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Pharaoh senusret ruled from 1971 to 1926 B.C.E

The pharaoh controlled mines loaded with gold, copper, and genes such as purple amethyst

He build the white chapel

The white chapel was made from alabaster a hatred white

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Artifact -an object made or used by people in the past
Prehistoric-before written history
Ritual-relating to a ceremony such as a religious ceremony

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Anthropologists- a scientist who studies human development and culture
Remains-a dead body
Biped-a two -footed animal
Migrate- to move from one geographic region to another
Land Bridge- a piece of land connecting two continents

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- The Australopithecus afarensis where 3feet tall
- The Australopithecus afarensis walked on two feet like humans did so they were able to carry their young children in their arms

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-The Homo Habilis are 4 feet tall
-The handy man used rocks and chopping tools
-They used those tools to get the meat from the animal to eat
-They lived for 1.5 to 2 million years

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The homo erectus are 5 feet to 6 feet tall
-they lived from 1.8 million to 200,000 b.c.e
-Scientists believe that they were the first  to migrate out of Africa
-The homo erectus bones where really strong
-They ate meat and vegetables

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-They painted on the walls
-They are 6 feet tall
- They created instruments
-When they painted the caves they made shaps and they drew animals that they hunted

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-They are 5.5 feet tall
- They learned how to make sharp things
-They existed for 10,000 years
-They worked together to trap animals
-There skeleton was found in Germany

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Domesticate-to train a wild animals to be useful to humans
Agriculture-the business of farming
Trade- the business of buying and selling or exchanging
Ore- a mineral mined for its valuable uses

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* They beagan about 2 million years ago  and they lasted about 8000  B.C.E
* They gathered there food in caves
*

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*it  began around 800 B.C.E and ended around 3000 B.C.E

*They we’re located east of the Mediterranean Sea

*People learned how to farm and produce their own food

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Social structure- the way civilization is organized

Technology- the use of tools and other inventions for practical purposes

Status-importance

Chariot - a two wheeled vehicle pulled by a horse

Scribe-a person who writes

Ziggurat-an ancient Mesopotamian temple tower

Cuneiform- writing that uses wedge-shaped characters

Pictograph- a symbol that stand for an object

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*the stable food supply so that the people of the society have the food they need to survive

*A social structure with the different social levels and jobs

*a system of government so that life in the society in orderly

*A religious system which involves a set of beliefs and forms of worships

*A highly developed culture that includes art such as painting architecture,music.and literature

*Advances in technology

*A highly devoloped written language

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*The priests ,land owners and the government officials these people had the largest and most luxurious homes ,near the center of the city

*the middle was the commone classes it included  merchants and craftspeople the craftspeople included highly skilled metal,copper,and bronze with these materials they created swords for war and and arrowheads

*The common class included farmer and fish man .They lived  in a small,mud brick house at the eagle of the city .Farmers often worked to build or repair the irrigation systems .In times war,they were forced to serve in the army

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*Sumerian city-states were ruled by kings

*the first king led his city state’s army all the city states needed armies because they were constantly  fighting over land boundaries and the use of water

* the second king enforced the laws and collected taxes. They build temples and made sure irrigation systems were maintain

*the third king had officials under them to help them with their duties.  Governors ruled over outlying towns

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The religion system includes a set of beliefs, usually in a god or goods together with three forms of worship

*Sumerians expressed their religious beliefs by building  temples and religions  towers called ziggurats

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*They discovered that they didn’t have to depend on hunting and gathering

* Insted of gathering  wild plants, they could plant seeds and harvest crops

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*The Akkadian Empire took place in the northern Mesopotamia
* the ruler from Akkadian Empire was Sargon
* Sargon was the kind of leader that would teach his soldiers how to fight  Sargon also used his military skills to win territory for his empire
*the Akkadian  used Sumerian culture lived

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It took place

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*capital; a city that is center of goverment

*Trbute;wealth sent from one country or ruler to another as a  sing that the other is superior

*Siege; a military blockade and attack on a city to force it to surrender

*Aqueduct; a pipe or channel that brings water from distant places

*Bas-relief;a sculpture in witch the image projects out from a flat surface

*Astronomy; the study of stars and planets

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The pharaoh Khufu ruled from about 2551 to 2528 B.C.E

He build the great pyramid at Giza

The great pyramid was made more than 2 millions stones blocks

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Pharaoh Senusret ruled in  about 1971 to 192 B.C.E

Craftspeople thrived  under Senusret’s rule the pharaoh  controlled mines loaded with gold copper and gems such as purple amethyst

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He ruled from 1971 to 1926 B.C.E

Craftspeople thrived under senusrets rule the pharaoh controlled mines loaded with gold copper and gems such as purple amethyst

The white chapel has a little bit  and from the front it has three. Windows

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She  ruled from about 1473 to 1458 B.C.E
Her greatest accomplishment is that was simply gaining power
She  promoted trade with other countries and her biggest trade expedition was to the African kingdom of punt

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He ruled about 1290 to 1224 B.C.E
He is know for  having over 100  wives and more than 100 children
His most impressive project was the temple  complex at abu simbel
The temple complex at the abu simbel had four giant statues of Ramses framed the entrance top the main temple

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The Tibetan plateau area is often called the ‘’Roof of the world’’. The Tibetan Plateau is a rocky land surrounded by towering mountains its peak is more than five miles (29,000 feet) high. Since the plateau is so high the climate is very cold, the air is thin and dry.for the people of ancient times, the Tibetan Plateau was a challenging place to live, it was to cold and dry to grow crops . Also the cold , rocky plateau and the high mountains  made travelers through this area to Inner China very difficult.

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Monsoon- a strong wind that brings heavy rai to Southern Asia in the summer

Plateau- a flat area of land that is elevated or raised above the land around it

Glacier- a huge mass of ice that slowly slides over a land area

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The Brahmaputra river is up high in the Himalayas. The water from the river is clear and cold as it rushes over the sharp rocks. The river becomes slower and deeper as it moves into its valley. When it rains the rain causes the river to overflow its banks. Eventually the river joins another river.

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The Deccan plateau is a triangle-shaped area between two mountain rangers in southern India. The Deccan plateau has different kinds of land

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The Western Ghats are higher than the Eastern Ghats. The Eastern and Western Ghats are long mountain chains near the coast of India.The Western and Eastern Ghats have steep slopes, narrow valleys,thick hardwood forests, and extremely heavy rains. The wet climate encourages the growth of tropical plants.

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The Ganges River flows across most of northern India. Traces its way south through ice , rocks, and magnificent mountains and valleys. The river carries sediments (bits of earth and sand) from the Himalayas to the northern plains. The River gets its water because the Ganges River plains have good water supply from melting ice carried down from the Himalayas.

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The Himalayas are located along India’s northern border. The Himalayas live up to their made which means ‘’home of snow.’’ The highest peaks are always covered in snow and ice. Underneath the Himalayas Mountain,the earth is always moving. This movement causes Mount Everest to rise slightly every year.

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The massive Thar Dessert in northern

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A Mohenjodaro is a place or hill of the dead. The Mohenjodaro is located in the Indus River valley in northern India.  It flourish for 800 years.

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The most dramatic features of Mohenjodaros citadel was the great Bath. The  Great Bath was a pool built of waterproofed brick. It was 39 feet long and 8 feet deep.  The Great Bath was also used for religious  rituals. One of the rooms contained a well that supplied the bath with water.

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It is 7 inches high and the figure has a short tidy beard and a pattered and his hair is tied with a band. He is wearing a pattern robe draped over his left shoulder.  It has beautiful stone beads in many shapes and colors have been found throughout Mohenjodaro

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No one knows how the seals were used there are more than 400 pictograph have been discovered. Many seals show animals such as buffalo,fish, and crocodiles

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A network of clay pipes connected Mohenjodaros buildings and homes to the main sewer system. Dirty , used water and waste flowed in channels along the streets. The sewer system made it possible for both rich and poor have bathroom in their homes

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The houses had flat roofs and were two stories high. The back of the houses opened onto country where families could gather. The houses had narrow window on the second floor with screens made of hard clay called terra cotta or a see through minerals called alabaster

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They crafted many objects for toys and parts of games set.  Archeologists have uncovered dice , stone balls, grooved clay tracks, and stone games games board.  An ancient Indian book described a war game played with dice and pieces called pawns

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Siddhartnas dad kept him in his hole live and one day Siddhartnas

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Right understanding~develop deep understanding of the four noble truths

Right purpose ~live a life of selflessness (not selfishness) love and nonviolence

Right speech~be careful and truthful in what you say. Do not lie or gossip

Right action~ do not kill steal or lie be honest

Right way to earn a living ~ do not work at a job that causes harm to people or living creatures

Right effort~ promote good actions and prevent evil actions

Right mindfulness~ be aware of but not attached to your emotion thoughts and feelings

Right concentration~ focus your mind with practices such as meditation

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The northwestern part of outer China is known for its great deserts , including the Taklimakan and Gobi deserts. The Taklimakan Deseret is about 105,000 square miles. It is considered one of the ,most dangerous deserts in the world. The Gobi desert i sone of the largest deserts,stretching over 500,000 squares miles

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The Northwestern Plain is located east of present-day Mongolia today this area is sometimes called Inner Mongolia and sometimes Manchuria. The northern and eastern parts  of the plain and dry and cold in winter, the plain is to cold and dry to be good place to grow crops. Only small boats can navigate the Liao River ,the Sungari deeper so it can carry larger boats . When it’s winter they used them as roads

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The China Plain is a flat region of grassland in Inner China. This region is sometimes called the ‘’Land of the Yellow Earth’’ because the ground is covered by yellow limestone slit. Temperature range from very warm in the summer to quite cold in the winter. The river the also runs through the plain is also full of yellow slit. The slit gives the river its name, Huang He(Yellow River). The Huang He is one of the longest rivers in the world . It may be the worlds muddiest river.

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The middle and lower Chang Jiang Basins are areas of low wet coastal plains . The Basins are located along the river called the Chang Jiang. Like the Huang He, the Chang Jiang is even longer. Than the Huang He. In fact its name means ‘’Long River’’ . It flows through three different plains and then to a rich delta. It’s deposits help to make the surrounding lands very fertile

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The middle and lower Chang Jiang Basins are areas of low wet coastal plains . The Basins are located along the river called the Chang Jiang. Like the Huang He, the Chang Jiang is even longer. Than the Huang He. In fact its name means ‘’Long River’’ . It flows through three different plains and then to a rich delta. It’s deposits help to make the surrounding lands very fertile

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In 256 B.C.E,Qin took overthe  state of Zhou. Qin was born 259 B.C.E near the end of the Warring State period. He was 13- years old when he became king. Qin’s nickname was tiger of Qin. Qin  was greatly influenced by Lealism. Recall that Legalism believed in strict laws,harsh punishments, and a strong central authority.

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A Chinese explorer named Zang Qian is often call the father of the Silk Road. Zang travels opened the way for trade between China and its western neighbors.

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Silk is a fiber use to make cloth. Silk cloth is strong but also warm,light,and soft. Silk was a valuable good for trading because at first only the Chinese knew how to make it as you learned in the chapter, the Chinese discovered how to make silk from fibers taken from the cocoon of the silkworm

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When people of other culture learned about silk, it became a highly prized material. Chinese silk was a luxury item. It was rare and expensive. The first time the Romans saw silk was during a battle near the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia

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The Silk Road led west along the Gobi Desert to Dunhung , in the northwestern China this part of the route was protected to the north by the Great Wall. Several dangers faced traders crossing the Taklimakan. Bandits often attacked travelers on the northern route between Dunhung and Kuch.

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The journey west from Kashgar Braganza with a difficult track across the Pamir Mountsains. Some peaks rose over 20,000 feet. Many  of the mountains passes were narrow and dangerouse. This part of the route was sometimes called the ‘’trail of bones’’ because of many animals and people who died there.