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TOWER BRIDGE
•Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London built between 1886 and 1894. The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and has become an iconic symbol of London
•The bridge consists of two bridge towers tied together at the upper level by two horizontal walkways

HISTORY
• Before its restoration in the 2010s, the bridge's colour scheme dated from 1977, when it was painted red, white and blue for Queen Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee. Its colours were subsequently restored to blue and white.
•Sir John Wolfe Barry was appointed engineer with Sir Horace Jones as architect
• Construction had to be in a Gothic style, it started in 1886 and took eight years
• The bridge was officially opened on 30 June 1894 by the Prince of Wales, the future King Edward VII,  and his wife, The Princess of Wales, Alexandra of Denmark
• In 1982, the Tower Bridge Exhibition opened, housed in the bridge's twin towers, the long-closed high-level walkways and the Victorian engine rooms.

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HYDE PARK

Facts
⦁ Hyde Park, which opened to the public in 1637, is the largest of several royal parks in London that are connected to each other, forming one large green lung in the center of the city. The other parks are the neighboring Kensington Gardens, Green Park and St. James's Park.
⦁ Hyde Park covers more than 142 hectares and hosts many large events, including celebrations and concerts. It is also a popular place for jogging, swimming, rowing, picnicking and even horse riding.

History
⦁ In 1536 King Henry VIII confiscated Hyde Park from the monks of Westminster Abbey. It was used primarily for hunting. King Charles I opened the park to the public in 1637. The current park layout was planned by architect Decimus Burton in 1825.

Sights
Hyde Park boasts plenty of monuments, memorials and other sights, and you can easily spend several hours exploring the park.
⦁ The Serpentine - a large artificial lake popular for boating and swimming
⦁ Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain - modern circular  fountain installed in honor of princess Diana. It was inaugurated in 2004 by Queen Elizabeth II.
⦁ Rotten Row - a famous bridle path. The road is almost four miles long (6,4 km) and is now used as a horse riding and jogging route. In the seventeenth century the road was often used by William III. The king found the walk from Kensington Palace to St. James's Palace too dangerous, so he had oil lamps installed along the route, thus creating the first lit public road in England. The term 'Rotten Row' is derived from the French 'route du roi' or King's road.
⦁ Speakers' Corner - It was established in 1872 to create a venue where people would be allowed to speak freely. Here, every Sunday people stand on a soap box and proclaim their views on political, religious or other items, sometimes interrupted and challenged by their audience.
⦁ Marble Arch -It was originally built in 1827 as a gateway to Buckingham Palace, but it was moved to its present location in 1851. The design by John Nash was based on the Arch of Constantine in Rome.
⦁ Joy of Life Fountain
⦁ Achilles Statue -The largest statue in Hyde Park created by Richard Westmacott. It was installed in 1822 to honor the Duke of Wellington, the victor over Napoleon's army at Waterloo. The statue was nude but true to their reputation, the prudish Londoners were shocked and Westmacott was forced to add a fig leaf, hence the quite ridiculous appearance of the statue.

There's more than just statues and memorials in Hyde Park though. Most of the park consists of open grassy areas dotted with large trees. There are very few flowerbeds or shrubs, but an exception is The Rose garden in the southeast corner of Hyde Park. Here you can find plenty of flowers, a long winding pergola and two fine fountains.

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-mjuzikl Andrewa Lloyda Webbera nastao je na temelju romana Gastona Lerouxa "The Phantom of the Opera"
-premijerno je prikazan u Her Majesty's Theatre na londonskom West Endu 9.10.1986., a odonda ga je vidjelo više od 80 milijuna ljudi

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-najprofitabilniji je kazališni projekt na svijetu, zaradio je više od 3,2 milijarde dolara
-mjuzikl je izveden više od 65 tisuća u 18 zemalja, te je nagrađen s više od 50 nagrada
-2. je najduži mjuzikl u brodvejskoj povijesti

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-Fantom želi Christinu učiniti zvijezdom opere, ali se njoj udvara Raoul de Chagny te se Fantom naljuti
-ljubomora i strast prijete rastanku ljubavnika

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Rodin and the art of ancient Greece
In 1881 the French sculptor Auguste Rodin visited London for the first time. On a trip to the British Museum, he saw the Parthenon sculptures and was instantly captivated by the beauty of these ancient Greek masterpieces.
Rodin took inspiration from the powerful expression that day conveyed through the body alone. He even removed the heads and limbs from his own figures to make them closer to the broken relics of the past. By doing so, he created a new genre of contemporary art - the headless, limbless torso.

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Special exhibitions

Rodin and the art of ancient Greece

Prints and drawings from the Fontainebleau School

Charmed lives in Greece

Money and medals

Departments
The Museum has 10 curatorial and research departments.

Africa, Oceania and the Americas

Ancient Egypt and Sudan

Asia

Britain, Europe and Prehistory

Coins and Medals

Conservation and scientific research

Greece and Rome

Middle East

Portable Antiquities and Treasure

Prints and Drawings

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History of the British Museum

It was founded in 1753, the first national public museum in the world.

Visitor numbers have grown from around 5,000 a year in the eighteenth century to nearly 6 million today.

The origins of the British Museum lie in the will of the physician, naturalist and collector, Sir Hans Sloane.

Sloane collected more than 71,000 objects which he wanted to be preserved intact after his death.

The British Museum opened to the public on 15 January 1759.

In the early part if the 19th century there were a number of high profile acquisitions. These included the Rosetta Stone (1802), the Townley collection of classical sculpture (1805) and the Parthenon sculptures (1816).

A key figure during this period was Sir Augustus Wollastone Franks. Appointed to the Museum in 1851, he was the first person to be responsible for British and medieval material.

The Queen Elizabeth II Great Court, built in the space vacated by the library, reflects the most recent public expansion at the Museum. At two acres, it is the largest covered public space in Europe. In the centre is the restored Reading Room, while around and beneath it new galleries and an education centre were built.

In 2009, the Museum was awarded the Carbon Trust Standard for its efforts to reduce its carbon footprint.

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Lorena Šćerbe  How is a mouse like a giraffe?

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Lorena Šćerbe  How is a mouse like a giraffe?

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Mice and giraffes may look like they could not be more different from each other. But under the surface they have more in common than it may first seem.

It's all in the neck!

Mice and giraffes live drastically different lives – not to mention that giraffes tower over mice by over five meters.

A giraffe's neck is extraordinary long, making up a large part of its height. This allows the animal to reach the leaves of tall trees. But an elongated neck is also integral to the courtship behaviour of 'necking'.
Necking involves males duelling by swinging their heads like battering rams into each other's ribs and legs. Those with longer necks usually stand to an advantage in these battles.

Despite its elongated form, the neck of a giraffe is made up of just seven large bones known as cervical vertebrae.

By comparison, the body of the common house mouse (Mus musculus) is only around 10 centimetres long, its tail contributing more to the overall length.
However, despite outward appearances, the small rodent bears one striking similarity to Earth's tallest living terrestrial creature on a skeletal level.

Mice also have seven cervical vertebrae in their necks, though extremely small compared to those of a giraffe.

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Why the Coral Triangle is the most important part of the ocean?The Coral Triangle in Southeast Asia is the most diverse place in the ocean. And it could hold the secrets to protecting huge swathes of the planet's underwater habitats.Dr Nadia Santodomingo, a coral expert at the Museum, is about to spend three years investigating the corals that live there.The Coral Triangle is a part of ocean spanning six million square kilometres, over Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste.Although it's far less well-known than other places with abundant corals, like the Great Barrier Reef, the Coral Triangle is home to 30% of the world's reefs. In fact, when it comes to biodiversity, it is like nowhere else on Earth. More than 75% of the known coral species live there, as well as 37% of the world's coral reef fish.It is home to six of the world's seven species of marine turtle, as well as blue whales, sperm whales, dolphins and dugongs.

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The ornate nature of the museum isn't random. When the building was built, the sculptures and representations were of living species in the west wing, and extinct species in the east wing. It's thought that Richard Owen planned this as a rebuttal of Darwin's contemporary attempt to link present and past species.

One of the most interesting times to visit the Natural History Museum is after the crowds have dispersed at the end of the day. These unique nighttime visits to the Central Hall and other galleries include opportunities to enjoy the museum's food and beverage outlets. Occasional "sleepovers" are also available and often include a sumptuous three-course meal, live music, and movies.

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LONDON EYE

Facts;

The London Eye, known for sponsorship reasons as the Coca-Cola London Eye, is a giant Ferris wheel on the South Bank of the River Thames in London.

On average the London Eye receives more visitors per year than the Taj Mahal and the Great Pyramids of Giza.

Despite there only being 32 capsules, for superstitious reasons they are numbered 1 to 33: for good luck, there is no capsule numbered 13

The London Eye can carry 800 people each rotation, which is comparable to 11 London red double decker buses.

Usually, the London Eye is light up in blue, but in 2005, it was lit pink, to celebrate the first Civil Partnership performed on it.

History;

The London Eye was designed by the husband-and-wife team of Julia Barfield and DavidMarks of Marks Barfield Architects

The London Eye was formally opened by then PrimeMinister TonyBlair on 31 December 1999, but did not open to the paying public until 9 March 2000 because of a capsule clutch problem.

Passenger capsules;

Each of the 10-tonne (11-short-ton) capsules represents one of the London Boroughs, and holds up to 25 people, who are free to walk around inside the capsule, though seating is provided. The wheel rotates at 26 cm per second so that one revolution takes about 30 minutes.

Capsules travel at a leisurely pace of 26cm per second, which is twice as fast as a tortoise sprinting.

Each London Eye capsule weighs 10 tonnes.
The total weight of the wheel and capsules is 2,100 tonnes.

On 2 June 2013 a passenger capsule was named the Coronation Capsule to mark the sixtieth anniversary of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.

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The Science Museum is a major museum on Exhibition Road in Sout Kensington, London. It was founded in 1857 and today is one of the city’s major tourist attractions, attracting 3.3 milion visitors annually.

The Science Museum now holds a collection of over 300.000 items, including such famous items as Stephenson’s Rocket, Puffing Billy (the oldest surviving steam locomotive), the first jet engine, a reconstruction of Francis Crick and James Watson’s model of DNA, some of the earliest remaining steam engines (including an example of a Newcomen steam engine, the worlds first steam engine), a working example of Charles Babbage’s Difference engine, the first prototype of the 10.000-years Clock of the Long Now, and documentation of the first type-writer. It also contains hundreds of interactive exhibits. A recent addition is the IMAX 3D Cinema showing science and nature documentaries.

The fourth floor exhibit is called “Glimpses of Medical History”, with reconstructions of the history of practised medicine. The fifth floor gallery is called “Science and the Art of Medicine”, with exhibits of medical instruments and practices from ancient days and from many countries.

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Big Ben
-Big Ben is the nickname for the Great Bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London and usually extended to refer to both the clock and the clock tower. The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower, but it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II.

-The tower was designed by Augustus Pugin in a neo-gothic style. When completed in 1859, its clock was the largest and most accurate four -faced striking and chiming clock in the world. The tower stands 96 m tall, and the climb from ground level to the belfry is 334 steps. Dials of the clock are 7 m diameter. On 31 May 2009 was tower's 150th anniversary.
-Big Ben is the largest of five bells. The clock uses its original Victorian mechanism, but an electric motor can be used as a backup.

- The clock has become a cultural symbol of the United Kingdom, particularly in the visual media. When a television or film-maker wishes to indicate a generic location in the country, a popular ways to do so is to show an image of the tower, often with a red double -decker bus or black cab in the foreground.

- The tower was completed on 31 May 1859; 158 years ago

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UNEARTHED http://www.sciencechannelgo.com When parliament commissioned this clock in 1854, they insisted Big Ben be the biggest, most powerful clock in the world. It takes an hour and a half to wind this massive engineering marvel!

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The blue whale model at London's Natural History Museum is the institution's unofficial mascot. The life-sized model (28.3 meters long) is now 80 years old. Built in situ in the museum's Whale Hall, the model drew on technology used to make first-world-war planes.

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- The Globe Theatre burned down in 1613 when a special effect on stage went wrong. A cannon used for a performance of Henry VIII set light to the thatched roof and the fire quickly spread, reportedly taking less than two hours to burn down completely.

- Colour coding was used to advertise the type of play to be performed - a black flag meant a tragedy , white a comedy and red a history.

- The Globe has a large, round open air theatre. The reason why they have the open space at the top is because when it was Shakespearean time they didn't have electricity so they had to use the sun for light.

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- A crest above the main entrance to The Globe Theatre was inscribed with motto “Totus mundus agit histrionem” – Latin for “The whole world is a playhouse”.

- William Shakespeare was a shareholder who owned 12.5% of The Globe Theatre. As a young writer, Shakespeare bought shares in the theatre and benefited financially as his popularity grew.

- There were no actresses performing at The Globe Theatre – or any other theatre at that time. Female roles were played by young boys because theatre stages were considered a too risque place for ladies.