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Packet switching end to end delay example

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Packet switching end to end delay example

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Packet switching end to end delay formula:

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Packet switching end to end delay formula:

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Circuit switching end to end delay example:

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Circuit switching end to end delay example:

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End-to-End delay: is the time packet(s) take to travel from source to destination, and it is measured in only one direction(from source to destination) that's why it is also called one-way delay(OWD).
It depends on the type of switching, so it has types:
1-circuit switching end to end delay.
2- packet switching end to end delay.
Circuit switching end to end formula:

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Bandwidth Delay product (Hazwan and Shoib)

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Bandwidth Delay product (Hazwan and Shoib)

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Abubakar & Ali

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1) propagation delay
2) transmission delay
3) Node delay
4) End-to-end delay circuit switch and packet switch
5) bandwidth delay product

provide definition, equation and example for the above