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(4.) Tectonic: If something is tectonic, it relates to the deformation of Earth's rocky crust.

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3.) The central idea's that the author is conveying are located in the paragraphs under the heading "Hydro-thermal Vents" which is: Scientist discovered that some bacteria release energy by composing sulfides spewing from the geysers and the bacteria may be food for other creatures living under the deep-sea. Another central idea the author reveals is; These hydro-thermal vents are a continuous source varying from the single-celled microbe to the white crabs.

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2.) This section of the article discusses how undersea volcanic activity forms hydrogen sulfide. By this means, the bacteria that is released by the sulfides forms a food energy. Meanwhile, the hydro thermal vents ranges from the single-celled microbe that lives in the vent.