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4. Opinion about rewards and punishment
Reward and punishment is a good initiative to motivate someone to do good things and to stop the unwanted behavior. Rewarding someone after an action will increase that particular behavior in the future. It is essential to ensure the contuinuity of that good and desired behavior. However, this can also cause someone to focus on the reward only and neglecting the real impact of his or her actions. This will reduce and might erase intrinsic motivation. The actions perform mainly to receive external reward and does not driven by internal desire. This might cause someone to be materialistic.
Moreover, punishment is necessary to create boundries in actions. We will not do something inappropriate in order to avoid the punishment. Punishment usually given to stop or decrease the unwanted behavior. This is suitable to be applied to children as they usually are not aware of the consequences of their actions, so this will act as reminder for them to not do bad things. Hence, punishment given must be bearable and suitable to avoid dissatisfaction from the person who recieved the punishment.

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1. From our perspectives, caning is not the right way to be used as corporal punishment in Malaysia. It is because caning can cause long term trauma. It is also because of the possibility of the students become adapt to the punishment. When they do something bad, they expect to be punished by canning.
2. Getting punished by doing something wrong will instill the mindset of “if I do something wrong, I should be punished” instead of understanding a person’s reason for the act.
3. Since caning can inflict pain, it could increase the student’s aggressiveness. The students will get all tense and flinch whenever they see the cane.
4. There are many other methods that can be used to correct students’ behaviors that are less traumatic and emotionally and physically abusive such as try to talk them down and try to understand them instead of being angry. Another kind of methods would be repetitive writing or extra load of work.

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The disadvantages of reward system.
1. Despite rewarding somone may make them feel motivated, it can demotivate those who don't receive them. Leave them feeling insecure about their work and performance.

2. Biased
Rewarding someone can be a good thing but toward otger people's point of view and morale. They may think that we are biased for giving reward to who they may think its not fitting for it.

3. Expected
If the reward system is in a fixed intervals, people have already expecting it and will not have a sense of motivation to get the reward anymore.

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1. It is okay for canning to be a form of corporal punishment if the offence is serious like bullying or stealing. And the student is at the adolesence age.
2. Canning is a type of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is active behaviour that operates upon the environment to generates consequences. Canning is a type of punishment that will make the behaviour decrease.
3. Canning works when we do it to students who mistakes so that they will not make the same behaviour as they are aware that if they repeat the behaviour,  they will be punish.
4. Public service, detention.

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1.    Rewards can be a form of motivation. For example, a child learns how to write his or her name and in return they got a hug and appraisal from their parents. Rewards can also seem as an appreciation. For instance, a worker was given 2 to 3 days off as an appreciation for working hard to achieve the organization’s goals. People’s behaviour can be improved in the long term if given the appropriate award(s).
2.    Disadvantages of reward in changing people’s behaviour are that this particular person decides to change their attitude just for the rewards given. Once they have a taste of the sweet reward(s) that they get, they became greedy and wanted more of it. For example, a government servant still gets their monthly salary although they did not work on any projects they got in their hand seriously.
3.    Punishment can be divided into two categories which are positive punishment and negative punishment. The example given for positive punishment is a child has been warned by his mother not to touch the boiling kettle but the child doesn’t herd his mum’s warning and the consequences were the child feels a burn on his hand when the child couldn’t contain his curiosity and touch the boiling kettle anyway. As for negative punishment, a child was punished by his teacher with a time out in a corner for 15 minutes because he was scribbling on the wall.
4.    From the theory of Law of Effect, rewards can be satisfying hence the good behaviour will be strengthened. For punishment-wise, it felt annoying to those who are being punished hence they will try to decrease their bad behaviour. In my group’s opinion, we feel that both rewards and punishment have their own pros and cons. Both should be given appropriately in avoidance of changing the particular behaviour just to get the reward or avoiding unwanted punishment.

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1. Due to his bad performance, Hassan should be given a firm warning in form of a written letter.
2. Based on operant conditioning theory, warning is a kind of positive punishment to decrease Hassan bad behaviors. Every time Hassan come late to work, he received a warning letter. As a consequence, he might decrease his behavior of coming late in either to stay in the organization.
3. Yes, reward is a good motivator to change. This is because it can increase self-esteem from the internal perspective. It can also bring a feeling of satisfaction on someone. In addition, giving someone an external reward likes praise, bonus on salary and others can increase the employee motivation to work harder.
4. Yes, punishment can be a part of behaviour change. This is because punishment can give an unpleasant feeling for someone and lead to changing of behaviour.

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1. - Classical conditioning( ivan pavlov)

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1. - Classical conditioning( ivan pavlov)

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Unconditioned Stimulus - rotan
Unconditioned response - Fear to teacher
Conditioned stimulus -  footstep
Conditioned response- Take the book

-Operant conditioning( B.F. Skinner)
Positive punishment
To reduce student bad behavior from waste their time by doing the useless things such as did  not take out the book before the class start.

2. Because student is fear of Tuan Haji Zainal's footstep,as they remember that they might get punish & they did not memories the timetable.

3. No, because fear is not healty for kids development. When the student finish the class their would easily forget the times table. This is we called undone classical conditioning which is if the student learns the time table by force, the knowledge would not stay permanent.

4. We suggest positve reinforcement. This is because in other to make students constantly increase the behavior in memories the timetable, Tuan Haji Zainal should give reward to the students instead of punishing them. This would may trigger the students interest in learning mathematics.

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Reward can be used to get people to engage in certain behaviors, but they can also be used to get people to stop performing certain actions. reward only become powerful if the individual places importance on the reward . Rewards have to be obtainable in order to be motivating. For example, a student will not be motivated to earn a top grade on an exam if the assignment is so difficult that it is not realistically achievable.

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Tantrum (Group 3)
1. Behaviourism Theory in the scenario above is Lisa will repeatedly tantrum when she get something that she wanted.
2.
Positive reinforcement-Lisa will think tantrum will lead her to get the reward, the things what she wants and she will more likely to repeat this behavior again and again
Negative reinforcement-Emma feel embarrassment when Lisa' tantrum. She is more likely to remove something unpleasant which is Lisa'tantrum and she is more likely to repeat the behavior when Lisa request something
3.No. This is because the repetition of the behavior of Emma will never stop the child behavior and it may shape the selfish personality to the child.
4.
Reward and punishment- set up a schedule for this
Extinction-just lift her out when she tantrum.

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3. Discuss the effect of punishment in changing people’s behavior.

⭐️There are two types of punishment:
A) positive punishment
•it can decrease the unwanted behavior from happening again
B) negative punishment
•it can remove the undesirable behavior from happening again
⭐️However, it comes with two posibilities, whether people will stop or continue doing the unwanted behavior. For example, people that have been punished for a crime are being sent to jail. After they are released, we will never know the punishment will remove their behavior or otherwise.
⭐️Punishment can affect emotional response. Some people can and some are cannot accept when being punished. For those who cannot accept, they will tend to suppressed emotions and dissatisfaction.

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1. Based on the scenario given, the behaviourism theory used are classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
Classical conditioning:
- The students automatically complete their time table box when they heard Tuan Haji Zainal’s footstep.
- Natural stimuli —> footstep
- Conditioned stimuli —> footstep
- Conditioned respond —> open time table box
- Unconditioned respond —> scared/anxious of being punished.

Operant Conditioning:
- Positive punishment
Increase behaviour by adding something to increase the students behaviour to use their time wisely, a punishment such as canning is added.

2. Because the students want to avoid from being punish and feeling unpleasant.

3. Is it bad but also can be good:
- Bad —> the child will learn in fear because they are forced to. They would feel unsafe and would impact the students’/childs’ behaviour.
- Good —> to make the students well discipline and to make them learn what is good and what’s bad. It is the quickest and most effective ways to make them memories their time table.

4. By making the class more interesting such as playing games and quizzes. Prizes should be given for those who ace the timetable. This would motivate and create a healthy competition between them. Teachers could also put stickers and colourful stamp in students book so that they would do their work.

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1. In our opinion, we agree that caning is one of the best way to punish student based on their discipline case

2. Punishment both positive and negative can decrease the posiblity of an event happening again. Caning is a type of punishment. It can reduce bullying at school and reduce negative behavior.

3. Students who have discipline problems will decrease because the caning punishment is embarrassing if it done in front of people and most importantly it hurt anyone who being caning.

4. The punishment depends on student's discipline case. If the case are not serious like not doing their homework can be punished lightly such as standing on the chair. If the discipline are serious they should be punished such as suspended from school

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Christle Jane Raphael 65685

Chan Zhi Shan 65620

Nur Raihani Mohd Yusri Azhar 65094

Sharifah Sophia Shahirah Bt Wan Akil 65201

Ashleigh Icha Gregory 68824

1. The suggestions for behaviour modification to Hassan is positive reinforcement, negative punishment and positive punishment.

2. Behaviorism theory would help Hassan change his behaviour. Positive reinforcement is providing reward after an action is completed. For example, in Hassan's case, by adding bonus, promotion, or even giving acknowledgement of his hard works (awarding him with employee of the month) . Negative punishment is when something good is removed. In Hassan's case, cutting down his salary whenever he's late or disappear during office hour is removing something good, which will eventually decrease the behaviour. We can also suggest positive punishment, which is adding something bad, where we can incorporate that by telling Hassan to write a letter of apology everytime he is late.

3. Maybe. Sometimes, too much dependence on reward would result in overjustification, whereby the person would only act upon extrinsic motivation, coming in the form of money, prize, rewards and other outside factors.

Whereas, if a person has a behaviour that is driven by intrinsic motivation, the person strives for personal satisfaction and achievement as it arises from within the individual's self. Intrinsic motivation has a long term effect, compared to the extrinsic reward.

4. We considered punishment as part of behaviour change since fear changes or motivates a person to do something. Although it does not always work for certain people and they might rebel. Aside from that, fear is not a good factor to change a behaviour as it might cause negative effects for that individual. Fear won't have a lasting effect, just like extrinsic motivation, as the will to do something does not come from from the individual themselves. They are actually forced to do or perform a task.

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Group 10 (case study 2)
1.The theory shown is operant conditioning.
It is negative reinforcement to Lisa’s mother because her mother want to avoid public embarassment.

2.The situation might occur before which gave lisa an idea to do it again. Her mother does not have the effort to avoid the tantrum. In order not to feel embaressed herself in public, she gave what lisa wants as she thinks that by giving what Lisa’s desire will solve the problems.

3. Not a good way because she will get used to it if it is done frequently and will cause her to be demanding as grow up.

4. She can distract the child. For example, she can change the environment by taking the child out so that the child is distracted. She can also ignore the tantrum as if the child is tired and bored, they will eventually stop their tantrum.