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The Sun's core is the central region where nuclear reactions consume hydrogen to form helium. These reactions release the energy that ultimately leaves the surface as visible light. These reactions are highly sensitive to temperature and density

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In the radiative zone, energy generated by nuclear fusion in the core moves outward as electromagnetic radiation. In other words, the energy is conveyed by photons. The inner parts of the Sun (core and radiative zone) spin differently than the outer layers

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A region of turbulent plasma through which energy is transferred by convection. In the convection zone, hot plasma rises, cools as it nears the surface, and falls to be heated and rise again

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The photosphere is the visible surface of the Sun . Since the Sun is a ball of gas, this is not a solid surface but is actually a layer about 100 km thick

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The chromosphere is an irregular layer above the photosphere where the temperature rises from 6000°C to 20,000°C. At these higher temperatures hydrogen emits light that gives off a reddish color

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Sunspots are temporary phenomena on the Sun's photosphere. They are regions of reduced surface temperature caused by concentrations of magnetic field flux that inhibit convection. Sunspots usually appear in pairs of opposite magnetic polarity.

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A corona is an aura of plasma that surrounds the Sun and other stars. The Sun's corona extends millions of kilometers into outer space and is most easily seen during a total solar eclipse

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A prominence is a large, bright, gaseous feature extending outward from the Sun's surface, often in a loop shape. Their causes are uncertain but probably involve magnetic forces.

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flares occur when a buildup of magnetic energy on the sun is suddenly released. They usually erupt from sunspots

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When charged particles from the sun strike atoms in Earth's atmosphere, they cause electrons in the atoms to move to a higher-energy state. When the electrons drop back to a lower energy state, they release a photon: light. This process creates the beautiful aurora