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1) Science: The study of the natural world and everything in it.
2) Hypothesis: A possible answer to a question based off of observations.
3) Theory: A well-tested explanation that allows scientists to make new inferences in a new situation.
4) Independent Variable: The variable changed in an experiment.
5) Dependent Variable: The variable that changes in reaction to the independent variable that was changed.
6) Law: A cause and effect based on observations that is a generalized rule.
7) Constants: The things in an experiment that get changed
8) Observation: Active watching of information from a primary source.
9) A logical guess based off of a previous observation.
10) Control Group: The group that is exposed to all variables except for the independent variable.

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1)Cell membrane: A wall that is semipermeable and protects the contents of the cell.
2)Nucleus: The control center of the cell that controls the entire cell and holds DNA.
3)Eukaryote: Cells that contain a nucleus.
4)Prokaryote: A cell that does not have a nucleus.
5)Cytoplasm: The jelly like solution in a cell that the contents sits in.
6)Organelle: A sub-unit in a cell that has a specific function that is enclosed within the cell.
7)Golgi apparatus: Stores and prepares protein for transport.
8)Chloroplast: An organelle in plant cells that photosynthesis takes place in.
9)Cell wall: A wall found in plant cells that is a stronger version of a cell membrane.
10)Mitochondrion:The organelle that control energy, also called the "power house" of the cell.

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1)Cohesion: Attraction to the same substance.
2)Adhesion: Attraction between different substances.
3)Surface tension:Strong attraction between water molecules.
4)Specific heat: The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a pure substance by one degree.
5)Solute: The substance that dissolves in liquid.
6)Solvent: Substance that dissolves other substances.
7)Osmosis: When water goes through the cell membrane.
8)Phospholipid bilayer: Two layers of phospholipid molecules in the cell membrane.
9)Isotonic: When the concentration of water and salt are the same.
10)Hypotonic: Solution with less concentration of salt.

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1)Genes: A segment of DNA that is a unit of heredity.
2)Homologous chromosomes:A chromosome from each parent with potentially different alleles.
3)Gamete:A haploid cell that joins with another haploid cell to create a fetus.
4)Haploid: Cells that are produced through meiosis.
5)Meiosis: The process of gamete formation.
6)Mitosis: The process where a single cell divides resulting in generally two identical cells.
7)Diploid:A cell or an organism consisting of two sets of chromosomes.
8)Chromosomes: Structure of DNA that holds genetic information.
9)Daughter Cell: Cells that are created after a cell splits.
10)Cancer: When body cells lose control of the growth of cells.

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1)Dominant: An allele that shows up in an organism’s phenotype that covers up the recessive allele.
2)Recessive: A gene that can be masked by a dominant gene.
3)Codominance: The result in which the offspring has a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive.
4)Incomplete dominance: The result in which a third phenotype is shown in physical traits and is a combination of the phenotypes of both alleles.
5)Punnett square: A type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their possible offspring.
6)Monohybrid: The cross between organisms that involve only one pair of contrasting traits.

7)Dihybrid: The cross between organisms involving two pairs of contrasting traits.

8)Pedigree: A diagram showing relationships between members of a family through genes.
9)Polygenic: Relating to an inheritable character that is controlled by several genes at once.
10)Biotechnology: The changing of living organisms or their components to produce useful products for commercial use.

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1)Photosynthesis: Converting organic and inorganic compounds into carbohydrates for food, done by autotrophs who use the sun to make their own food.
2)Cellular respiration: Using organic compounds to create energy using the products of photosynthesis.
3)Xylem: Tissue in vascular plants that help support and conduct water.
4)Phloem: Tissue in vascular plants with tubes that transport food.
5)Stamen: Organ of a flower that bears pollen with filament and anther.
6)Pistil: Female reproductive organ in flowers.
7)Vascular tissue: Tissue formed of more than one type of cell.
8)Meristem: Tissue made up of small cell that divide indefinitely.
9)Dermal tissue: Cells that cover soft parts of a plant.
10)Cambium: Layer in the stems and roots that is tissue.

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1)Herbivore: Organism that obtains energy by eating plants.
2)Carnivore: Organism that obtains energy from eating animals.
3)Biogeochemical cycle: Process where elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another.
4)Habitat: Area where an organism lives, including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it.
5)Predation: Interaction where one organism captures and feeds off of another organism.
6)Niche: Full range of physical and biological conditions in which and organism lives and the way they live in certain conditions.
7)Omnivore: An organism that gets its energy from eating plants and animals.
8)Detritivore: An organism that gets its energy from eating dead and decaying animals.
9)Trophic level: Where an organism is placed on the trophic pyramid.
10)Food chain: Series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.

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1)Capillary: An extremely small blood vessel located in the tissues of the body, that transports blood from arteries to veins.
2)Veins: A blood vessel which carries blood toward the heart.
3)Hypertension: Persistently high arterial blood pressure.
4)Hemoglobin: A biomolecule made up of haeme and globin in red blood cells.
5)Atherosclerosis: An artery wall that thickens as a result of an invasion and accumulation of white blood cells.
6)Gastrulation: The stage of embryo development when a gastrula is formed from the blastula by the movement of cells.
7)Pathogen: An agent that causes disease or illness in the host.
8)Macrophage: The cells in the immune system with major plasticity and control a large number of cells and different pathways.
9)Lymphocyte: Can make a clone of memory cells that make the antibody on subsequent encounters when it sees the same disease again.
10)Antibody: Fights against diseases and pathogens within the immune system.

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https://youtu.be/BVfI1wat2y8 - Uses pictures and words to explain what the steps of the scientific process are and what they entail.

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https://youtu.be/NkC9AiJf7gI - Uses animation and a rhyming song to explain all of the parts of an animal cell and plant cells and their functions.

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Cell Transport: https://youtu.be/Ptmlvtei8hw - An Amoeba Sisters video that uses animation and audio to describe cell transport.
Water Properties: https://youtu.be/42frHOm_5T8 - Uses animation, pictures and a rhyming song to tell about water properties and what they do.

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Meiosis: https://youtu.be/nMEyeKQClqI - An easy to understand video that uses real images and animated ones to describe the process of meiosis.
Mitosis: https://youtu.be/f7Dmhfo7XXA - A rap song that uses animation to describe how mitosis works.

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Genetics: https://youtu.be/Shu8s64Av-4 - A fun upbeat song that describes genes and what they do and are made of.
Biotechnology: https://youtu.be/SnkHmwTKksQ - A short but informative video that describes biotechnology and gives examples so it is easier to be understood.

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1)Carrying Capacity: Maximum population size that an environment can sustain.
2)Density Dependent Factors: Factors depend on population density.
3)Density Independent Factors: Affects all population in similar ways, regardless of the population size.
4)Immigration: When an organism enters a new environment.
5)Emigration: When an organism leaves an environment.
6)Population Density: Number of organisms in an area per unit.
7)Greenhouse Effect: Certain gases trap sunlight energy and heat up the Earth's atmosphere.
8)Biodiversity: Total variety of organisms within the biosphere.
9)Invasive Species: A species that is not native to a specific location.
10)Habitat Fragmentation: Splitting of ecosystems into pieces.

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https://youtu.be/DGpPHrLF-5M - An Amoeba Sisters video that talks about plants and their importance to the Earth by describing their structures and functions.

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Matter: https://youtu.be/Sri3ItB8JvA - A fun song that describes what matter is and what is made of.
Energy: https://youtu.be/jCrOtF7T4HE - Nick Lucid explains what energy is and what it does. Also how important it is.

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https://youtu.be/XcYhMuhVitU - A rap song that uses an acronym to explain the body systems and what they are.

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https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/science-fair/steps-of-the-scientific-method - Uses images and very detailed instructions on how one would go through the steps of the scientific process.

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http://www.biologyjunction.com/cell_functions.htm - Uses a chart with images, examples of what organism they can be found in, and descriptions of the organelles and their functions.

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https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/transport-across-a-cell-membrane/a/passive-transport-and-active-transport-across-a-cell-membrane-article - A Khan Academy website that explains what cell transport is and all of the types of cell transport.

https://water.usgs.gov/edu/adhesion.html - A website that describes all of water's many properties and what they all mean and how they are important.

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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/how-cells-divide.html - A website that gives some background information on meiosis and mitosis and more information on how cells divide.

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http://natureinstitute.org/gene/ - Uses real life problems to describe biotechnology and how genes are related.

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https://sites.google.com/site/misterseanstewart/plant-structure-function - A very informational website that describes plants structure and functions.

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https://quizlet.com/80365924/basic-principles-of-matter-and-energy-from-praxis-website-flash-cards/ - A quizlet that has many vocab words that have to do with energy and matter.

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http://www.mananatomy.com/body-systems - A website that uses pictures and words to explain what each body system is and how important it is to the human body.

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1)Double helix: When two DNA strands twist towards each other.
2)Phosphate: Makes up nucleotides.
3)Thymine: A type of nitrogen base
4)Nucleic acid: Macromolecules containing H,O,N,C,P.
5)Hydrogen bond: A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom.
6)Cytosine: Type of nitrogen base.
7)Nucleotide: Monomer of nucleic acid.
8)Adenine: Another type of nitrogen base.
9)Guanine: Another type of nitrogen base.
10)Complementary Base: The opposite nitrogen base. Ex: Thymine and Adenine.

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https://youtu.be/mWNoX7tTyqQ - A video that I just decided to add in here that shows facts and images that describe how important it is to protect the world.
https://youtu.be/OfV3VNgjpvw - A very information al audio video that uses images and words to explain what ecology is and how it effects the world and how it relates.

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Protein Synthesis: https://youtu.be/Ikq9AcBcohA - Uses images and animations with audio that describes DNA and RNA and protein synthesis.
DNA: https://youtu.be/b9YvRq4gSg8 - Uses a rhyming rap to describe how the DNA replicates.

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https://www.ecology.com/ - Gives information on current breakthroughs in ecology and what is happening in the world today.

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1)Evolution: Process where modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
2)Derived trait: Trait that shows up in recent parts of a lineage but not in the older members.
3)Ancestral trait: Ancient members of lineage that have a trait but recent ones do not.
4)Homologous structure: Structures that are similar in different species of common ancestry.
4)Analogous structure:Body parts that share common function but not structure.
5)Vestigial structure: Structure that is inherited from ancestors but has lost original function.
6)Classification: A group of closely related orders.
7)Phylogeny: Evolutionary history of lineage.
8)Cladogram: A diagram that depicts patterns of shared characteristics among species.
9)Binomial nomenclature: Classification system where each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
10)Taxonomy: A group or level of organization into which organisms are classified.

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https://youtu.be/GhHOjC4oxh8 - An audio video that uses animation and images to describe what evolution is and how it works.

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The testing of a hypothesis is called...
A) analysis
B) experiment
C) cell membrane
D) inference
ANSWER: A

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What is considered the powerhouse of the cell?
A) an organelle
B) cell wall
C) mitochondrion
D) golgi apparatus
ANSWER: C

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What would the interaction between water molecules and the side of a glass container, when the water molecules stick to the sides of a glass container be called?
A) cohesion
B) isotonic
C) hypertonic
D) adhesion
ANSWER: D

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The process that ends up with four daughter cells is...
A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) thymine
D) haploid
ANSWER: B

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Which allele gets covered up by the other?
A) recessive
B) dominant
C) trait
D) homologous allele
ANSWER: A

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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/ - An interactive website that teaches about evolution and how it happens.

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Structure that is inherited from ancestors but has lost original function.
A) analogous structure
B) ancestral trait
C) vestigial structure
D) evolution
ANSWER: C

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Within a plant, what transports water throughout the cell?
A) xylem
B) phloem
C) dermal tissue
D) herbivore
ANSWER: A

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An animal that eats other animals to get energy is called a...
A) herbivore
B) omnivore
C) habitat
D) carnivore
ANSWER: D

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What will happen when a population reaches it carrying capacity?
A) the population will decline with no chance of coming back
B) the population will fluctuate around the carrying capacity not being able to stay above it without the population going back down.
C) the population will continue rising.
D) the population will die off completely.
ANSWER: B

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How many body systems are they?
A) 10
B) 4
C) 12
D) 56
ANSWER: C

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https://www.instagram.com/biology.with.madi/

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1) Which question would be the best high level scientific question?

A) Does the amount of salt in water affect the temperature at which it boils?
B) How long ago did dinosaurs live on the Earth?
C) Who made the first microscope?
D) How many dolphins live in Florida?

2) What is a hypothesis?
A)  A possible answer to a question based off of observations.
B) The study of the natural world and everything in it.
C) An experiment
D) A blood vessel which carries blood toward the heart.

3) What kind of cell has a cell wall?
A) Animal cell
B) Blood cell
C) Plant cell
D) Eukaryote

4) Which of the following is a mixture?
A) salt and pepper combined in a bowl
B) salt dissolved in a glass of water
C) water sitting in a glass
D) all of the above

5) Which process ends up with identical daughter cells?
A) Haploid
B) Mitosis
C) Meiosis
D) Alleles

6)  Which phases of the cell cycle represent interphase?
A) Phases M, G1, and S
B) Phases G1, S, and G2
C) Phases S, G2, and M
D) Phases G1 and G2

7) What is the monomer of nucleic acid?
A) Amino acids
B) Carbohydrates
C) Lipids
D) Nucleotide

8) The step of mitosis when the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell is called:
A) Telophase
B) Anaphase
C) Metaphase
D) Prophase

9) In DNA adenine normally pairs with...
A) Guanine
B) Thymine
C) Cytocine
D) Adenine

10) What is evolution?
A) Change
B) Process where modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
C) Trait that shows up in recent parts of a lineage but not in the older members
D) Evolutionary history of lineage

11) What type of tissue covers soft parts of a plant?
A) Dermal tissue
B) Vascular tissue
C) Pistil
D) Meristem

12) Plants are...
A) Heterotrophs
B) Carnivores
C) Autotrophs
D) Organic

13) How much energy is transferred through one trophic level?
A) 20%
B) 100%
C) 5%
D) 10

14) What is an organism that only eats plants?
A) Herbivore
B) Omnivore
C) Carnivore
D) Heterotroph

15) What is emigration?
A) When and organism enters a new environment
B) When an organism leaves an environment
C) The number of organisms in an area per unit
D) Population

16) Invasive species...
A) Will help a new environment
B) Can damage a new environment
C) Will kill other organisms
D) Are always beneficial

17) What is the smallest blood vessel in the human body?
A) Capillary
B) Veins
C) Pathogen
D) Gastrulation

18) What is an agent that causes diseases or illness called?
A) Blastula
B) Marcophage
C) Pathogen
D) Veins

19) What is hypertension?
A) High arterial blood pressure
B) Hemoglobin
C) An artery wall that thickens as a result of an invasion and accumulation of white blood cells
D) Small blood vessel

20) What is population density?
A)  Total variety of organisms within the biosphere
B) Splitting of ecosystems into pieces
C) Number of organisms in an area per unit
D) Greenhouse effect

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1) A
2) A
3) C
4) A
5) B
6) B
7) D
8) C
9) B
10) B
11) A
12) C
13) D
14) A
15) B
16) B
17) A
18) C
19) A
20) C

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http://www.biotopics.co.uk/genes/trans.html - A website that has charts and clear speech on how DNA is replicated and information about protein synthesis.

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Through DNA replication what would the result be of TAG CTA TGA CAG?
A) TUG CTA TAG CCC
B) ATC GAT ACT GTC
C) AGT CTG AAA GAC
D) ATC GAT ACT GCC
ANSWER: B