certain brightness. A controlled variable is the brightness the device will be set on. We will play a one-two minute video on different images not so pleasant to the human eye, and we will record the subject’s heart rate as well. Taste has so many varieties to be. Tested on, such as sweetness, spiciness, sourness, texture, etc. We will be feeding and seeing how our subject will react as well. After all the experiments are done, we as a team will determine if our hypothesis is correct, or incorrect.

Hypothesis:
When we compare the reactions to given sensory stimuli from a given person with Tactile Sensory Disorder and the response to sensory stimuli from someone without any sensory disorder, what sense related to the given stimulus would get the strongest reaction from the person with Tactile Sensory Disorder?

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Andon Sintek Period:1 Bowles Evan Arcega Period: 3 Bickel      Jimmy Gu Period: 3 Bickel 

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Andon Sintek Period:1 Bowles Evan Arcega Period: 3 Bickel      Jimmy Gu Period: 3 Bickel 

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Experimental Design:

Planes suffer from the same problem throughout flight, inefficient wings and problems with instability on the wing will cause planes to bank or tilt. Our research project would be on how can we optimize wing design and fuel usage. If we modify the sweep and dihedral on an amateur RC plane, we would first build a catapult to launch the plane from. It would be more like a ramp, so we could have a controlled takeoff speed and distance.  We would first build the fuselage of the plane, inside the fuselage. It would be consisted of an ESC, receiver, battery, VTX, camera, and wiring connections. After everything is done with the fuselage, we would already have a laser cut wing structure support, made out of plywood. We would layout the structure support, and have a piece of horizontal piece of wood as wing support. We would hot glue or glue on foam boards onto the structure support. Then we would put a piece of carbon tube or steel beam in the middle of the fuselage, and we will insert the wings onto the fuselage. We would insert aileron with channel 1, elevator would be inserted with channel 2, throttle would be inserted on channel 3 and rudder on channel 4. We would run 5v from channel 2 and we could power our FPV system from receiver with 5v. Then we would launch the plane from a controlled distance like 10 or 15 meters. Then we would make a maiden flight with the wings. We would try out different wing designs and record down the data. After this, we would come to conclusion and share our data.

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Terralyn Ta Bickel Period 1               & Carissa Tjong Bickel Period 5

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Terralyn Ta Bickel Period 1               & Carissa Tjong Bickel Period 5

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Nicolas Phinouwong Period 3 Bickel, Daele Mandap Period 3 Bickel, Nehemiah Kwon Period 3 Bowles

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Nicolas Phinouwong Period 3 Bickel, Daele Mandap Period 3 Bickel, Nehemiah Kwon Period 3 Bowles

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#1 science Janine Banh Bickel Per 1 & Simren Multani  Bickel Per 1 & Andrew Chavez Bowles Per 1

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#1 science Janine Banh Bickel Per 1 & Simren Multani  Bickel Per 1 & Andrew Chavez Bowles Per 1

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Dimple Amitha Garuadapuri (Mrs. Bickel P.5)

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Dimple Amitha Garuadapuri (Mrs. Bickel P.5)

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nhNxyE133RvfXmTTKBuR8FJ-hqN4JISX/view?usp=sharing

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Makayla Melsh p.5

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Treavon Esparza

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Nicolas Cabrera-Bickel 5th, Treavon Esparza-Bowles 3rd, Eric Butler-Bowles 5th

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Nicolas Cabrera-Bickel 5th, Treavon Esparza-Bowles 3rd, Eric Butler-Bowles 5th

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#2
Problem:

Athletes all over the world suffer with constant knee pains. This is a fact that is clear to all people whether it is affecting them directly or not. The knee braces that are being sold on the market today have not at all proved themselves effective in preventing nor reducing injury. If a brace is not suiting its purpose then what is the reasoning for wearing it at all? We intend on engineering a brace, using advanced methods and combining multiple different braces to both reduce and prevent injuries from occurring on the field of play for all athletes regardless of sport and their level of play.

Project Design:

The initial plan is to take a “DDS kneetrac” counterpart and add on to it using specific points and pieces to further relieve pressure as the user sees fit. Using rubber stops inside the brace located directly on active pressure points that are intended to relieve pressure of and around the knee. This will hopefully be an effective addition to the brace. In addition, we plan to make this brace much more personalized to each user as this has been a problem we have seen throughout numerous we have personally used as well as our teammates and peers have told us about. This will happen by taking measurements of the knee, knee cap as well as the lower portion of the thigh and upper area of the shin. This will prove to be a great improvement to the base model as it will be able to adjust and comfort correct areas without bringing any other strain to surrounding areas.
The initial plan is to take a “DDS kneetrac” counterpart and add on to it using specific points and pieces to further relieve pressure as the user sees fit. Using rubber stops inside the brace located directly on active pressure points that are intended to relieve pressure of and around the knee. This will hopefully be an effective addition to the brace. In addition, we plan to make this brace much more personalized to each user as this has been a problem we have seen throughout numerous we have personally used as well as our teammates and peers have told us about. This will happen by taking measurements of the knee, knee cap as well as the lower portion of the thigh and upper area of the shin. This will prove to be a great improvement to the base model as it will be able to adjust and comfort correct areas without bringing any other strain to surrounding areas.

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Jeewan Kaur p5 Mrs. Bickel

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Hailey Mims p.5 , Ashlyn Joseph p.3, Lily LoSchiavo p.5

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Hailey Mims p.5 , Ashlyn Joseph p.3, Lily LoSchiavo p.5

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Question:
What bacterial strains exist and our community and in what quantity, and how do they affect our health?
Hypothesis:
Our hypothesis is that there will be some dangerous strains of bacteria and that they have an affect on our health that we aren't even aware of.  We also predict that there will be many patterns of the amount of bacteria across the places that we test.
Experimental Design:

Our project is to test the number of bacteria in public places and attempt to classify how it affects our health. The question we came up with is What bacterial strains (in colonies) exist in our community and how do they affect our health? We plan on testing this by collect samples from different places around the community. Then we will map the samples on a map of our community to show the trends and dangers, and finally make connections with other public health statuses in our area (statistics from previous illnesses and/or diseases). We would like to make these connections and possibly make connections national because in Flint Michigan there have been outbreaks of contagious bacterial strains that emerged in their community. From this test, we would like to create a way to reduce the amount of (harmful) bacteria found in public places. We plan on measuring this by the amount of growth of the bacteria from each place and create graphs to measure it. The independent variable of the graph would be the times tested per location. The dependent variable would be the number of bacteria collected in micrometers.

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Andie Ordona (Bickel, p.05), Paige Prescott (Bickel, p.03), Kristine Caneda (Bowles, p.03)

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Andie Ordona (Bickel, p.05), Paige Prescott (Bickel, p.03), Kristine Caneda (Bowles, p.03)

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Question:

How does bioluminescence, the emission of light through chemical reactions in living things, in dinoflagellates, a one-celled organism with the ability to glow,  affect the rate at which different amounts of various organic and inorganic toxins can be detected within water?

Hypothesis:

If the amount of toxins in water is increasing and bioluminescent organisms are known to glow in the presence of toxins, then when three groups of dinoflagellates are placed in salt water environments with varying levels of different toxins (both organic and inorganic) for 10 minutes observing for the dinoflagellates’ reaction, then the group of dinoflagellates with .5g of toxins present within their environment will have the fastest detection rates and emission of light.

Experimental Design

Before experimentation, we’ll gather all of our materials required to start. To collect our salt water, we’ll use four empty bottles to recover water from Huntington Beach, keeping in mind the filtration of sand or seaweed. We’ll, then, measure the water’s pH to ensure it’s within the range of 7.6-8.4 and suitable for the dinoflagellates to survive in. After gathering the water, we’ll buy nitrate, sodium hypochlorite, and lead acetate. After obtaining our chemicals, using a 600-gram scale we will weigh the nitrate, sodium hypochlorite, lead acetate and separate them into groups. Each group will be participating in three trails of 0.1g, 0.3g, and 0.5g. Before we weigh the nitrate, sodium hypochlorite, and lead acetate, we need to put the square weighing dish on our scale and zero it out to get accurate measurements. When ordering the dinoflagellates, we’ll also buy their medium to place into their environment. Upon arrival of the dinoflagellates, we will reset up circadian cycle by exposing them to fluorescent light for 12 hours. This will create a stimulation of night while it is our day. To place each organism in a depression slide, we’ll use a pipette to safely transfer them. This depression slide will be used to observe the dinoflagellates under a microscope at 20x magnification so we can collect qualitative information of the dinoflagellates. Then, we’ll label our beakers based on what toxin will be used, the amount of toxins the water will contain, and which trial it’s a part of. As we prepare our trials, we’ll put salt water in all beakers needed,  prepare for any refilling or replacing the beaker for each trial, and putting only three dinoflagellates inside for every trial. There will be exactly 50mL of salt water in each beaker. During each 10 minute trial, we’ll record any changes we notice about the dinoflagellates, focusing on at what time they begin glowing and how bright they become. After each test, we’ll move the dinoflagellates from their beakers to a filled dixie cup, in order to contain them, pouring the excess water out after. In addition to this, we’ll test the pH levels of the water after each trial, recording the new level. Once the trials are all finished, all our results will be compared to one another, in order  to test if our hypothesis was correct. This experiment can be used to prove that the bioluminescent plankton, dinoflagellates, can be used as a new method to detect different toxins in salt water.

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Candace Wong p5, Charlene Bohol p1, Madison Guan p1

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Candace Wong p5, Charlene Bohol p1, Madison Guan p1

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Polyglu is a natural and eco-friendly flocculant powder that can be part of an affordable solution to water scarcity. When this powder is added to water, it will coagulate, meaning it will form clumps with the water’s contaminants that would make it easier to remove through filtration later. One gram of Polyglu flocculant can treat up to five liters of contaminated and polluted water. This experiment will test how effective this is in a range of dosages with multiple water samples that have different chemical properties. The process will start with the collection of different water samples from various locations. Each sample will contain approximately 16.9 fluid ounces of water. Preliminary testing of the pH levels with test strips, as well as other properties, will be done to use as a comparison later to the treated water. Each sample will then be equally separated into 6 batches for the different dosages of Polyglu that will also be compared. To begin water treatment (conventional treatment), the Polyglu will be added to the raw water, mixing rapidly for a proper contact time of one to three minutes (over-mixing will not affect this process). This is called coagulation. The next step is flocculation. To do so, mix gently to accelerate the rate of particle collision to change the micro flocs, groups of particles, into macro flocs. Flocculation can be affected by mixing speed, mixing intensity (G), and time (t). The macro flocs formed should sink to the bottom of the jar, leaving the treated water at the surface. This is known as the clarification process, which can take 15-20 minutes, or up to an hour. Since Polyglu can’t remove all impurities, the remaining particles will be removed through filtration. Conventional treatment will be repeated on all samples and batches. Once completed, the treated water will be tested with pH strips and others to measure any changes and compare them with appropriate levels of drinking water. There are also considerations of doing this same test but with a homemade version of Polyglu to see if there is a more affordable way to do this.

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Hpothesis:
Bio-organic materials will enhance chitosan’s flocculation activity and improve its ability to remove solid material from contaminated water because scientist are already trying to use polysaccharides

Experimental Design

In order to test if the bio-organic material  and ions will enhance the flocculant activity of chitosan and improve its ability to remove solid material form contaminated water, different types of bio-organic material will be used.  Bio-organic material such as grains, rice and oats will be tested. The first set of experiment will be conducted by measuring the turbidity of a contaminated water sample. Then, a fixed amount of chitosan ( e.g. 1 gram) is added to the water sample and then the turbidity of the water sample will be measured again. Next, a fixed amount of the bio-organic material ( e.g. 1 gram ) is added to the same water sample ( that contains 1 gram of chitosan), the turbidity of the water sample will be measured again. If a decrease in turbidity value is found, it will prove that the bio-organic material is enhancing the flocculant activity of chitosan. On the other hand, if there is no change in the turbidity value did not change, additional amount of the bio-organic material ( e.g. another 1 gram) will be added.  Continue to add the additional amount of the bio-organic material ( in increment of 1 gram) until a change in turbidity is seen.

Once the optimum amount of bio-organic material that enhance the flocculant activity is determined, the effect of temperature on the measurement will be investigated by repeating the experiments at different temperatures ( e.g. at 25 0C, 40 oC and 90 oC).

The next set of experiment will be conducted by repeating the above experiment with different bio-organic material.  Optimum amount of each tested bio-organic material will be determined as described above.

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Zheng Zhu Bickle p1; Steven Lin Bowles p1; Xenon Garcia Bowles p3

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Zheng Zhu Bickle p1; Steven Lin Bowles p1; Xenon Garcia Bowles p3

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Hamza Khan Bickel P. 3; Eric Zheng Bickel P.1;Austin Tung Bickel P.1

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Hamza Khan Bickel P. 3; Eric Zheng Bickel P.1;Austin Tung Bickel P.1

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Project Design

The problem this mental wellness app will address is the increasing amount of teenagers with  anxiety and depression due to social, family, and academic conflicts. Rising expectations for teenagers as well as external pressures has led to more cases of mental disorders -- most commonly anxiety and stress. To counter this growing problem, an app should be created that emphasizes the providing of a user-oriented experience as a unique way to alleviate symptoms of anxiety and stress. The reason an app was chosen as the platform of choice is because it allows for maximum outreach towards the targeted population.  Based on surveys users would take and update when installing the app, the app will shape itself to fit the needs of the different people. This paired with existing mental remedies, including ICBT (internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy), will hopefully increase the effectiveness of the application as opposed to other apps on the Google Play Store and App store. An example of treatment that will be offered through this app would be various relaxation techniques to clear the mind and combat the struggle of anxiety. Moreover, features proven to help teenagers manage the complexity of their lives like journal extensions will be suggested to users. Some of the restraining areas of this topic include the limited amount of data we have on teenagers' behaviors through online articles. Since we won’t be able to conduct a large and diverse enough sample size to gain accurate results, we must rely on other sources to gain our concerning data which may inhibit the possible chances for success.

Existing products do work to benefit both mental and physical health -- such as recording the health history of the patient. However, these applications typically focus on physical health, while only some are dedicated to mental health. Unfortunately, these apps do not thoroughly address the aforementioned problems that are becoming more significant today. There may be certain apps that do explore the mediation of mental health -- however improvement on the concept is needed, especially considering the growing need for it. This can be achieved by creating an interactive system, and letting the system grow based on the user’s mental needs. Other products use calming music and videos to help relax their users; we plan to include this as well as other simple relaxing techniques in order to create a variety to fit the needs of most people. The app will also focus on teenage mental health as opposed to other apps that aren’t geared towards a specific age group and apply exclusively to adults.

This app will be free on the app store and won’t cost much to make if anything at all because all resources will be online and we are simply coding.

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question - Do biodegradable products really decompose as well as companies say they do, if so which materials decompose best ?
Hypothesis I believe the projects with bagasse with decompose best and the cutlery made of starch will decompose the worst.

Experimental design - I am going to start by making a self made compose bin with ingredients wet , dry , nitrogen, and carbon rich. I'm going to do three rounds to get the best results each starting one week after the other I'm going to take my 10 biodegradable products tie a sting to them, then each week I will place so many of my products into my bin each week before II pass them. I will measure my products then when 4 to 5 weeks passes I will take them out and measure the rate of decomposition.

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Hypothesis
Andrew Chavez

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Andrew Chavez

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Question: Which concentrations of tea tree oil exhibit the best properties to decrease the growth of Staphylococcus Epidermidis?

Hypothesis: If tea tree oil, which is a natural remedy known to cure acne, is tested on Staphylococcus Epidermidis based on concentrations, then when different concentrations of tea tree oil are applied to Staphylococcus epidermidis, which is used in place of propionibacterium, and is examined by a microscope closely, one of the concentrations will possess the best properties to successfully kill the bacteria possibly meaning that the concentration will be the best to treat acne.

Experimental Design: In this experiment, different concentrations of tea tree oil will be tested on Staphylococcus Epidermidis to determine which concentration is the best to kill the bacteria. Propionibacterium is the bacteria that is linked to causing acne. Staphylococcus Epidermidis is the bacteria being used in place of Propionibacterium due to it’s availability and price. These two bacteria have similarities such as both being gram-positive and anaerobic. Tea tree oil is a common natural remedy used to cure acne. Generally, many people assume that the highest concentration will be the best method. This however is incorrect because some higher concentrations of tea tree oil can do more harm than good. This experiment tests which concentrations out of the three being tested is the best. 15 petri dishes consisting of Staphylococcus Epidermidis will be tested on. The bacteria will be applied to agar plates using the streaking method.  The tea tree oil will be divided into three parts or concentrations. The first concentration will be the oil right out of the bottle, the second concentration will be the tea tree oil diluted with a small amount of water and the third concentration will be the oil diluted with a large amount of water. The experiment’s data will be gained by measurements of the bacteria. To measure bacteria, the colony strategy is used. Colonies are visible dots that appear in the Petri dish. Many colonies are produced. To avoid the hassle of counting all the colonies of a Petri dish, the tea tree oil will be applied to only one quadrant of the petri dish.  The bacteria will be placed in an incubator to keep the bacteria alive. Every day, the bacteria will be closely examined by a microscope at a magnification of 40x or 100x to see how many colonies of the bacteria has decreased after the concentrations are applied. The desired outcome of this experiment is that in the span of 2-3 weeks, the data will show which concentration exhibits the best properties to decrease the growth of Staphylococcus Epidermidis.

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Dwight Yew,  Joshua Barres, Josh Kwait (Bowles P:3

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Dwight Yew,  Joshua Barres, Josh Kwait (Bowles P:3

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Question: Will caffeine pills effect a plants growth rate and will it detract insects from the plant

Hypothesis: We believe that the caffeine will effect the plants growth rate in a positively because of the chemicals in the caffeine pills and we believe that the the caffine will be toxic to the bugs.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UfhQZVOHT-XdWaRVqFpU18tickDPJirO1cuK3KpmFdY/edit?usp=sharing

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Allyson Lopez (p5), Christian Dominguez (p1), Natalie Nguyen (p5)

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Allyson Lopez (p5), Christian Dominguez (p1), Natalie Nguyen (p5)

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Lukas Sanasinh Bickel 1 Jacob Flores Bickel 3

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Lukas Sanasinh Bickel 1 Jacob Flores Bickel 3

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Leanne Garcia - Bickel 3, Chloe Gonzales Bickel 1, and Amber Lasamay Bickel 3 (#2)

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Leanne Garcia - Bickel 3, Chloe Gonzales Bickel 1, and Amber Lasamay Bickel 3 (#2)

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ce and Engineering Research Project (SERP)
Please post a picture of your Q and EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN here for constructive feedback and clarifying questions.
Avatar of Jeanette Bowles
Jeanette Bowles
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Andrew Bui, Catherine Do, William Nguyen

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Andrew Bui, Catherine Do, William Nguyen

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Andrew: Bickel 3
Catherine: Bickel 1
William: Bickel 1

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This is the real one

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Problem:
We aim to build a device to assist people with visual impairments. We are mainly focusing on people who have an issue that can't be resolved with glasses or contact lenses. Right now, people with visual impairments have very little selection when it comes to a device to assist them in their daily lives. The vast majority of the devices out there are too bulky/heavy, not intuitive to operate, or too expensive ranging anywhere from $5,000-$10,000. This is far too much for the average consumer. Devices such as eSight are $5,500 and don't provide the necessary features that are important to most people. It only gets around 2 hours of battery life, which isn't nearly enough to get through a day of use.

Project Design:
Our device consists of a headset, and an app. The app has the ability to scan text and read it aloud to the user, the ability to detect objects and navigate the user anywhere they wish and the capability to zoom. We aim to develop a completely new headset in addition to the one we already built. Rather than using a phone as the main computing device, we are using the Raspberry Pi along with a small camera, battery and monitor to perform similar functions. This layout of parts will allow us to create a slim and functional headset for a lot less than a mainstream one.

Goals:
One of the main goals for this project was to make it less expensive for the user. To address this, we are using smaller, more efficient components that enable as much or more functionality as our competitors. We also wanted to ensure that the device was slim and portable. We went about this by choosing thin and lightweight components that are easy to carry around and wear for extended periods. Our zoom section of the app should be able to utilize the optical lens on some cell phones. The text to speech section should be able to recognize different languages and fonts and the object detection app should be able to recognize normal household objects easily.

Requirements:

Headset must have seamless integration with the apps

The app must be able to recognize objects and identify different languages

The app, the headset, everything must be cost effective

The camera must be capable of a good quality that will make zooming in a lot more clear

The app will be able to do navigation, allowing the user freedom to go/travel where they want

Everything must be intuitive to use

The headset itself must be slim and fashionable, the user shouldn’t stand out

The headset itself needs to be lightweight

The battery pack should be able to sustain the device for at least 3-4 hours

Criteria:
In order to be successful, we need to make sure that our device is cheaper than others on the market. We need to ensure that the functionality we've provided to the apps works as intended and enhances the user experience. We test every subject 10 feet away from a standard vision chart. In order to be successful, the subject should be able to read at least half of our chart at max level zoom in the app. Some things that may slow us down or hinder our success are finding people to test our device on. People with severe visual impairments are rare and hard to find. It was a challenge last year and we expect it to be prevalent again this year. Our pricing for the phone version of the headset will be around $50 including the app that can be installed on your phone. The other headset which has everything included and doesn't require a phone will cost around $120 including the app.

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Benjamin Sandoval p.1, Brandon Willits p.1,  Gerardo Aguilera p. 3 

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Benjamin Sandoval p.1, Brandon Willits p.1,  Gerardo Aguilera p. 3 

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Question: How will people react to trash that has been left on the floor?

Hypothesis: We believe that a majority of people will not notice/ignore trash left on the floor due to laziness or not being observant to see it

Experimental Design: In this project we are going to leave pieces of trash of varying sizes (Ex. candy wrap to chip bag or water bottle) in different areas (i.e. a park, a shopping center, etc). We will also change the distance of trash to the trash can so we can determine if the distance from the trash can will affect our results. Then, from there, our group will monitor the trash. We monitor if they pick up the trash or completely ignore it. We will collect data on how many people just ignore it, how many people actually stop to pick it up, how the distance from trash (next to, 5 ft, 15 ft, 30 ft) affects that data, approx. age of individual in test, gender, and  time of day.

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The research question is: The Effects of 10th Grade Students’ Participation in Athletics on their Academic Performance.

My hypothesis is that it is negative because students don’t have enough time to study or they stay up late and from what I know, the brain cannot contain that much information when it is exhausted. Experimental Design:
The way I will be experimenting with my project is first by going to the athletic director and interviewing him if there are any programs that support our athletes. Then I will be giving out a survey for SOPHOMORE ATHLETES to take. The way I will be measuring this afterwards is by gathering that data from my surveys into how our athletes view themselves and if being in the sport they are in is benefiting them or not. I an hoping this helps my peers really take a look into what benefits them and what doesn't.

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Alex Heredia (Bowles pd1) Brandon Urioste(Bickle pd3) 

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Alex Heredia (Bowles pd1) Brandon Urioste(Bickle pd3) 

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/10eJ9gU4JbJL7i3g2cGuRxmNDIL17NYMiJQmxXJvnKjc/edit

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Bickel: Period 3

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Cristian Herrera p.1 Ryan Brown p.1 Bowles

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Cristian Herrera p.1 Ryan Brown p.1 Bowles

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Question: Does the curve of the blade of a hockey stick affect the speed of a shot?

Experimental Design: We plan on taking slap shots with different types of hockey stick curves and recording their speeds.

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Experimental Design:
To answer our groups question, we will, first, start off by making ocean water. This is done by making a mixture of tap water and salt (any type of salt). The mixture contains 35% salt and 65% water. We will place a bowl on top of a scale and then zero it, put in salt until it reaches 35 grams and then add tap water until the mass is 1,000 g. Next, 1mL of tap water will be placed in the petri dish by the use of a pipette. Then, we will measure the initial temperature of the water, and the initial pH level. In order to provide a change in temperature for the tap water, a hot plate will be used to raise the temperature and ice will be used to lower the temperature. To ensure that the temperature is being controlled correctly, we will use a thermometer and, to record pH levels, we plan on utilizing a pH strip. Next, the pH level will be measured to determine if change in temperature has affected its acidity. With the use of a microscope, we will observe the changes in population. The population of the lukewarm temperature will be the controlled population.  Once the observations of the population were made (after the independent variable is altered), we will then measure the changes of a cooler and more basic environment. Using small amounts of ice, we will gradually cool the water temperature to be constant. Then a new pH and temperature will be measured. We will record the observations to see how our results vary comparing a warmer, acidic environment and a cooler, basic environment.

Hypothesis:

If pH becomes more acidic as the temperature gets warmer, the phytoplankton will have more difficulty surviving due to the altered environment. And, if pH becomes more basic as the temperature gets colder, the population of phytoplankton will grow.

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Naiara Moses Bickel 5, Riya Trivedi Bickel 5 

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Naiara Moses Bickel 5, Riya Trivedi Bickel 5 

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Hypothesis: There are many animals in this world dying from this one disease called cancer which no one knows how it develops in their bodies. Since there are many animals exposed to the smokers we believe that is one way cancer builds up in their body.
Experimental design:
For us to be able to test this experiment we are going to contact a local college so they would be able to give us feedback on how we would be able to test this and also to help us test it just in cause of any dangerous chemicals that occur. It is gonna be hard for us to find certain materials to test for this experiment. While we were doing research it says that plant products and smoke from cigarettes causes cancer to build up. The products we will be testing are chemicals or any gardening products to see which one builds up cancer the most. Hopefully when we do more research we will be able to find more reasons on how to prevent this disease from spreading in animals around the world.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/12IkLmgqVaYQVpU1C4uz-Z-n7NMmT8bv7tNxgign3jvw

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Charles Vargas Bowles 3, Preston Jones Bickel 5

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Charles Vargas Bowles 3, Preston Jones Bickel 5

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Experimental Design

An issue that needs to be solved is the number of packages stolen each year from homes in areas with a high crime rate. This has been a growing problem and especially since most people do most of their shopping online the number of packages being stolen has skyrocketed to a whopping twenty million stolen packages each year just in the United States alone. I believe if we can create a box that will be big enough to store packages and prevent them from being stolen, the number of package thefts will go down extremely. Our idea from what we now know might be the only thing stopping theifs from taking packages and allowing online shoppers to feel confident that their package will be safe. For our project design prototype, we will be using a wooden box that is about 2” x 4” x 4”, one door hinge, and a smart lock device. In the process, we plan to use stronger materials that can withstand any attacks, a camera that is always monitored and will take a picture when the box is opened and also notify the owner of the product with the picture and a notification. We will test this product by opening the box multiple times to make sure the camera is taking pictures when the box is open and that it is being monitored the whole time. We will also place multiple packages inside to test the room sizing and put the box through weathering testing.

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Alondra Davalos  Bickel P: 1 Giselle Chacon  Bickel P: 5

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Alondra Davalos  Bickel P: 1 Giselle Chacon  Bickel P: 5

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Our question and experiment is to help reduce plastic pollution. We are going to make potato-starch based and wheat-based, with ground coffee, biodegradable utensils and see how much they decompose in a time period of 30 days. This experiment will be repeated about 5 times jus so we can get more accurate results. we will be making the biodegradable utensils ourselves and then send them to a plastic company that will determine the amount of carbon dioxide it has produced, which will determine how much it had decomposed. We will also be placing the utensils in soil to see if it will encourage plant growth. After we have our results we will then improve upon these results and see if we could get a faster decomposing rate than before. Our wheat-based plastic will be made out of potato starch, water, glycerol, and vinegar. We will be testing the degradability of a regular plastic spoon, which we know won't decompose, but we will be using it as another variable.

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Hypothesis: If alcoholic hand sanitizer is not as effective in killing E. Coli bacteria as hand sanitizer containing alcohol, then by adding natural antiseptics I will be able to improve the antiseptic qualities of the non alcoholic hand sanitizer.

Experimental Design: I will be testing this by using E. Coli samples on Agar plates. One plate will contain the control group pf E. Coli bacteria and will not be touched. The 2nd plate will contain E.Coli and will be swabbed with hand sanitizer containing rubbing alcohol. The third agar plate will also contain E. Coli and be swabbed with non alcoholic hand sanitizer. Both non control plates will be compared with the control group to see whether or not the samples grew. Once I test that I will be adding natural substances to help improve the hand sanitizer not containing alcohol. I will run the 1st part of the experiment again to see if the antiseptic quality of the hand sanitizer improved.

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Elijah Kim Mrs. Bickel p.3, Jonathan Sabu Mrs. Bickel P.5, Jon Tesoro Mr.Leach p.2

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Elijah Kim Mrs. Bickel p.3, Jonathan Sabu Mrs. Bickel P.5, Jon Tesoro Mr.Leach p.2

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Question: A major component of recycling is the separation of the various plastics and materials. This process is a very important step as contamination by plastics like polyethylene terephthalate which can make entire batches of plastic unusable. But this process is very time-consuming, so what is the best way to efficiently identify and separate these plastics before they are imported to recycling plants.
Engineering design: Our group is planning on creating a machine that is able to  identify and separate the plastics using item identification programs. These identified plastics will then be sorted into their own specific containers.

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Brooke: Bickel Period 5
Jaimison:  Bowles Period 3

Experimental Design:

Our experiment is about preventing coral bleaching by introducing an antioxidant serum to the zooxanthellae present in the coral when in stressful conditions. In this experiment, we plan to use 3 different types of coral. For the first two days, the coral will remain in habitat that is natural to them, meaning the water temperatures will remain the same throughout the two days. We will also be taking water samples during this time daily as a source of control. After the two days have passed, we will start introducing the coral to stressful conditions, such as placing them under an incubator which will heat up the water to a point that they do not find comfortable. The coral will remain like this for 3 days, where we will continue to take water samples daily and view them under a microscope. During the process of the experiment, we will have the control group remain untouched, while everyday we add more drops if antioxidant to the water the dependent variable corals will be staying in. Each day as we add more antioxidants, we will test the water and see how much zooxanthellae is present, if any was expelled at all.

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Matthew - Bickel 1
Arthur - Farina 4

Project Design

A problem that many people deal with these days is heart disease, something especially common in the American society. Lifestyle choices and prevention will always be a good solution, but we want to give those who go through heart attacks, heart surgery, and heart conditions a chance to live their best lives. One out of four deaths, 25% of death is caused by problems with the heart. Whether it be the three million people per year, suffering from heart attacks, the other three million suffering from coronary heart disease, or the smaller two hundred thousand people with cardiomyopathy. Many people in the U.S. may struggle with this problem, and with this problem will come surgery, implants, stents, hospital stays, and extensive treatment. What we want to do for our people is to actually help them and give them their solutions to their heart problems. A common treatment would be the use of a stent to open up a blocked artery and to restore blood flow preventing damage to the heart. There are a couple problems though. These metal stents may become blocked again, and they may lead to a second surgery or implant. One solution we’re thinking of bringing would be a hemophobic material, that would fix that particular problem, but that problem of clots still remaining exists. So here, we will attempt to create a material that will first prevent clots, and eventually disintegrate, leaving the tissue there by itself, completely covering and removing the clot.

Requirements:

-The material must be hemophobic (blood repellant in order to stop blood from clotting)

-The material needs to allow blood flow without clotting (for use in things like heart valves)

-The material must not require anticoagulants (current anticoagulants are about $300 a month)

-Should have low costs to manufacture (current solutions are pretty expensive)

-Must be able to be turned into shapes (we can’t just have a hemophobic surface, we need something that can ideally work as a medical device)

Benchmarks:

-Have a material actually be flattened and made

-Bring the average roll-off angle lower than the typical roll-off of water

-Shape the material into a correct structure

Factors limiting success:

-High cost

-Hard testing

-Very time-sensitive

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Max: Bickel 3
Colin: Bickel 5
Josh: Farina 6 (Non STEM science)

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Wilson, Bickel Period 3
Daniel, Bickel Period 5
Zoe, Bowles Period 3
Problem:

Medical researchers studying atherosclerosis, patients with atherosclerosis, and anyone interested in learning about atherosclerosis could use a 3-dimensional computational model of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries to learn more about the disease. Atherosclerosis is responsible for 360,000 deaths annually and continued research of this and other diseases through computational modeling could further our understanding of them and prevent many deaths in the future. The criteria for the success of this project is to create an accurate model of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries in a modeling and simulation software that can be further developed and help further research of the disease. The time constraints could affect whether or not we could complete the project to our best ability since it may take time to learn how to use the software Blender and MCell, which we are going to use to model it, as well as model the actual disease itself.

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Bickel: Period 3

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Bickel: Period 3

Experimental Design

My research question asks, can acetic acid be used to effectively kill microorganisms commonly found in burn wound infections? I will conduct my experiment gathering cultures of some of the most prominent pathogens found in burn wound infections such as Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas. Then, I will disperse each of the active bacteria into petri dishes and add in a diluted form (5%) of acetic acid. After 1 hour, I will use the live/dead Baclight assay to determine whether each of bacteria has been killed or not as well as how much of it. I will conduct this experiment multiple times, using different levels of diluted acetic acid, such as 8% and 10%. I will collect my data using a bar chart comparing the level of dilution of the acetic acid and the number of bacteria left for each pathogen after the experiment.

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Cameron Crump - Bickel Period 3
Chanmeanuon Yin - Bowles Period
Both Period 5 Sanchez.

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Alexis Creus, Catherine Suico, Chloe Bernas

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Alexis Creus, Catherine Suico, Chloe Bernas

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Alexis Creus- Bickel P.3
Catherine Suico & Chloe Bernas- Bickel P.1

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Lavie Nguyen, Catherine Dinh, Gabrielle Glumalid

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Lavie Nguyen, Catherine Dinh, Gabrielle Glumalid

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Lavie Nguyen and Gabrielle Glumalid- Bickel P.1
Catherine Dinh-Bickel P.5

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Nicholas Lee - Bickle period 3
Bryan Luke - Bickle period 3
Ethan Ruff - Bowles period 1
Sanchez 2
People who often go outdoors may run out of water because there isn’t always a clean source of water or maybe there’s isn’t a source of water so they need something that can filter and store water so they can’t survive out there.

So we will be building a water bottle that has a built in water filter. specifically a ceramic water filter because of their effectiveness and the cheap cost of making one. The ceramic filter will work using gravity just as it would in the natural world supposedly going through the ceramic and filtering out sediment and bacteria resulting in clean drinkable water.

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Bikel period 3
Sanchez period 0

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Bickel: Period 3

Hypothesis: Faster growing plants will be able to produce more electricity than slower growing plants because since energy is obviously needed for a plant to grow, more energy is also needed for larger and faster growing plants so that all the cells can be powered and functioning. This “increased demand” should cause more production of organic material resulting from the processes photosynthesis, and with the help of bacteria, these organic material will be broken down with electron byproducts, or electricity.

Experimental Design: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-QROw64ecmb7Zi7e9r-Jr3enKgvXcRgeZzdIuOcIW50/edit?usp=sharing

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Bickel Period 3

Our mobile application will bring a service to the people by calculating plastic usage, providing a map to local recycling places so they can recycle their waste, access to knowing what the air pollution in their area is, along with an open padlet for users to share their experiences. The layout of the app will be set up like a social media app, but when you slide to a different screen there would be the rest of the services that Leaf Life would provide.

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Bickel - Per 1
Bickel - Per 3
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Rf7K5t4YnzXlHGz-kUbkTvNtpmvdzzPsdaLt6Qkx3wU/edit?usp=sharing

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Brandon Olivas, Tyler Bladh, Camden Castro

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Brandon Olivas, Tyler Bladh, Camden Castro

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Brandon - Bickel P. 1
Tyler- Bowles P.3
Camden- Bickel P. 5

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Mrs. Bickel - Period 1
Mrs. Sanchez - Period 2

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Mrs. Bowles - Period 3
Mrs. Sanchez - Period 2

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DW_fjKnkD0h0S-x4esq6xYlf6ni4PIr1bpZMrCB7Pmk/edit?usp=sharing

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pH4Dwrs9J1nGvCM8kmo5jclcSogwh15MsEuBTfPPdM0/edit?usp=sharing

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Mrs. Bowles P.1

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Bickel - Period 3

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Mrs. Bickel P.1
Mrs. Bickel P.3
Problem:
The wireless charger isn't truly wireless. You have to put your phone on top of a QI wireless charging pad and you cant move your phone away from it. Some wireless chargers are portable and you can take it with you but you still have to hold onto it on the back of your phone.

Brainstorm:
What we want to do is to make a wireless charger that will allow you to move around in your room (average room size which is 10ft by 10ft) and your phone will still charge

Materials:
Copper Wires
Phone
Laptop
Notebook
$100~$300
Room

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Mrs.Bickel
per.1

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Mrs. Bickel p.1

Problem:

The problem is that the average toilet according to PMI (Plumbing Manufacturers International) uses 1.6 gallons of fresh water per flush. The use of water in the toilet is to transport human excrement through the plumbing to ensure that the pipes are clean. There are alternate ways to flush down excrement through plumbing without the use of water as the elimination of the use of water in the toilet would allow the conservation of our water supply.

Materials:

1. Toilet- Cost about $69.00

2. Clear Pvc pipes - Cost about $27.95

3. Small air pressure tank - Cost about $9.99

4.  Starch - Cost about $1.42

5. Glycerin - Cost about $2.99

6. Vinegar - Cost about $1.40

7. Silicone heat pad - Cost about $9.95

8. Pot - Cost about $0.00

9. Stove- Cost about $0.00

Brainstorm & Sketch:

For the project we will use a type of bioplastic capsule that will capture the “bulk” and transfer it through the plumbing using air pressure.

1.

The bioplastic will be made with water, starch or tapioca starch, glycerin, and vinegar and when drying use a piece of cardboard, shaped as a cone, to shape the bioplastic into a cone. In theory, the cone shape bioplastic will line the toilet and catch the bulk and close. When the bioplastic cone catches the bulk there will have to be a sealer such as a hot iron that will seal the cone as if it was a chip bag and then the pressure assist will send it down the plumbing.

The pressure assist will replace the water so the flush valve and the rest of the normal toilet system will be removed. The hot irons would be put in the floor flange in a configuration that would seal the bioplastic cone.

2.

As a type of “Plan B” the bioplastic cone may be replaced with different designs due to how easy the catch is to seal the bulk in the bioplastic. Another type of bioplastic capsule/catch design is similar to a coffee filter. The other model will have a flat bottom that will be lined up with the floor flange of the toilet and the rest will act as a cone and similar to the original model line the bowl of the toilet.

3.

Another design for the hot iron placed at the floor flange would place the irons on the underside of the toilet seat. The irons could be bow shaped to line the toilet seat and revolve at a joint that could be attached in the area of the tank o-ring seal for each of the two irons so they can seal the cone together.

4.

Another design for the capsules would use a bulb shape in replacement of the flat bottom. The bulb design at the tip would catch the urine and other liquid materials flushed. The other designs should not catch the urine as well as a bulb shape in theory but the truth comes out through tests. The properties of the bioplastics brewed up will dictate the design of the capsule.