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The IBM Stretch is an amazing computer designed in the 1950s that included many advanced organization and microarchitecture techniques that would be considered aggressive by even today's standards. These techniques include predecoding, memory operand prefetch, pre-execution of certain instructions  speculative execution based upon branch prediction, branch misprediction recovery, and precise interrupts. ‎Gene Amdahl

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Time sharing and teletype were the two ways a person could communicate to the mainframe. Time sharing would share the amount of time each person had to do something, and teletype would communicate with the computer through typing

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The first commercial computer produced in the United States. The computer was designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. The first Univac was accepted into the United States Census Bureau on March 31, 1951. It was used to store data by transferring data from punched cards to be on the Univac's magnetic storage discs.

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The microelectronics revolution is what allowed the amount of hand-crafted wiring seen in the prior photo to be mass-produced as an integrated circuit which is a small sliver of silicon the size of your thumbnail.

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A microprocessor is a computer that is made on an integrated circuit. The first microprocessor was made by intel in 1971. Intel didn’t make the first computer, but they were the first to cram an entire computer into a single chip.

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Changing program on Endvac look days. Edvac pioneered stored program. The edvac was binary and not decimal. It had automatic addition, subtraction, multiplication, programmed division and automatic checking with a ultrasonic serial memor

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24 - Batch Mode Processing and Punch Cards

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24 - Batch Mode Processing and Punch Cards

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Batch Mode Processing is the process of processing punch cards. Herman Hollerith invented the punch card in 1890. The image below, is of a machine that would process a punch card.

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The third generation of computers was marked by the development of the integrated circuit. Transistors were then minimized and placed on silicon chips. This greatly improved the speed and efficiency of computers.

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John Neumann came up with the idea to store a set of instructions in a central unit for the computer in 1945. This allowed the computer to perform a variety of tasks on its own merit. This central processing unit (CPU) would come to revolutionize how computers ran and is now a staple of all modern day computers.

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In the 1970's, INTEL devised the microprocessor. Although large, clunky, and not very powerful by today's computing standards, it was a vital step in making computers more powerful as well as mobile and affordable.

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Mainframe Computers were first created in the late 1950s and were continually upgraded and produced through the 1970s. These computers were designed for "Large-scale scientific and technological applications." Due to the lack of sophisticated computer technology at the time, mainframe computers often took up large amount of space in rooms.

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Leibniz (a philosopher) managed to build a four-function (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) calculator called the stepped reckoner. I used fluted drums having ten flutes placed around them in a stair shape. It used a decimal number system using the flutes (because there were ten).

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In 1617 Scotsman named John Napier invented logarithms, which are a technology that allows multiplication to be performed via addition.

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ENIAC or Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer was a huge 18,000 test tube computer used to make complex wartime ballistic tables. This is computer was programmed by re-arranging wires. ENIAC was made in 1943 - 1945 and was presented in 1946.

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The calculating clock has been identified as the first gear-driven calculator machine. It was invented by German astronomer and mathematician Wilhelm Schickard in 1623. Although this device was ahead of its time, it never received publicity because its inventor died soon after from the bubonic plague.

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The IBM Stretch is an amazing computer designed in the 1950s that included many advanced organization and microarchitecture techniques that would be considered aggressive by even today's standards.

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Its a large device that is as large a house. it is powered be 6 steam engines. it was programable thanks to the punch card. Babbage who is the creator realized that punched paper can be employed as a storage mechanism. the machine had to main parts in it store and mill both of them are used in the waving industry. the store was where the numbers where held and the mill is where the numbers were woven. its like todays computer they have to same parts like the analytic engine, a memory unit is used for storage and the CPU is use for processing date.

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Copper Bailey
Consisted of a card reader, a gear mechanism that could count, and a large wall of dials to interpret how much the numbers are.

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The colossus was a machine made for breaking cryptographic code by Britain in World War II. Britain had a big impact in that time when it came to creating electronic machines made to read code from Germany's radio transmissions. The machine was made just to do so, and was not able to anything else but it's intended purpose.

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London Gricius
Harvard and IBM created a computer in 1944. This was the first programmable computer made in the US. The computer was not purely electronic. It is mostly made of switches, relays, and rotating shafts. The computer weighed a mass of 5 tons. it was 8 feet tall and 51 feet long. The amount of time it ran for was 15 years.

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Discovered by Grace Hopper, The first bug was discovered in the "Mark I" computer. The actual bug itself was a dead moth that had intruded the Mark I. The word "bug" had been used since 1889 to describe a defect, but Hopper was credited with the creation of the term "Debugging", which she literally did.

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This was the first computer to use only electronic components. This means there were no analog parts like gears or belts. It was the first computer to use capacitors to store electronic charges as data.

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The pascaline is a one-function calculator which could only add numbers, it could not subtract, multiply, or divide, just add. It was made in 1642 by Blaise Pascal. He made it for his father, who was a tax collector. Only 50 of them were made.

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Created by William Oughtred
The Slide Rule is mostly used for multiplication and division and also for functions such as exponents, roots, logarithms and trigonometry, but is not really used for adding and subtracting.

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created by Charle Babbage, it would have been able to compute tables of numbers, but was the most expensive government funded project (also took ten years to get nowhere) at that time so funds dried out like a raisin.

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Jacquards loom was a power loom that made the patterns via a sheet that had holes in it. With which the loom read and appropriately sowed the patterned design on the fabric. The loom was a boon to many loom operators but caused many people to riot due to jobs lost. Angry mobs often destroyed the looms and once attacked Jacquard himself. He even made a portrait of himself with ten-thousand punchcards, in black and white silk. http://www.computerhistory.org/storageengine/punched-cards-control-jacquard-loom/ (link to a place with the picture in sepia.)

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ATM's . 2001 started fading out; product support stopped in 2006.

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Ultimately, demand for the new architecture on the desktop never truly materialized. Windows, OS/2, and Sun customers, faced with the lack of application software for the PowerPC, almost universally ignored the chip. IBM's Workplace OS platform (and thus, OS/2 for PowerPC) was summarily canceled upon its first developers' release in December 1995 due to the simultaneous buggy launch of the PowerPC 620.

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Drag and drop. 1st software on CD, but initially came on 15 floppy disks.

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24 - Batch Mode Processing & Punch Cards

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24 - Batch Mode Processing & Punch Cards

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The Abacus was an early form of aid for mathematicians.