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Confucius believed that people's ethics should guide them in their lives. He put a strong emphasis on the fact that values and virtues should be the center of human relationships. He also believed that "all human relationships should be based on good faith, genuine understanding, and respect for others" (Gutek, p. 17).

Gutek, G. L. (2011). Historical and philosophical foundations of education: A biographical introduction. (5th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

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Plato was a proponent of general liberal education because he believed that the purpose of education was to "cultivate the liberal culture of the person as a generalist" (Gutek, p. 41). Also, the idea of socioeconomic rivalry played a large role in Plato's educational theory. He believed that educational institutions reflect the beliefs of the dominant class of people in a society.

Gutek, G. L. (2011). Historical and philosophical foundations of education: A biographical introduction. (5th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

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Aristotle believed knowledge should be what an individual ultimately was searching for in their lives. He also believed that any knowledge that a person receives should be shared with others who are also eager to learn. Aristotle taught that "teaching involves the transmission of knowledge, organized into subjects, to students" (Gutek, p. 55). Furthermore, Aristotle held the idea that knowledge that is acquired through observation and reflection is the best guide to human behavior.

Gutek, G. L. (2011). Historical and philosophical foundations of education: A biographical introduction. (5th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

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Socrates was the teacher and mentor to Plato. Socrates put an emphasis on "critical thinking and the search for meaning over traditional doctrinal wisdom, custom, and opinion" (Gutek, p. 35). Socrates believed that knowledge was the source of the virtuous or reflective life. He also believed that the role of the teacher was to draw ideas out of students' minds by asking them questions that forced them to think critically and reflectively about their beliefs.

Gutek, G. L. (2011). Historical and philosophical foundations of education: A biographical introduction. (5th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

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I provided examples of what each of the philosophers believed to show that they each hold beliefs that still hold true today in modern educational systems. From my experience in education, school systems believe that teachers should have positive relationships with students, similar to what Confucius said, because students will not learn from teachers that they do not like. Also, all of the school systems that I have worked in do offer technical glasses such as shop and auto body, but they also offer liberal classes such as foreign language, art, and music, which Plato was an advocate for. Furthermore, contemporary education emphasizes that students should advocate for themselves and should be life-long learners, which Aristotle would have supported. Finally, all school districts want to produce learners who can think critically and will challenge traditional ideas and beliefs, which Socrates believed in.