# data[].attributes.body
slab pull and ridge push are the dominant forces

# data[].attributes.headline
"convective flow in the rocky 2900-kilometer thick mantle in which warm buoyant rock rises and cooler denser material sinks, id the underlying force for plate movement."

# data[].attributes.subject
"convective flow in the rocky 2900-kilometer thick mantle in which warm buoyant rock rises and cooler denser material sinks, id the underlying force for plate movement."

# data[].attributes.body
There is general agreement that the subduction of cold, dense slabs of oceanic lithosphere is a major driving force of plate motion

# data[].attributes.headline
"Convection flow is the underlying driving force for plate movement."

# data[].attributes.subject
"Convection flow is the underlying driving force for plate movement."

# data[].attributes.body
Slab pull and ridge push appear to be the dominant forces

# data[].attributes.headline
Slab pull and Ridge push appear to be the dominant force.

# data[].attributes.subject
Slab pull and Ridge push appear to be the dominant force.

# data[].attributes.headline
Slab pull and Ridge push appear to be the dominant force.

# data[].attributes.subject
Slab pull and Ridge push appear to be the dominant force.

# data[].attributes.body
The flow of the mantle helps plates to move in a certain direction, Slab pull and Ridge push appear to be the dominant force.

# data[].attributes.body
Slab pull causes the colder denser lithosphere to sink like a rock

# data[].attributes.body
“For example, despite its greater average height above the seafloor, spreading reates along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are considerably less than the spreading rates along the less steep East Pacific Rise.”

# data[].attributes.headline
This fact supports the notion that slab pull is a more significant driving force than ridge push

# data[].attributes.subject
This fact supports the notion that slab pull is a more significant driving force than ridge push

# data[].attributes.body
Slab pull causes the colder denser lithosphere to sink like a rock

# data[].attributes.body
Slab pull causes the colder denser lithosphere to sink like a rock

# data[].attributes.body
Slab pull causes the colder denser lithosphere to sink like a rock

# data[].attributes.body
Overall the Ridge Push is more significant because of how it falls down. The Slab pull falls because of a dense cold slab. Because the Ridge Pull is caused by gravity it makes it stronger then the slab pull.

# data[].attributes.headline
Support: Slab pull causes the colder denser lithosphere to sink like a rock

# data[].attributes.subject
Support: Slab pull causes the colder denser lithosphere to sink like a rock

# data[].attributes.body
Fast moving plates subduct more than slow moving ones

# data[].attributes.headline
Ridge push appears to contribute less to plate motion than slab pull.

# data[].attributes.subject
Ridge push appears to contribute less to plate motion than slab pull.

# data[].attributes.headline
Refute - Slab pull and Ridge push appear to be the dominant force.

# data[].attributes.subject
Refute - Slab pull and Ridge push appear to be the dominant force.

# data[].attributes.body
“There is a general agreement that the subduction of cold, dense slabs of oceanic lithosphere is a major driving force of plate motion”.

# data[].attributes.body
Fast moving plates subduct more than slow moving ones

# data[].attributes.body
“However, data gathered from the study of earthquake waves have shown that at least some subduction oceanic slabs penetrate the 660 Kilometer boundary and descend deep into the mantle.”

# data[].attributes.headline
Slabs penetrate the boundary and descend deep into the mantle. Therefore destroying the layer cake model.

# data[].attributes.subject
Slabs penetrate the boundary and descend deep into the mantle. Therefore destroying the layer cake model.

# data[].attributes.body
Upper and lower layers mix together, Would eliminate chemically distinct volcanic rock

# data[].attributes.headline
Support - Slab pull causes the colder denser lithosphere to sink like a rock.

# data[].attributes.subject
Support - Slab pull causes the colder denser lithosphere to sink like a rock.

# data[].attributes.body
The denser lithosphere is pulled beneath due to slab pull

# data[].attributes.body
Slab pull and Ridge push appear to be the dominant force.

# data[].attributes.body
Some subducting oceanic slabs penetrate the boundary and descend deep into the mantle when it should mix with the lithosphere and other layers, therefore destroying the layered structure shown in the model

# data[].attributes.body
Slab pull causes the colder denser lithosphere to sink like a rock.

# data[].attributes.body
"Recent work has predicted that whole-mantle convection would cause the entire mantle to completely mix in a matter of a few hundred million years. This, in turn, would eliminate chemically distinct magma sources- those that are observed in hot-spot volcanism and those associated with volcanic activity along the ocean ridges. This, the whole- mantle model also has shortcomings."

# data[].attributes.body
Slab pull is a more significant driving force because it is the major driving force and ridge force seems to contribute less

# data[].attributes.headline
Refute - For example, despite its greater average height above the seafloor, spreading reates along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are considerably less than the spreading rates along the less steep East Pacific Rise.

# data[].attributes.subject
Refute - For example, despite its greater average height above the seafloor, spreading reates along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are considerably less than the spreading rates along the less steep East Pacific Rise.

# data[].attributes.body
"Ridge push appears to contribute far less to plate motions than slab pull."

# data[].attributes.body
The whole mantle model is a whole picture while the layer cake model is just pictures, so the whole mantle has more evidence.

# data[].attributes.body
The layer cake model just shows the layers of the earth while the whole mantle model shows the layers and the process.

# data[].attributes.body
Slab pull and ridge push are the most driving forces for plate motion.

# data[].attributes.body
Ridge push appears to contribute much less to plate motion than slab force. The primary evidence for this is comparing rates of seafloor spreading along ridge segments having different elevations.

# data[].attributes.body
Data gathered from the study of earthquake waves have shown that at least some subducting oceanic slabs penetrate the 660 km boundary and descend deep into the mantle

# data[].attributes.body
The who crust will eventually mix given time.

# data[].attributes.body
Ridge pull contributes far less to plate motion compared to slab pull

# data[].attributes.body
Slab pull and Ridge push appear to be the dominant force. However, the convective flow has a force too. (when the flow of the asthenosphere is moving at an increasing faster velocity than the crust)

# data[].attributes.body
Ridge push force isn’t as effective because it doesn’t have the same plate notion as Slab. The spreading rates in the Mid-Atlantic are considerably less than the East Pacific Rise.

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Many scientists predict that the whole mantle convention would completely mix the matter of a few hundred million years which would eliminate chemically distinct magma sources.

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Slab pull causes the colder denser lithosphere to sink like a rock

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The mantle convention attributes  to compositional variations in the mantle 

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The mantle convention attributes  to compositional variations in the mantle 

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The “layer cake model” is an older model that was created to show basic framework, and misses important things that “whole mantle model” does not.

# data[].attributes.body
Ridge push contributes far less to plate motion than slab pull. Comparing rates of seafloor spreading along ridge segments that have different elevations show direct evidence.

# data[].attributes.body
Slab pull causes the colder denser lithosphere to sink like a rock

# data[].attributes.body
Slab pull and Ridge push appear to be the dominant force.

# data[].attributes.body
Ridge push contributes far less than Slab pull but is still significant.

# data[].attributes.body
“Ridge push appears to contribute far less to plate motions than slab pull.”

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Despite its usefulness in explaining many of the large-scale geologic processes operating on Earth, plate tectonics is not completely undertsood.

# data[].attributes.body
Despite its usefulness in explaining many of the large-scale geologic processes operating on Earth, plate tectonics is not completely undertsood.

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It must be, as Oceanic crust sinks into the asthenosphere.

# data[].attributes.body
Ridge push and slab pulls are major factors in plate motions.

# data[].attributes.headline
Support - “However, data gathered from the study of earthquake waves have shown that at least some subduction oceanic slabs penetrate the 660 Kilometer boundary and descend deep into the mantle.”

# data[].attributes.subject
Support - “However, data gathered from the study of earthquake waves have shown that at least some subduction oceanic slabs penetrate the 660 Kilometer boundary and descend deep into the mantle.”

# data[].attributes.headline
Thermal convection, as well as slab pull and ridge push, are the main factors in tectonic plate movement.

# data[].attributes.subject
Thermal convection, as well as slab pull and ridge push, are the main factors in tectonic plate movement.

# data[].attributes.body
"Ridge push appears to contribute far less to plate motions than slab pull"

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Ocean Lithosphere is less dense than upper asthenosphere for a few million years