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Implementing policies in schools forcing children to wear hats when outside to prevent skin cancer later in life. "No hat, no play"

Idea, design and co-ordination of contributions onto padlet: Arielle Douglas-Henry u17035491

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2. What level of prevention would you consider it to be? Why/not?

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2. What level of prevention would you consider it to be? Why/not?

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These measures can be classified as Primary Prevention for the following reasons:

a. These are measures which are applied in the Healthy (Pre-Disease) state, and can serve as a preventative measure, i.e. maintaining the healthy state and reducing the risk of disease manifestation.

b. These prevention strategies promote health education amongst children, parents and kindergarten educators with regard to disease prevention.

According to Kornek and Augustin², children within, but not limited to, the kindergarten age group produce limited pigment and possess a thin cornified layer, thus making them especially susceptible to UV ray exposure. In this case, environmental factors affecting health are outside of the control of the policy makers and target population group, thus behavioural measures to reduce exposure to harmful UV rays are a simple primary prevention practice that can be instilled in children from an early age.

Although these strategies are targeted towards skin cancer prevention in particular, a general consciousness of the behavioural aspects of disease causation, and the ability to modify such behaviours in order to prevent disease, may be developed within the impacted population (parents and teachers in particular).

Nasreen Ebrahim u17116458

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3. What is the evidence for causation between your selected intervention and the health concern that it is trying to address/solve?

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3. What is the evidence for causation between your selected intervention and the health concern that it is trying to address/solve?

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According to Katta 3 ultraviolet radiation exposure provides the biggest causation risk factor for the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) which is a board term for various skin cancers such as squamous cell carcinoma. The president of the skin care foundation, Deborah , also agreed that skin cancer is mainly a behavioural disease meaning that if people don’t have good ‘sun exposure’ habits such as putting sunscreen on and covering up when going into the sun they are more likely to be exposed to UV radiation and 90 percent of NMSC is caused by this radiation.³  According to the studies done by McMichael et al ⁴, ‘Increased hat wearing decreased sunburn - which is caused from high UV radiation and sun exposure- between 19 and 29 percent’. Wearing a hat decreases UV exposure and therefore skin cancer. Making it a rule in school to wear a hat before going out to break also teaches children better sun-care habits which will decrease the risk for skin cancer of these individuals in the future.

Claudia de Kok u17052247

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4. What role do you play as a citizen and  future doctor in this intervention? How could you support this

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4. What role do you play as a citizen and  future doctor in this intervention? How could you support this

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As citizens, we need to ensure that we follow our own advice by wearing hats to reduce the amount of UV light we are exposed to, which will also help us set an example to children. We must encourage others to wear hats and teach our own children to help them develop healthy habits.

As future medical doctors, we must educate children patients and those that are at risk for developing skin cancer on preventative methods such as hat-wearing, which will help them to better their habits when it comes to protecting themselves from the sun.⁵  We need to support and encourage school policies that require children to wear hats while playing and campaigns to educate parents on the need for such policies.6

Natasha Victor  u17050822

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1. What Health concern is our selected intervention trying to address? How big is the health concern in South Africa and globaly? 

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1. What Health concern is our selected intervention trying to address? How big is the health concern in South Africa and globaly? 

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The health concern that this intervention is trying to address is the increasing rate in skin cancers both globally and in South Africa. This condition is of great concern as "The incidence of melanoma, the most severe form of skin cancer, has been increasing".1 Wearing hats and developing good sun care habits, specifically in children, aims to lessen UV radiation exposure from the sun, therefore reducing the chance of developing skin cancer. This is because "UV radiation causes most skin cancers through damage to DNA and represents the major environmental risk factor for all types of skin cancer".¹

Adam Reich u17100446

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Journals
¹  Henrikson NB, Morrison CC, Blasi PR et al. Behavioral counseling for skin cancer prevention. JAMA. 2018;319(11):1143-1157

2 Kornek T, Augustin M. Skin Cancer Prevention. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. 2013; 11(4):283-298.

³Katta R, Brown DN, et al. Diet and Skin Cancer: The Potential Role of Dietary Antioxidants in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Prevention. Journal of Skin Cancer. 2015; 2015(1-10): 2090-2905

E-book
⁴  Lucas R, McMichael T, Smith W, Armstrong B et al. Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Global burden of disease[internet].Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Production Services; 2006 [ cited 2018 Apr 22]. Available from WHO:  http://www.who.int/uv/health/solaruvradfull_180706.pdf

Accredited Websites
5. Steele Creek Dermatology. The Importance of Skin Cancer Prevention Education [Internet]. 2016. [cited 23 April 2018]. Available from: http://steelecreekderm.com/importance-skin-cancer-prevention-education/
6. Ashley J. The Glaring Need For Sun Safety In Schools [Internet]. 2018. [cited 23 April 2018]. Available from: https://www.skincancer.org/get-involved/schools/the-glaring-need-for-sun-safety-in-schools

Photography
Claudia de Kok
Backround Art: Arielle Douglas-Henry ( Photographic elements used: Solescapes (2018). https://www.solescapes.com/Turquoise-Kids-Bucket-Hat-p/sn-bh%20aqua.htm. [image]. Solescapes (2018). http://www.solescapes.com/Pink-Bucket-Hat-Sun-Protection-p/sn-bh-pink.htm [image].)

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Arielle Douglas-Henry  u17035491

Claudia de Kok u17052247

Adam N Reich u17100446

Nasreen Ebrahim u17116458

Natasha Victor  u17050822