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- A bull market is a strong market with prices moving up for several months or years in a row. (strongest markets in history began in 1995)
- A bear market is a mean or nasty market with prices falling sharply for several months or years in a row. (2001-2003; DJIA lost more than one third of its value.)

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-Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) is the most popular and widely publicized measure of stock market performance.
- A change in the DJIA that average share of stock changed by $1.
- Standard & Poor's 500 (S&P 500) is what uses the price changes of 500 representative stocks as an indicator.
- NASDAQ computes several measures of market performance for investors.

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How The Stock Exchange Works (For Dummies)

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- Over the counter market (OTC) electronic marketplace for securities are not traded.
- Most important OTC is NASDAQ is also worlds largest electronic stock market.

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- A 401(k) plan is a tax deferred investment and savings plan that acts as a personal pension fund for employees.
- Contributing to plan lowers taxable income because you don't have to pay taxes.
- Provides simple, consistent, and relatively safe way for employees to save.

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- Stock or securities exchange is a place where buyers and sellers meet to trade stocks.
-the New York Stock Exchange is the largest, oldest and most prestigious of stock exchanges (NYSE).
- Stock exchanges are found in major cities all over the world.

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- Mutual fund is a company that sells stock in itself to individual investors (stockholders receive dividends earned from the mutual funds investments).
- Net asset value is the net value of the mutual fund divided by the number of shares issues by the mutual fund.
- Mutual funds allow people to invest in market without risks.

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- Large equity markets can be competitive, mostly when they have a large number of buyers and sellers. investors are always looking at stocks to find the best.
- Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is the argument that stocks are usually priced correctly and bargains are hard to find.
- Portfolio diversification is the practice of holding a large number of different stocks.

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-Equities form another type of financial asset that is available to investors.
- A stockbroker is a person who buys or sells equities for clients (can open account via media with firm, which allows to buy, sell and monitor their portfolio.)