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China's first civilization began in the valley around the Huang He River. Huang He means "yellow river." The river carries large amounts of rich, yellow soil known as loess downstream.

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India's first civilization began in the valley around the Indus River. The Indus Valley civilization is called the "cradle of ancient India."

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From the Greek, meaning "between two rivers." It began on the plain between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The area is known as the "fertile crescent" and the "cradle of civilization." It is the earliest known civilization.

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Four civilizations developed about 3000 B.C. in the river valleys of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China. The fertile land made it easy to grow crops to feed large amounts of people. Early civilizations developed cities, governments, and religions; organized social classes; and invented ways of writing.

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Two civilizations developed along the Nile River in northeastern Africa. Egypt developed in the northern part of the Nile River valley and Kush began in the southern part.