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https://play.kahoot.it/#/?quizId=e65a041e-d4ec-4464-b68e-936796044e8f

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Patients were chained to their beds and wrapped in wet sheets, day and night, because people didn't know what to do with them.

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This room shows some of the awful conditions mentally ill patients lived in while imprisoned.

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Dorothea Dix was an author, teacher and reformer. Her efforts in the Prison and Asylum Reform Movements for the mentally ill and prisoners helped create dozens of new institutions across the United States, and improved people's opinions of the mentally ill.
On March 28, 1841, Dorothea Dix was asked to teach Sunday School for women at the East Cambridge Jail. Upon her arrival, she saw the innocent and guilty, sane and insane individuals crowded into a single group. There was no distinction between the mentally ill and those convicted of a crime. Dix instantly felt that something needed to be done. She began surveying hospitals for the insane in Massachusetts. Most of the mentally ill were living in poorhouses or jails, chained, and forced to endure horrendous conditions. Dix met with doctors in order to search for a humane alternative treatment. She said the sick and insane were "confined in this Commonwealth in cages, closets, cellars, stalls, pens! Chained, beaten with rods, lashed into obedience." She was one of the first to realize the problem in prisons. After several months of building her case, Dix wrote a petition to the Massachusetts Legislature in an attempt to improve prison conditions and establish separate facilities for the insane. Lawmakers were shocked by her report, and voted to make a change.

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The mentally ill were abused and mistreated, in a place meant for them to receive care. The jailers would treat them roughly and hurt them if they didn't do what was wanted right away. People thought that the mentally ill did not have a disease, but were possessed by the devil and needed to be punished. Some of the patients were beat, grabbed, and dragged around by their hair and many more things that were unimaginably inhumane.

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Reform movement leaders gathered information for years to improve the treatment of the mentally ill and establish asylums for them. In 1843, there were 13 mental hospitals in the United States, and by 1880, there were 123. Dorothea Dix played a direct role in founding at least 32 of them. An asylum is an organization offering shelter and support to people who are mentally ill. The environments were improved for patients in these asylums, and doctors and nurses cared for them in a way that would be beneficial for the mentally insane. As asylums across America became more common, more and more families sent mentally ill family members to hospitals to get help, and the treatment and public image of the mentally ill and insane became better and more humane. People no longer believed the mentally ill were possessed, but were in need of help and proper care.

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Imprisonment is a form of criminal punishment, which became widespread in the United States just before the American Revolution. The Prison and Asylum  Reform was the movement of the mentally ill from punishment in prisons with criminals, to care in asylums, and the distinction between criminals and people who needed help. This reform also improved public opinion of the mentally ill.

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Dr. John Galt started the first publicly supported, or community tax funded, psychiatric hospital in America. Administrators were concerned about having room to "store" the ill, but not in how they were treated. Dr. Galt had many revolutionary ideas about treating the insane, such as his belief that the mentally ill continued to have dignity. He also introduced "Talk Therapy," which is when the doctor talks out the problem with the patient.      Louis Dwight was the founder of the Boston Prison Discipline Society, which was a group of people that frequently visited jails and attempted to improve conditions in prisons. They did so by collecting records and presenting their findings to the public and spreading awareness. He spread the Auburn system throughout America's jails, which was a method of punishment in which criminals were forced to work during the day, and kept alone at night. Dwight was a prison reform activist because when he visited prisons, he saw the unlivable conditions of prisoners and the mentally ill.