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How do enzyme increase the rate of reaction

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How do enzyme increase the rate of reaction

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Most chemical reactions proceed too slowly to products to be useful for cells.  An enzyme reduces the activation energy needed for a biochemical reaction to occur by bringing the substrates together in the correct orientation required for a reaction.  Therefore increasing the frequency of successful collisions and increasing the rate of reaction.

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Enzymes usually only catalyse one type of reaction.  Enzyme names end with the -ase suffix (unless they were named prior to this naming system). Often when enzymes are named, the -ase suffix is added to the substrate name.

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Enzyme is a kind of biological catalysts which are required to speed up metabolic reaction. Enzymes are not used up in a reaction and can be reused.
Most enzymes are proteins so the shape of the enzyme is important to the function of the enzyme. Enzymes are highly specific for a biological reaction and usually only catalyse one reaction or one type of reaction.  The reactant(s) are referred to as substrate(s)

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Because the shape of active site not always fit the molecule so the induced fit will fit the molecules.

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1. Catabolic reaction
- break down large molecules into smaller ones
- exergonic/ exothermic
- release energy
Eg. cellular respiration, burning

2. Anabolic reaction
- build up large molecules from smaller ones
- endergonic/ endothermic
- absorb energy, use energy
Eg. photosynthesis, melting ice

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1. Temperature
The temperature will affect the particle activity(kinetic energy) and cause more or less collision. It will affect the rate of reaction, the enzyme in human  body work best in temperature of 37. And too high temperature will denature the enzyme.

2. pH value
The pH value will also affect the rate of reaction, but it depends on enzyme itself that if it like acidic environment or alkaline environment. And the tolerance range is the favorite pH environment  of enzyme.

3.inhibitor factors

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The active site of the enzyme is the part of the protein that interacts with the substrate.

The primary, secondary, tertiary structure will change the shape of active site.

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The lock and key model will not change the shape of active site. And the molecules will fit the AS and chemical change occurs.