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Thesis of the 1920s impact and influence on society

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Thesis of the 1920s impact and influence on society

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The following topics that will be covered in these slides are about corruption in politics and the ratification of the 19th amendment. Ideas and innovations that contributed heavily to society in small or huge ways. How cultures influenced music and about the Harlem renaissance. To add on how the economy flourished and prospered in the 1920s.

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Teapot Dome Scandal- the scandal took place from 1921-1923

- This scandal made average everyday Americans realize how much corruption was in the government including oil tycoons, poker-playing politicians, illegal liquor-sales by the government and the president

- The impact this had led to the first U.S. cabinet official to serve jail time, and made the citizens and upcoming politicians try and rid of the corruption

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Introduction

The Teapot Dome Scandal of the 1920s shocked Americans by revealing an unprecedented level of greed and corruption within the federal government. The scandal involved ornery oil tycoons, poker-playing politicians, illegal liquor sales, a murder-suicide, a womanizing president and a bagful of bribery cash delivered on the sly. In the end, the scandal would empower the Senate to conduct rigorous investigations into government corruption. It also marked the first time a U.S. cabinet official served jail time for a felony committed while in office.

Teapot Dome: For Emergency Use Only

The oil reserves at Teapot Dome and in California had been set aside at the request of the U.S. Navy, which had been converting coal-fueled ships into oil-powered vessels since 1909.

As more ships were converted to run on oil, Navy officials wanted to ensure there would be enough oil at hand in the event of a war or other emergency. Under President William Howard Taft, Congress began to set aside federal lands believed to contain oil as emergency reserves.

In 1920, Warren G. Harding, a senator and Ohio newspaper publisher, won a long-shot bid for the White House with the financial backing of oilmen who were promised oil-friendly cabinet picks in return. As Laton McCartney wrote in his book The Teapot Dome Scandal, How Big Oil Bought the Harding White House and Tried to Steal the Country, the back-slapping Harding was a consummate "go along to get along man."

Albert Fall

Despite making backroom deals with oil interests, Harding-a notorious womanizer who fathered a child with at least one of his mistresses-campaigned on a platform of balancing the interests of conservation and development. There was much debate at the time between the merits of conserving natural resources and permitting industry to tap into the nation's wealth.

But once Harding appointed Senator Albert Fall from New Mexico as Secretary of the Interior in 1921, it was clear Harding would tip the scales in favor of development.

Fall was a politically powerful senator, rancher, lawyer and miner who, like Harding, enjoyed a game of poker with a glass of whiskey- Prohibition notwithstanding. Fall soon convinced Harding to transfer oversight of the petroleum reserves from the Navy to his Interior Department.

After the transfer of the oil-rich land holdings was complete, Fall started secret negotiations with two of his wealthy friends in the oil industry.

In 1922-with no competitive bidding or any public announcement-Fall leased exclusive drilling rights to the entire Teapot Dome site to the Mammoth Oil Company, owned by longtime friend Harry Sinclair. Fall also leased the two reserves in California to the Pan-American Petroleum Company, owned by Edward Doheny, another old friend of Fall's.

Oil Barons Hit a Gusher

Combined, the three sites were estimated to contain hundreds of millions of dollars worth of high-grade oil. In return, the oilmen were to fulfill only minor obligations to the federal government, such as constructing an oil storage facility at the naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and building a pipeline from Wyoming to Kansas City.

By April 1922, rumors of a shady deal began swirling after local Wyoming oilmen noticed trucks with the Sinclair logo hauling oilfield equipment up to Teapot Dome. The Wall Street Journal broke the news about the deal in an April 14, 1922, article.

The very next day, Wyoming Democratic Senator John Kendrick introduced a resolution to open a Senate investigation into the dealings, and one of the most significant criminal probes in Senate history was set in motion.

Paying Off the Press

At the same time, Fall was contending with another oilman and Harding supporter, Col. James G. Darden, who claimed he had first dibs on the Teapot Dome site before Fall leased it to Sinclair.

In a desperate move, Fall convinced a reluctant President Harding to dispatch the U.S. Marines to halt Darden's efforts to drill at the site. When the publishers of the Denver Post got whiff of the confrontation, they publicized the incident and used threats of further withering editorials about Teapot Dome to blackmail Sinclair into paying $1 million to them and another oilman who also felt cheated by the Teapot Dome lease.

President Harding, wary of more bad press, may also have played a part in pressuring Sinclair to pay off the Denver Post publishers and the oilman.

The Ohio Gang

By January 1923-less than two years after taking office-Fall stepped down as Interior Secretary to enjoy time on his newly purchased ranch in New Mexico, as well as take part in lucrative oil deals in Russia and Mexico for both Doheny and Sinclair. But the Senate investigations into Teapot Dome continued.

President Harding, at the time, was apparently feeling the weight of anxiety around Fall's possible corruption. Other members of Harding's cabinet, which had become known as the "Ohio Gang" for their Ohio roots and scandalous dealings, were facing numerous accusations of corruption, including influence peddling and selling permits for confiscated liquor from government warehouses.

At one point, Harding complained to newspaper editor William Allen White, "I have no trouble with my enemies. I can take care of my enemies all right. But my damn friends, my god-damned friends, White, they're the ones who keep me walking the floor nights!"

'A Great Scandal'

In June 1923, Harding set off on a cross-country tour that included a first presidential visit to the state of Alaska. While on the four-day boat voyage to Alaska, an ill-at-ease Harding asked Commerce Secretary and future President Herbert Hoover, "If you knew of a great scandal in our administration, would you for the good of the country and the party expose it publicly or would you bury it?"

Hoover said he advised the president to expose it, but Harding declined, fearing political repercussions. Harding himself had personally approved Fall's plan to lease the oil reserves (although he may not have paid much attention to what he approved).

Harding may also have benefitted from the dealings: Just before Harding departed on his cross-country trip, Harding accepted a suspiciously high offer to buy the Marion Star, Harding's hometown newspaper, in a deal that some believed was orchestrated by Sinclair.

Harding and his wife also told friends about a year-long, all-expenses-paid cruise around the world they planned to take, along with some 50 of their friends, once Harding's four-year term was over. That cruise had likely been promised by Sinclair and was to take place on Sinclair's luxury yacht.

But Harding and his wife would never take advantage of their new windfall nor enjoy an elaborate, post-presidency cruise. Upon returning from the Alaskan cruise, Harding began suffering from cramps and shortness of breath. On August 2, 1923, Harding died at age 57 in San Francisco's Palace Hotel.

The cause of death was listed as a stroke, but some doctors suggested a heart attack was the more likely cause.

A Black Bag of Cash

Under the new leadership of President Calvin Coolidge, two special prosecutors, one Democrat and one Republican, were appointed to take over the Senate investigation into Fall's oil deals.

Soon the investigation would reveal that Fall had received a $100,000 interest-free "loan" from oilman Doheny to purchase land for his New Mexico ranch. As Doheny admitted in a statement to the Senate, Doheny had arranged for his son, Ned Doheny, to deliver the cash-arranged in five $20,000 stacks in a black parcel bag-directly to Fall, accompanied by Ned's friend, Hugh Plunkett.

In similarly suspicious dealings, investigations would show that Sinclair delivered a large herd of livestock to Fall's ranch, and had his company transfer some $300,000 in Liberty bonds and cash to Fall's son-in-law. While these were enormous sums in the 1920s, the amounts paled in comparison to the hundred of millions of dollars the oilmen would profit from the oil leases in Wyoming and California.

In his testimony to the Senate, Fall claimed that he had chosen to keep the lease agreements secret to protect the locations of valuable national resources, and to prevent oilmen from surreptitiously draining the federal sites via adjacent production operations.

Senate investigators, however, would have none of it. In the fall of 1929, Fall was convicted of accepting a bribe from Doheny and was fined $100,000 and sentenced to one year in prison.

Greystone Murder-Suicide

Doheny was acquitted of offering the bribe, since both he and Fall had claimed the amount was simply a loan. But Doheny had little reason to celebrate.

Before the rulings came down, Doheny's son, Ned, was murdered in February 1929 in the family's luxurious new Beverly Hills mansion, Greystone. An investigation concluded that the killer was his longtime friend Hugh Plunkett, who then killed himself. It's believed Plunkett grew fearful that authorities would charge him and Ned Doheny for their role in delivering the black bag of cash to Fall.

Sinclair, meanwhile, refused to answer some of the Senate team's questions, claiming that Congress had no right to probe his private affairs. That refusal was challenged and eventually reached the Supreme Court.

In the 1929 Sinclair vs. United States ruling, the court said that Congress did have the power to fully investigate cases where the country's laws may have been violated. Sinclair would later serve six months in prison for contempt of Congress and jury tampering.

The fine against Fall was eventually waived since by the time he was fined he had lost his wealth, and Doheny had foreclosed on Fall's New Mexico ranch. Fall ended up serving nine months in jail before being released due to failing health. He died in 1944 after a long illness.

Teapot Dome Finally Sold-Legally

As for the oil reserves in Wyoming and California, the Supreme Court voided the suspicious oil leases in 1927 and production was halted at Teapot Dome and the California sites.

Under newly established protocol between the federal government and the oil industry, oil was eventually tapped at Elk Hills to support U.S. efforts during World War II. All naval oil reserves were then tapped to full production during the Energy Crisis of the 1970s.

In 1995, under President Bill Clinton, Congress authorized the sale of the Elk Hills site to the highest bidder in a broader effort to shift some federal roles to private industry. By 1998, Occidental Petroleum Company had taken over oil production at the site.

And in January 2015, the U.S. Department of Energy sold the infamous Teapot Dome reserve-this time, on the level-following a competitive bidding process. After producing 22 million barrels of oil and making $569 million for the U.S. government, Teapot Dome was sold to the Stranded Oil Resources Corporation, a unit of the Alleghany Corporation, for $45.2 million.

Sources

The Teapot Dome Scandal, How Big Oil Bought the Harding White House and Tried to Steal the Country by Laton McCartney, published by Random House, 2008.
President Harding dies in San Francisco, Aug. 2, 1923, Politico.
The Naval Petroleum Reserves, U.S. Department of Energy.
Senate Investigates the "Teapot Dome" Scandal, U.S. Senate Stories.
The Teapot Dome Scandal, by Phil Roberts, WyoHistory.org.
The 'Strange Death' of Warren G. Harding, PBS Newshour.
Graft and Oil: How Teapot Dome Became the Greatest Political Scandal of Its Time, by Robert W. Cherny, History Now, The Journal of the Gilder Lehrman Institute.
Ohio Gang, Ohio History Connection.
Let's Try That Again: Selling the Teapot Dome Oil Field, Energy.gov.
Sinclair Consolidated in Big Oil Deal with U.S. Wall Street Journal.
Bought Off by Big Oil. U.S. News and World Report.
DNA Is Said to Solve a Mystery of Warren Harding's Love Life. The New York Times.

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Teapot Dome Scandal - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com

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The Teapot Dome Scandal of the 1920s shocked Americans by revealing an unprecedented level of greed and corruption within the federal government. The scandal involved ornery oil tycoons, poker-playing politicians, illegal liquor sales, a murder-suicide, a womanizing president and a bagful of bribery cash delivered on the sly.

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The 19th amendment - this amendment was ratified on August 18, 1920

- The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote politically for the United States locally and for people representing our nation like the president or senators etc.

- This would create a huge influence for increase in voters and poll changes with more votes for republicans or democrats impact our society by women being able to vote

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The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted American women the right to vote, a right known as women's suffrage, and was ratified on August 18, 1920, ending almost a century of protest. In 1848 the movement for women's rights launched on a national level with the Seneca Falls Convention organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. Following the convention, the demand for the vote became a centerpiece of the women's rights movement. Stanton and Mott, along with Susan B. Anthony and other activists, raised public awareness and lobbied the government to grant voting rights to women. After a lengthy battle, these groups finally emerged victorious with the passage of the 19th Amendment.

Women's Suffrage

During America's early history, women were denied some of the basic rights enjoyed by male citizens.

For example, married women couldn't own property and had no legal claim to any money they might earn, and no female had the right to vote. Women were expected to focus on housework and motherhood, not politics.

The campaign for women's suffrage was a small but growing movement in the decades before the Civil War. Starting in the 1820s, various reform groups proliferated across the U.S.-temperance leagues, the abolitionist movement, religious groups-and in a number of these, women played a prominent role.

Meanwhile, many American women were resisting the notion that the ideal woman was a pious, submissive wife and mother concerned exclusively with home and family. Combined, these factors contributed to a new way of thinking about what it meant to be a woman and a citizen in the United States.

Seneca Falls Convention

It was not until 1848 that the movement for women's rights began to organize at the national level.

In July of that year, reformers Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott organized the first women's rights convention at Seneca Falls, New York (where Stanton lived). More than 300 people-mostly women, but also some men-attended, including former African-American slave and activist Frederick Douglass.

In addition to their belief that women should be afforded better opportunities for education and employment, most of the delegates at the Seneca Falls Convention agreed that American women were autonomous individuals who deserved their own political identities.

Declaration of Sentiments

A group of delegates led by Stanton produced a "Declaration of Sentiments" document, modeled after the Declaration of Independence, which stated: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

What this meant, among other things, was that the delegates believed women should have the right to vote.

Following the convention, the idea of voting rights for women was mocked in the press and some delegates withdrew their support for the Declaration of Sentiments. Nonetheless, Stanton and Mott persisted-they went on to spearhead additional women's rights conferences and they were eventually joined in their advocacy work by Susan B. Anthony and other activists.

National Suffrage Groups Established

With the onset of the Civil War, the suffrage movement lost some momentum, as many women turned their attention to assisting in efforts related to the conflict between the states.

After the war, women's suffrage endured another setback, when the women's rights movement found itself divided over the issue of voting rights for black men. Stanton and some other suffrage leaders objected to the proposed 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which would give black men the right to vote, but failed to extend the same privilege to American women of any skin color.

In 1869, Stanton and Anthony formed the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) with their eyes on a federal constitutional amendment that would grant women the right to vote.

That same year, abolitionists Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell founded the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA); the group's leaders supported the 15th Amendment and feared it would not pass if it included voting rights for women. (The 15th Amendment was ratified in 1870.)

The AWSA believed women's enfranchisement could best be gained through amendments to individual state constitutions. Despite the divisions between the two organizations, there was a victory for voting rights in 1869 when the Wyoming Territory granted all female residents age 21 and older the right to vote. (When Wyoming was admitted to the Union in 1890, women's suffrage remained part of the state constitution.)

By 1878, the NWSA and the collective suffrage movement had gathered enough influence to lobby the U.S. Congress for a constitutional amendment. Congress responded by forming committees in the House of Representatives and the Senate to study and debate the issue. However, when the proposal finally reached the Senate floor in 1886, it was defeated.

Carrie Chapman Catt

In 1890, the NWSA and the AWSA merged to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). The new organization's strategy was to lobby for women's voting rights on a state-by-state basis. Within six years, Colorado, Utah and Idaho adopted amendments to their state constitutions granting women the right to vote. In 1900, with Stanton and Anthony advancing in age, Carrie Chapman Catt stepped up to lead the NASWA.

The turn of the 20th century brought renewed momentum to the women's suffrage cause. Although the deaths of Stanton in 1902 and Anthony in 1906 appeared to be setbacks, the NASWA under the leadership of Catt achieved rolling successes for women's enfranchisement at state levels.

Between 1910 and 1918, the Alaska Territory, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New York, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota and Washington extended voting rights to women.

Also during this time, through the Equality League of Self-Supporting Women (later, the Women's Political Union), Stanton's daughter Harriot Stanton Blatch introduced parades, pickets and marches as means of calling attention to the cause. These tactics succeeded in raising awareness and led to unrest in Washington, D.C.

Did you know? Wyoming, the first state to grant voting rights to women, was also the first state to elect a female governor. Nellie Tayloe Ross (1876-1977) was elected governor of the Equality State-Wyoming's official nickname-in 1924. And from 1933 to 1953, she served as the first woman director of the U.S. Mint.

Protest and Progress

On the eve of the inauguration of President Woodrow Wilson in 1913, protesters thronged a massive suffrage parade in the nation's capital, and hundreds of women were injured. That same year, Alice Paul founded the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, which later became the National Woman's Party.

The organization staged numerous demonstrations and regularly picketed the White House, among other militant tactics. As a result of these actions, some group members were arrested and served jail time.

In 1918, President Wilson switched his stand on women's voting rights from objection to support through the influence of Catt, who had a less-combative style than Paul. Wilson also tied the proposed suffrage amendment to America's involvement in World War I and the increased role women had played in the war efforts.

When the amendment came up for vote, Wilson addressed the Senate in favor of suffrage. As reported in The New York Times on October 1, 1918, Wilson said, "I regard the extension of suffrage to women as vitally essential to the successful prosecution of the great war of humanity in which we are engaged."

However, despite Wilson's newfound support, the amendment proposal failed in the Senate by two votes. Another year passed before Congress took up the measure again.

The Final Struggle

On May 21, 1919, U.S. Representative James R. Mann, a Republican from Illinois and chairman of the Suffrage Committee, proposed the House resolution to approve the Susan Anthony Amendment granting women the right to vote. The measure passed the House 304 to 89-a full 42 votes above the required two-thirds majority.

Two weeks later, on June 4, 1919, the U.S. Senate passed the 19th Amendment by two votes over its two-thirds required majority, 56-25. The amendment was then sent to the states for ratification.

Within six days of the ratification cycle, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin each ratified the amendment. Kansas, New York and Ohio followed on June 16, 1919. By March of the following year, a total of 35 states had approved the amendment, one state shy of the two-thirds required for ratification.

Southern states were adamantly opposed to the amendment, however, and seven of them- Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, South Carolina and Virginia-had already rejected it before Tennessee's vote on August 18, 1920. It was up to Tennessee to tip the scale for woman suffrage.

The outlook appeared bleak, given the outcomes in other Southern states and given the position of Tennessee's state legislators in their 48-48 tie. The state's decision came down to 23-year-old Representative Harry T. Burn, a Republican from McMinn County, to cast the deciding vote.

Although Burn opposed the amendment, his mother convinced him to approve it. Mrs. Burn reportedly wrote to her son: "Don't forget to be a good boy and help Mrs. Catt put the 'rat' in ratification."

With Burn's vote, the 19th Amendment was fully ratified.

When Did Women Get the Right to Vote?

On August 26, 1920, the 19th Amendment was certified by U.S. Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby, and women finally achieved the long-sought right to vote throughout the United States.

On November 2 of that same year, more than 8 million women across the U.S. voted in elections for the first time.

It took over 60 years for the remaining 12 states to ratify the 19th Amendment. Mississippi was the last to do so, on March 22, 1984.

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The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted American women the right to vote, a right known as women's suffrage, and was ratified on August 18, 1920, ending almost a century of protest. In 1848 the movement for women's rights launched on a national level with the Seneca Falls Convention organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott.

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Sports- Sports became very popular in the 1920s. This helped our culture in America by being influenced and merging and melting together, because it helped people converse and hold conversations about the latest sports leauges and teams

- Baseball became a very popular sport especially during the time of Babe Ruth in the 20's which is arguably the best baseball player to ever live.

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The 1920's was a great shift in American culture. From advertising, movies and film production, automobiles and planes, radios and new music, and shifts in the lives of Americans. The 1920's was the...

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The Harlem Renaissance - This was African American Art, Music, Literature, and poetry centered in New York City also throughout the 1920's which African Americans widely dominated this industry with their culture

- A very important person who influenced and took part in this industry was Duke Ellington who preformed at the Cotton Club. Duke to this day is and was one of the most influential Jazz musicians of all time changing jazz music for everyone.

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Jazz, flappers, and the Lost Generation.

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Jazz Music- this music style was very popular in the 20s that influenced our culture by spreading diversity in music and in people by helping people make names for themselves without being labled by race

- People would attend Venues, Nightclubs, and concert to have a good time and kick back and enjoy themselves

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Jazz, flappers, and the Lost Generation.

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- Economic Boom of the 1920's - financial prosperity in the decade throughout the 1920s due too high stock rates and growth

- Contributions of the this growth in prosperity was low unemployment rate

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Economic Boom 1920s Facts for kids: Fast Fact Sheet
Fast, fun facts and Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's) about the Economic Boom in America during the 1920s.

What is a Boom? A boom is a time of financial prosperity, stock growth and rapid progress. A Boom is often followed by a Bust indicated by a fall in production and an increase in unemployment.

What caused the Economic Boom of the 1920s?
The causes of the Economic Boom of the 1920s were the Republican government's policies of Isolationism and Protectionism, the Mellon Plan, the Assembly line and the mass production of consumer goods such as the Ford Model T Automobile and luxury labor saving devices and access to easy credit on installment plans.

American Economic Boom 1920s Facts for kids The following fact sheet contains interesting facts and information on the American Economic Boom in the 1920s for kids.

Facts about the Economic Boom 1920s for kids

Economic Boom 1920s Fact 3: After an initial recession in 1919, middle class Americans moved to a period of prosperity. Between 1921 - 1924 the nation's gross national product (GNP) jumped 40% from $69 billion to $93 billion and wages rose by an average of 22% per person.

Access to electricity provided Americans with the power required to run new labor-saving luxury, devices such as radios, phonographs, electric razors and irons, refrigerators, washing machines and vacuum cleaners. Refer to Economic Boom 1920s Fact 7: Inventions in the 1920's and Industrial Revolution Inventions

The factory system and the efficiencies of the Economic Boom 1920s Fact 8: Assembly Line were introduced by entrepreneurs and industrialists such as Henry Ford.

The Economic Boom 1920s Fact 10: Ford Model T automobiles, mass-produced on moving assembly lines, increased production and reduced costs and by 1924 a new Ford Model T could be purchased for just $260.

Economic Boom 1920s Fact 11: Many ordinary Americans, who were once "prudent and thrifty", were able to purchase cars and other luxury goods on easy consumer credit, paying some money down at first, followed by 1 -5 years of monthly payments. The new philosophy of the economic boom was "Live now, Pay later". Refer to Buying by Margin and The Long Bull Market

Facts about the Economic Boom 1920s for kids

Facts about the Economic Boom 1920s for kids The following fact sheet continues with facts about Economic Boom 1920s for kids.

Facts about Economic Boom 1920s for kids

Advances in Technology led to a boom in the chemicals and movie industries. Refer to Economic Boom 1920s Fact 13: Hollywood in the 1920s

The movie stars contributed to the economic boom in other ways. The Movie stars were idolized and their fans were eager to follow the new fashions that were advertised via newspapers and magazines. The 1920's saw the emergence of the youth culture and the age of the Economic Boom 1920s Fact 15: Flappers. Young women were influenced, and wanted to imitate, the glamorous clothes, fashion and styles of movie stars. Refer to 1920's Fashion for Women

The Economic Boom 1920s Fact 18: Radio Industry: Annual sales of radio equipment sky-rocketed from $12.2 million in 1921 to $842.5 million in 1929. The latest Jazz music and other types of popular music of the Jazz Age was played on the radio, leading to the booming sales of gramophones and records. By the end of the 1920s there were over 100 million radios in use in America - all selling advertising time.

The Radio Industry made a massive contribution to the rise in Advertising, which became big business in the late 1920's and fueled Economic Boom 1920s Fact 19: Consumerism in America. In the 1928 election campaign radio networks sold more than $1 million in advertising time to the Democratic and Republican Parties.

The Republican backed Economic Boom 1920s Fact 22: Mellon Plan resulted in the Revenue Act of 1924 that cut federal tax rates. In 1920 the majority of tax payers paid 4% federal income tax and wealthy Americans paid 73% income tax. By 1928 the majority of tax payers were paying ½% income tax and rich Americans had their income tax reduced to 73%

Economic Boom 1920s Fact 24: Isolationism: The Republican governments of the 1920's also adopted the policy of Isolationism which avoided foreign entanglements and limited foreign competition by imposing high import tariffs (taxes).

Economic Boom 1920s Fact 28: The excess of the 1920's and the confidence inspired by the Economic Boom ended abruptly with the 1929 Wall Street Crash . Share prices began to fall and $30 billion was lost in just 2 days.

Economic Boom 1920s Fact 30: The Stock Market crash led to the ruin of many Americans and was followed by the Great Depression . The Great Depression witnessed the end of the Economic Boom in the 1920's and the 'Bust' of the 1930's

Facts about Economic Boom 1920s for kids

Facts about Economic Boom in the 1920s for kids: The Negatives of the Economic Boom
Not everyone in America prospered during the Economic Boom and 60% of Americans were under the poverty line.

The Negatives of the Economic Boom

Black Americans: African Americans suffered from racism and were unable to obtain high paying jobs
Immigrants: Immigrants suffered due to Nativism (prejudice against immigrants)
Farmers: American farmers suffered due to over-production that resulted in low prices

Facts about Economic Boom in the 1920s: Reasons for the Economic Bust - The Boom and Bust Cycle
An economic Boom is often followed by an Economic Bust indicated by a fall in production and an increase in unemployment, called a Boom and Bust Cycle. A boom and bust cycle is an economy characterized by a period of economic growth with an increase in its production and GDP followed by a period of economic contraction with a fall in production and an increase in unemployment. The reasons for the Economic Bust are detailed as follows:

Reasons for the Economic B ust

1929 Stock Market Crash: A sudden fall in prices and a loss of confidence led to the 1929 Stock Market Crash. People had over-speculated and many had borrowed money to buy shares. Refer to The Long Bull Market

Over-production in industry: Overproduction in industry resulted in supply exceeding demand with a vast amount of unsold goods.

Over-production in farming: Mechanization in agriculture led to abundance of crops and falling prices, made worse by the falling demand from Europe

Trade and Commerce: European countries had imposed a tax on American goods making them too expensive to buy in Europe

Property prices: Many houses were worth less money than what had been paid for them.

Consumer Credit: The "Live now, Pay later" led to massive financial difficulties as people were unable to pay their debts.

Bank Closures: The Small banks in America did not have the financial resources to meet the rush for money when the Wall Street Crash happened. This led to bank closures leaving thousands of American without money.

Reasons for the Economic B ust for kids

Facts about Economic Boom in the 1920s for kids
For visitors interested in the history of the 1920's Economic Boom refer to the following articles:

Economic Boom 1920s
The article on the Economic Boom in the 1920s provides detailed facts and a summary of the most important events and dates in the history of the United States - a crash course in American History. The following video will give you additional important facts, history and dates about the personal and political lives of all the US Presidents.

Economic Boom of the 1920s

● Interesting Facts about Economic Boom of the 1920s for kids
● Key events and Economic Boom of the 1920s for kids
● The Economic Boom 1920s, a major event in US history
● Economic Boom and the Consumer Society
● Fast, fun facts about the Economic Boom of the 1920s
● Domestic policies and the Economic Boom of the 1920s
● Woodrow Wilson Presidency and Economic Boom of the 1920s for schools, homework, kids and children

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Find a summary, definition and facts about the Economic Boom of the 1920s for kids. The Consumer Society, Automobiles, Easy Credit and the Economic Boom of the 1920s. Information about the Economic Boom of the 1920s for kids, children, homework and schools.

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The Roaring 20's - This era took place all the way throughout the 1920's it was considered one of the most prosperous times in America after WW1, because Americas society went from wartime to peacetime which helped with production and ideas. Due to American citizens only having to worry about just what was going on in the Nation.

- The Roaring 20s helped form new ideas and technologies to bring about in American society for example: Automobiles, new household appliances like the toaster, the electric shaver, and radios, and other items in mass-production.

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The Roaring Economy of the 1920s

The 1920s have been called the Roaring '20s and for good reason. Not only was American culture 'roaring' in terms of style and social trends, but the economy was 'roaring' as well. The decade was a time of tremendous prosperity. Following the end of World War I, the industrial might of the United States was unleashed for domestic, peaceful purposes. Within a few short years, an economic shift took place as the economy transitioned from wartime production to peacetime production. New technologies like the automobile, household appliances, and other mass-produced products led to a vibrant consumer culture, stimulating economic growth. Furthermore, under the administration of three consecutive Republican presidents, the government adopted fiscally conservative policies that fueled private business.

Consumerism in the 1920s

Consumerism can be thought of as the culture surrounding the buying and selling of products. Consumerism came into its own throughout the 1920s as a result of mass production, new products on the market, and improved advertising techniques. With more leisure time available and money to spend, Americans were eager to own the latest items. Advertisers used this to their advantage, often stressing luxury and convenience. Through mediums like radio and print advertisements, consumer culture was more visible than ever before.

Sears, Roebuck & Co., a company founded in 1893, regularly issued a mail-order catalog. By the 1920s, the catalog, nicknamed the consumer's bible, had become enormously popular. It completely revolutionized how people purchased items. The catalog contained literally hundreds of pages featuring products like sewing machines, bicycles, clothing, radios, and just about everything else imaginable. Installment buying, or buying on credit, was also popular, allowing families to purchase large items like automobiles or refrigerators and pay them off gradually over a period of time. Large department stores also became popular during this time.

Coolidge Prosperity

Nicknamed Silent Cal because he was a man of few words, Calvin Coolidge was president of the United States from 1923-1929. His fiscally conservative policies helped usher in the era of 'Coolidge Prosperity.' Coolidge slashed taxes and supported legislation that encouraged private business. He also talked incessantly about the virtue of thrift. Coolidge deserves considerable credit for the economic success of the 1920s.

The Stock Market

With money to invest, many Americans began buying stock. This was the thing to do in the 1920s. It was seen as modern: a venture for those who were smart, sophisticated, and urbane. And while it carried risks, it was generally seen as a sound investment. As the economy continued to grow throughout the decade, some people came to see investing in stock as a foolproof way to get rich quick.

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american economy in the 1920s: consumerism

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stock market & economic shift - video & lesson transcript | study.com

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American Economy in the 1920s: Consumerism, Stock Market & Economic Shift - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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The 1920s have been called the Roaring '20s and for good reason. Not only was American culture 'roaring' in terms of style and social trends, but the economy was 'roaring' as well. The decade was a time of tremendous prosperity. Following the end of World War I, the industrial might of the United States was unleashed for domestic, peaceful purposes.

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Consumerism - This was selling and buying of products that took place mainly due to mass production of goods, and new techniques with advertising the products to grab any consumer attention tp buy the product trying to be marketed for a profit.

- Consumerism really impacted society because it helped with businesses making a larger profit making consumerism more visible than ever before which and help contribute to society helping it prosper.

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The Roaring Economy of the 1920s

The 1920s have been called the Roaring '20s and for good reason. Not only was American culture 'roaring' in terms of style and social trends, but the economy was 'roaring' as well. The decade was a time of tremendous prosperity. Following the end of World War I, the industrial might of the United States was unleashed for domestic, peaceful purposes. Within a few short years, an economic shift took place as the economy transitioned from wartime production to peacetime production. New technologies like the automobile, household appliances, and other mass-produced products led to a vibrant consumer culture, stimulating economic growth. Furthermore, under the administration of three consecutive Republican presidents, the government adopted fiscally conservative policies that fueled private business.

Consumerism in the 1920s

Consumerism can be thought of as the culture surrounding the buying and selling of products. Consumerism came into its own throughout the 1920s as a result of mass production, new products on the market, and improved advertising techniques. With more leisure time available and money to spend, Americans were eager to own the latest items. Advertisers used this to their advantage, often stressing luxury and convenience. Through mediums like radio and print advertisements, consumer culture was more visible than ever before.

Sears, Roebuck & Co., a company founded in 1893, regularly issued a mail-order catalog. By the 1920s, the catalog, nicknamed the consumer's bible, had become enormously popular. It completely revolutionized how people purchased items. The catalog contained literally hundreds of pages featuring products like sewing machines, bicycles, clothing, radios, and just about everything else imaginable. Installment buying, or buying on credit, was also popular, allowing families to purchase large items like automobiles or refrigerators and pay them off gradually over a period of time. Large department stores also became popular during this time.

Coolidge Prosperity

Nicknamed Silent Cal because he was a man of few words, Calvin Coolidge was president of the United States from 1923-1929. His fiscally conservative policies helped usher in the era of 'Coolidge Prosperity.' Coolidge slashed taxes and supported legislation that encouraged private business. He also talked incessantly about the virtue of thrift. Coolidge deserves considerable credit for the economic success of the 1920s.

The Stock Market

With money to invest, many Americans began buying stock. This was the thing to do in the 1920s. It was seen as modern: a venture for those who were smart, sophisticated, and urbane. And while it carried risks, it was generally seen as a sound investment. As the economy continued to grow throughout the decade, some people came to see investing in stock as a foolproof way to get rich quick.

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american economy in the 1920s: consumerism

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
stock market & economic shift - video & lesson transcript | study.com

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American Economy in the 1920s: Consumerism, Stock Market & Economic Shift - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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The 1920s have been called the Roaring '20s and for good reason. Not only was American culture 'roaring' in terms of style and social trends, but the economy was 'roaring' as well. The decade was a time of tremendous prosperity. Following the end of World War I, the industrial might of the United States was unleashed for domestic, peaceful purposes.

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- The first Bulldozer was made in morrowville, Kansas in 1923 by James Cummings and J. Earl McLeod

- These two men created a dirt pushing blade attached to the front of a tractor
and it was finally patented in 1925

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The first bulldozer, as we now think of it, was invented by James Cummings and J. Earl McLeod in Morrowville, Kansas in 1923. They created a large, dirt-pushing blade that could attach to the front of a tractor. The tractor they used was designed for plowing fields, and had endless chain treads. Their patent for this "Attachment for Tractors" was approved in 1925.

The key features of a bulldozer are a large, front blade, and a powerful engine to make it possible to push large amounts of material. Large rubber wheels have become common, but many modern bulldozers still use the continuous chain treads. The chain treads spread out the weight of the bulldozer, which makes it easier for them to move over rough ground. Bulldozers are used all over the world to push large amounts of dirt, stones, rubble, or any other material. They are vital to work at mines, quarries, farms, and construction sites.

The large, shoveling blade of a bulldozer existed before motorized vehicles. They were originally pulled by mules or horses, and were commonly used on farms to move dirt.

Tractors with endless chain treads were invented by Benjamin Holt in 1904. These "crawler" tractors were less likely to sink in loose soil or sand.

Benjamin Holt founded the Holt Manufacturing Company to produce tractors with treads for farming and agriculture. These vehicles were eventually nicknamed "caterpillars", and he renamed his company the Holt Caterpillar Company in 1910.

The term "to bull-dose" meant applying a lot of medicine or punishment. The use of the term gradually changed to mean using force or intimidation to get your way, or using a lot of force to push through obstacles. In the late 1800s, large-caliber pistols were nicknamed "bulldozers" because they could be used to threaten people.

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The first bulldozer, as we now think of it, was invented by James Cummings and J. Earl McLeod in Morrowville, Kansas in 1923. They created a large, dirt-pushing blade that could attach to the front of a tractor. The tractor they used was designed for plowing fields, and had endless chain treads.

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- The invention of the adhesive Band-Aid in 1921 by a cotton buyer named Earle Dickinson

- This invention became a household name for small wounds that is supposed to be sustainable for everday active activities

- This would revolutionize the pharmaceutical industry and the military for wounds and remained relatively unchanged for the next 100 years

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Band-Aid is the trademarked name for bandages sold by the American pharmaceutical and medical devices giant Johnson & Johnson Company, though these popular medical bandages have become a household name since their invention in 1921 by cotton buyer Earle Dickson.

Originally created as a means to treat small wounds more easily with bandages that could be self-applied and were durable enough to withstand the day-to-day activities of most people, this invention has remained relatively unchanged in its nearly 100-year history.

However, market sales for the first line of commercially produced Band-Aids weren't doing so well, so in the 1950s, Johnson & Johnson began marketing a number of decorative Band-Aids with such childhood icons as Mickey Mouse and Superman on them. Additionally, Johnson & Johnson began donating free band-aids to Boy Scout troops and overseas military personnel to better their brand image.

Earle Dickson was employed as a cotton buyer for the Johnson & Johnson when he invented the band-aid in 1921 for his wife Josephine Dickson, who was always cutting her fingers in the kitchen while preparing food.

At that time a bandage consisted of separate gauze and adhesive tape that you would cut to size and apply yourself, but Earle Dickson noticed that gauze and adhesive tape she used would soon fall off her active fingers, and he decided to invent something that would stay in place and protect small wounds better.

Earle Dickson took a piece of gauze and attached it to the center of a piece of tape then covered the product with crinoline to keep it sterile. This ready-to-go product allowed his wife to dress her wounds without assistance, and when Earle's boss James Johnson saw the invention, he decided to manufacture band-aids to the public and make Earle Dickson vice-president of the company.

Sales of Band-Aids were slow until Johnson & Johnson decided to give Boy Scout troops free Band-Aids as a publicity stunt. Since then, the company has dedicated a lot of its financial resources and marketing campaigns to charity work associated with the health and human services fields.

Although the product itself has remained relatively unchanged throughout the years, its history still came with a few big milestones including the introduction of machine-made band-aids in 1924, the sale of sterilized band-aids in 1939, and the replacement of regular tape with vinyl tape in 1958, all of which were marketed as the latest in at-home medical care.

The long-time slogan of Band-Aid, especially since it began marketing to children and parents in the mid-1950s, is "I am stuck on Band-Aid brand 'cause Band-Aid's stuck on me!" and indicates a family-friendly value that Johnson & Johnson is known for. In 1951, Band-Aid's introduced the first decorative band-aids which featured the cartoon character Mickey Mouse in the hope they'd appeal to children.

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History of Band-Aids: From Earle Dickson to Boy Scouts

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Band-Aid is the trademarked name for bandages sold by the American pharmaceutical and medical devices giant Johnson & Johnson Company, though these popular medical bandages have become a household name since their invention in 1921 by cotton buyer Earle Dickson.

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Innovation of the first commercial radio station

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Innovation of the first commercial radio station

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- The first commercial radio broadcast happened on November 2, 1920 in Pittsburg

- This was the first commercial broadcast in america. The name of the radio station was KDKA and the radio station aired and talked about the returning of the Harding-Cox presidential election for entertainment.

- this influenced 1920's by helping the further widespread communication for development and to make it better and technologically advanced

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Broadcasting: Broadcasting, electronic transmission of radio and television signals that are intended for general public reception, as distinguished from private signals that are directed to specific receivers. In its most common form, broadcasting may be described as the systematic dissemination of

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-The traffic signal was invented and patented on November 20, 1923 by an African American named Garrett Morgan

- Garrett Morgan created his traffic signal, because he witnessed an automobile accident where the automobile and a horse-drawn carriage had a collision. So to make traffic more a safe and organized Garrett Morgan created the traffic signal.

- This invention improved society by making traffic nationally and internationally safer for Americans and other citizens around the world

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Garrett Morgan, inventor of one of the first traffic lights

*On this date, in 1877, we mark the birth of Garrett Augustus Morgan. He was an African American businessman and inventor.

The son of former slaves, Garrett Morgan was born in Paris, Kentucky, his early childhood was spent attending school and working on the family farm. In 1895, Morgan moved to Cleveland, where he went to work as a sewing machine repair man for a clothing manufacturer; he opened his own shop in 1907. The company turned out coats, suits, and dresses, all sewn with equipment that Morgan himself had made. In 1920, Morgan moved into the newspaper business establishing the Cleveland Call.

His curiosity and innovation led to the development of many useful and helpful products. Among his inventions was an early traffic signal. After witnessing a collision between an automobile and a horse-drawn carriage, Morgan was convinced that something should be done to improve traffic safety. Morgan was one of the first to apply for and acquire a U.S. patent for a traffic signal. The patent was granted on November 20, 1923. Morgan later had the technology patented in Great Britain and Canada. He also invented a zigzag stitching attachment for manually operated sewing machine. In 1916, Morgan made national news for using a gas mask he had invented to rescue several men trapped during an explosion in an underground tunnel beneath Lake Erie. After the rescue, Morgan's company received requests from fire departments around the country that wished to purchase the new masks.

The Morgan gas mask was later refined for use by U.S. Army during World War I in 1921. As word of Morgan's life-saving inventions spread across North America and England, demand for these products grew. He was frequently invited to conventions and public exhibitions to demonstrate how his inventions worked. Garrett A. Morgan died on August 27, 1963, at the age of 86. His life was long and full, and his creative energies have given us a marvelous and lasting legacy.

Reference:
Black Leaders of the Nineteenth Century.
Edited by Leon Litwack and August Meier
Copyright 1998, University if Illinois Press
ISBN 0-252-06213-2

Created Equal The Lives and Ideas of Black American Innovators
By James Michael Brodie
Copyright 1993, by Bill Adler Books, Inc.
William Morrow and Co. Inc., New York
ISBN 0-688-11536-5
Global Black Inventors

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Garrett Morgan, inventor of one of the first traffic lights - African American Registry

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On this date, in 1877, we mark the birth of Garrett Augustus Morgan. He was an African American businessman and inventor. The son of former slaves, Garrett Morgan was born in Paris, Kentucky, his early childhood was spent attending school and working on the family farm.

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-The first real functioning and reliable Lie Detector was created in 1921 by John Larson

-This new working invention of the Polygraph functioned by reading a person's
blood pressure, respiratory rate, and pulse rate. The Polygraph recorded the information on a rotating drum of smoke paper, which would determine if you were telling the truth or telling a lie.

-John Larson's invention would help with determining whether criminals or anybody being accused under the law for a crime or act they committed. It would help provide more hard facts and evidence to criminal investigation by a rightful conviction.

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free printable worksheets and facts for preschool, kindergarten and early grade school geography lessons.

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Conclusion of the 1920s impact and influence on society

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Conclusion of the 1920s impact and influence on society

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Doing this research project taught me a lot about the corruption in the government and how slick they were with getting away with being involved in illegal deals and activities. Also about how much the economy prospered but yet how nobody realized how corrupt it was underneath, The inventions were pretty interesting and how they came to be. For me what peaked my intrest the most is about the culture and society, and how the African Americans were able to make it big in a way with music.