# data[].attributes.headline
Characteristic of post industrial society chapter 6 pg.133-135  

# data[].attributes.subject
Characteristic of post industrial society chapter 6 pg.133-135  

# data[].attributes.body
De-industrialisation: benefits or moving to find work; makes work procarious

Globalisation pg.138-142
Migration of workers

# data[].attributes.headline
characteristics of post industrial society chapter 6 147

# data[].attributes.subject
characteristics of post industrial society chapter 6 147

# data[].attributes.body
the discipline this new capitalism demands is corrosive of both individual and collective identity in that it forces people to adopt increasingly superficial relationships with others and, as part of that, people are rewarded for moving jobs on a regular basis.

linking to the idea of belonging and more choice leading to emotional isolation within individuals.

# data[].attributes.headline
Characteristics of post industrial society chapter 6 p.g128

# data[].attributes.subject
Characteristics of post industrial society chapter 6 p.g128

# data[].attributes.body
Greater Use of new technology especially information technology
Increased emphasis of 'knowledge'
Need for higher skill and educated workers

# data[].attributes.headline
characteristics of post industrial society

# data[].attributes.subject
characteristics of post industrial society

# data[].attributes.body
pg 146 chapter 6
Bauman believes we have witnessed a shift from a modern to a post-modern society, and that work which used to be a collective experience is now highly individualized

this is relevant in wider society as people lead much more individual lifestyles but with that comes a lack of belonging as you are less certain of how your life will transpire.

# data[].attributes.body
The Managed Heart - Arlie Russell Hochschild.

Pg 9-12

Three separate discourses

Labour: capacity to deal with people rather than things - need for interpersonal skills rather than manufacturing skills.

(Daniel Bell, 1973) “ The fact that individuals now talk to other individuals, rather than interact with a machine, is the fundamental fact about work in the post-industrial society”

Work becomes deskilled and the worker is belittled, no one has inquired into the nature of “people jobs” or identified what it actually is that is required in order to do a “people job”.

Display: Erving Goffman introduces us to the rules of face-to-face interaction. However, Goffman’s work can’t be used to describe why companies insist on flight attendants always smiling or what profit is tied to emotional labour.

Emotion: Most people do jobs that that require some handling of other people’s feelings. There are many examples of this such as a waitress who creates an atmosphere of pleasant dining or hotel receptionist that makes us feel welcome.

special relevance to women as they usually manage their feelings better in their private lives and therefore more women than men have put emotional labour on the market and are more aware of it’s personal costs.

Can be suggested that emotional labour is only relevant to workers living under capitalism however any functioning society will make effective use of it’s member’s emotional labour. For example, emotions are used in the creation of films or in the theatre or even in psycho-therapy.

# data[].attributes.headline
Characteristics of  in post-industrial society chapter 6 pg. 128

# data[].attributes.subject
Characteristics of  in post-industrial society chapter 6 pg. 128

# data[].attributes.body
Shift from manufacturing to service economy e.g manual labour to a service

# data[].attributes.headline
Characteristics of labour in the post-industrial society 

# data[].attributes.subject
Characteristics of labour in the post-industrial society 

# data[].attributes.body
Chapter 6 : Pg. 127

"This kind of society moves away from older forms of industry, such as coal, iron, steel and manufacturing, and instead concentrates on sectors which require a more educated workforce trained to much higher levels"

Due to the post-industrial society, the demand for higher skilled jobs which were increasingly being defined by their use of information technology. The growth of information technology meant that in this post- industrial society there was a emphasis on having those higher skilled workers.

# data[].attributes.body
Ch 12, p 294.
'Women's source of identity might be found via a home life as mother or wife, men's identity has been dominated by male breadwinning'...'threat posed to male identity by unemployment and redundancy'
=Men have an emotional attachment to their labour and places of work as it gives them a sense of purpose and identity. As this meaning declines males loose their emotional attachment to labour and see labour as a means of which they have to do.

# data[].attributes.headline
characteristics of labour in post-industrial society

# data[].attributes.subject
characteristics of labour in post-industrial society

# data[].attributes.body
Ch. 6
pg. 132

"work under Fordism was seen as alienating and degrading. For some work in this new era can potentially be enriching and stimulating"

in the post-industrial society, some lines of work may be seen as more satisfying for the individuals involved

# data[].attributes.headline
Bonus: Characteristics of the sharing economy and how it relates to the post-industrial society

# data[].attributes.subject
Bonus: Characteristics of the sharing economy and how it relates to the post-industrial society

# data[].attributes.body
What is the sharing economy? by Cato Unbound
(Positives):
- The sharing economy is "any marketplace that uses the Internet to connect distributed networks of individuals to share or exchanged otherwise underutilized assets"
- This relates to post-industrial societies because without the Internet we would not be able to provide the platform for individuals to offer services, e.g. Airbnb
- It lowers the cost of services and expands the scope of trade
- "Dead capital" is put to better use

Who's Afriad of the Workers' Revolution? by Jeffrey A. Tucker:
(Negatives):
- Government regulated and government protected monopolies stand to lose their power
- Makes tax avoidance easier, e.g. Airbnb users don't have to pay taxes the hotel industries have to pay
- Individuals can undercut industry e.g. cheaper services available
- It can drive down wages because if the supply outweighs demand prices are lowered due to competition
- The whole system relies on customer reviews
- It's a gamble because it's the equivalent of a zero hour contract

# data[].attributes.body
Ch12, pg. 293.
Employment was seen as a main source of identity, specifically for men. Identification with work is disappearing or becoming more marginal (Bauman 1998). This is due to narratives that people used to construct being made more difficult to maintain because of the speeding up of capitalism.

# data[].attributes.headline
Characteristics of labour in post-industrial society

# data[].attributes.subject
Characteristics of labour in post-industrial society

# data[].attributes.body
Chapter 6. Page 136

''The growth of service sector work has created job opportunities that have been taken up far more by women.''

''One of the key features of post-industrial economies is their increasing feminisation: a substantial growth in women's share of the labour market due to a rise in women's participation and/or a fall in men's.''

Globalization has allowed the world to become more diverse. Changes in society's attitudes-> more women participation
Men may not want to have jobs that they see as 'women's jobs'- service sector

# data[].attributes.headline
characteristics of the post industrial society pg 146 chapter 6

# data[].attributes.subject
characteristics of the post industrial society pg 146 chapter 6

# data[].attributes.body
the rapid introduction of new technology that is abolishing jobs at an ever-quicker rate. Second, the greater impact of global market forces, unrestricted by regulation from the nation-state.

increased machinery reduces the need for manual labour.

fewer workers but increased productivity

# data[].attributes.headline
Characteristics of labour in post-industrial society

# data[].attributes.subject
Characteristics of labour in post-industrial society

# data[].attributes.body
Ch. 6
pg. 130

"Rather than the large core workforces, of Fordist organisations, what was now needed was a smaller core of workers and a so-called periphery of workers doing various tasks"

links with a big change in labour in post-industrial society being the emphasis on workers being much more flexible and not just specialising in one task/skill

# data[].attributes.headline
Characteristics of labour in post-industrial society 

# data[].attributes.subject
Characteristics of labour in post-industrial society 

# data[].attributes.body
Chapter 6 : Pg.128

"it could be interpreted as a positive restructuring of capitalism with the elimination of low skilled tasks that required large numbers or workers"

This shows an argument that even though the West has had a loss of manufacturing employment it wasn't something to be feared. This meant that the concentration on high skilled knowledge work. However this also does not mean those in manufacturing jobs were at a loss, due to the increase in technology they would be able to have a small workforce but still be producing high turn around of products with the advantage of more income.

# data[].attributes.headline
Characteristics on labour in post-industrial society

# data[].attributes.subject
Characteristics on labour in post-industrial society

# data[].attributes.body
Ch. 6
pg. 130

"The idea was to break with the past and the restrictive practices that were seen as part of the British disease - low productivity and low quality"

labour in post-industrial society puts more focus on high productivity as this is better for everyone involved

# data[].attributes.headline
characteristics of the post-industrial society

# data[].attributes.subject
characteristics of the post-industrial society

# data[].attributes.headline
characteristics of labour in post-industrial society

# data[].attributes.subject
characteristics of labour in post-industrial society

# data[].attributes.headline
Bonus: Characteristics of the sharing economy and how it is related to the post-industrial society

# data[].attributes.subject
Bonus: Characteristics of the sharing economy and how it is related to the post-industrial society