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Around 20 English councils have rules banning new fast food shops from opening within 400m or 800m of schools. Brighton is not among them, having decided against imposing restrictions after conducting research into secondary pupils’ eating habits in 2011. Instead, the council has focused its efforts on education initiatives and work with food outlets.

Rustin, S. (2017, 01 Dec). Fast food nation: Do more takeaways near schools affect younger.. The Guardian Retrieved fromhttps://sks.sirs.com

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On one side of the equation, our food supply is dominated by energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods that are available 24 hours a day. In the US alone, companies spend $1.79 billion annually to market unhealthy food to children, compared with only $280m on healthy foods. In Canada, over 90 per cent of food and beverage product ads viewed by children and youth online are for unhealthy food products

Kirk, S. F. L. (2017, 05 Nov). Why child obesity rates have soared. The Independent (Online) Retrieved from https://sks.sirs.com

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C.W - The shape of our children is expanding so dramatically school uniform manufacturers have been forced to make outfits as big as size 34 for girls and 7XL for boys.In one shocking case a nine-year-old in Year 4 last year had to get a custom-made uniform measuring 118cm around the hips — almost double the standard 60-70cm for that age group.

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C.W - The shape of our children is expanding so dramatically school uniform manufacturers have been forced to make outfits as big as size 34 for girls and 7XL for boys.In one shocking case a nine-year-old in Year 4 last year had to get a custom-made uniform measuring 118cm around the hips — almost double the standard 60-70cm for that age group.

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Scarr, L. (2018, 21 Jan). Shape of kids to come. Daily Telegraph (Surry Hills) Retrieved from https://sks.sirs.com

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A.S- Compared with children classified as not overweight, obese children were more likely to have reported good/fair/poor health (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.76–2.69), activity restrictions (AOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.10–1.75), internalizing problems (AOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.04–2.45), externalizing problems (AOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.07–1.65), grade repetition (AOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.24–1.99), school problems, and missed school days. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, depression, learning disability, developmental delay, bone/joint/muscle problems, asthma, allergies, headaches, and ear infections were all more common in obese children.

Associations between obesity and comorbid mental health, developmental, and physical health conditions in a nationally representative sample of us children aged 10 to 17

Halfon N., Larson K., Slusser W.

(2013)  Academic Pediatrics,  13  (1) , pp. 6-13.

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C.W - Obese Tweens have low self esteem problems due to comparing them selves to their peers.

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C.W - Obese Tweens have low self esteem problems due to comparing them selves to their peers.

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Obese teens tend to be unhappy with their appearance. They tend to get more negative reactions by their peers.
Obese teen parents say obese kids have more behavior issues
Fraser-Thill, R. (n.d.). Psychological Effects of Childhood Obesity on Tweens. Retrieved March 22, 2018, from https://www.verywellmind.com/psychological-effects-of-childhood-obesity-3288283

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There are still malnourished kids today. But in recent decades the malnourishment problem has been eclipsed by an opposite one: fat kids. Kids who eat too much and don't exercise enough. Kids, in short, who are sadly obedient to the commercial messages that besiege them, literally, from morning till night.

The rise of childhood obesity in America is part of a larger story: how corporations have laid claim to children's imagination and play--to childhood itself. In the process of redefining children as "consumers," as the open maws at the end of a giant marketing machine, corporations have redefined as well the nature of childhood disease. Increasingly, our children suffer not from the results of infection or lack, but from the role the commercial culture has assigned them--from occupational illness, one might say.

Of these occupational illnesses of childhood, obesity is probably the greatest. Certainly it is the most apparent, as a visit to just about any elementary school or mall will confirm. Depending on how you measure it, between 15 and 24 percent of American children are overweight--a threefold increase since the early 1970s.⁴

Ruskin, G. (2003, The fast food trap. Mothering no.121, , 34-44. Retrieved from https://sks.sirs.com

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Obesity leads to increased risk for various chronic diseases leading to reduced life expectancy and quality of life, but it’s less clear to what extent childhood obesity affects mental health.

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These short-term risks, for orthopedic, neurological, pulmonary, gasteroenterological, and endocrine conditions, although largely limited to severely overweight children, are becoming more common as the prevalence of severe overweight rises. Also intermediate consequences, such as the development of cardiovascular risk factors and persistence of obesity into adulthood. These mid-range effects of early obesity presage later adult disease and premature mortality. In the final section, the small body of research on the long-term morbidity and mortality associated with childhood obesity is reviewed. These studies suggest that risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality is elevated among those who were overweight during childhood. The high prevalence and dramatic secular trend toward increasing childhood obesity suggest that without aggressive approaches to prevention and treatment, the attendant health and social consequences will be both substantial and long-lasting.

Must, A., & Strauss, R. (1999, April 01). Risks and consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity. Retrieved March 28, 2018, from https://www.nature.com/articles/0800852

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Almost 1 in 7 children and youth is obese. Rates vary based on sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, socioeconomic status and place of residence. Overall, the rates of excess weight have been relatively stable over the past decade.

Rao, D. P., Kropac, E., Do, M. T., Roberts, K. C., & Jayaraman, G. C. (2016, September). Retrieved March 29, 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5129778/