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the absolute location of a place describes its exact position on Earth. Canberra, the capital of Australia, is located at 35°S latitude and 149°E longitude.  the relative location of a place describes where it is in relation to other places. Relative location can affect a country's history and way of life in unexpected ways.

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he plants and animals that so surprised Banks are Australia's native species. These are species that are naturally found in an area. About 80 percent of the continent's plants and animals are found nowhere else on Earth. In the 1800s, Australia became a colony of Britain. The colonists brought animals and plants from their homelands to Australia. These introduced plants and animals are called exotic species. Many had few or no natural enemies in Australia. As a result, their populations grew quickly.

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In 1770 a British sea captain named James Cook discovered Australia while exploring the South Pacific. He claimed the land for Britain. At that time, however, Britain was having trouble with its American colonies. Nothing was done with Australia until after the Americans won their independence in 1783.

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The “white Australia” policy ended in the 1970s. The country then opened its doors to immigrants from anywhere in the world. By 2008, more than 21 million people lived in Australia. About one of every four was born in another country.

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There are more than 13 million living species of plants and animals. About one million are found in Australia. Many of these are found nowhere else on Earth. Australia was separated from the rest of the continents a very long time ago. Its plants and animals were isolated. They developed without contact with other species elsewhere.

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Scientists divide Earth's atmosphere into layers. The lowest layer contains the air we breathe. The next layer begins about six miles above Earth. It contains a gas called ozone. You cannot see ozone. But without it, there would be no life on Earth.Ozone keeps ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun from reaching Earth. UV rays are harmful to living things. In humans, they cause sunburn, eye disease, and skin cancer. In 1985, scientists discovered that the ozone over Antarctica was thinning. They called this thin patch an ozone hole. At times, part of this ozone hole has moved north over nearby Australia.

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What Ever Happened To The Hole In The Ozone Layer?

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Australians are celebrating the New Year. Bondi Beach, near Sydney is packed with families under beach umbrellas. The sky is a clear blue. Temperatures hover at 98°.Surfers wait for the next big wave, while children make sandcastles on the beach. In the evening, families will picnic around Sydney Harbor while waiting for one of the world's great fireworks shows.